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Background and Purpose: Limited access to physical activity resources contributes to elevated prevalence of obesity in Hispanic women living in low-income urban Los Angeles neighborhoods. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of training with fitness zone equipment recently made available in public parks. Methods: Six ove...
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A system can only be improved if it is measured. In order to adequately measure a system, that system needs to be mapped and all key inter-nodal linkages, constraints and pathways recorded. Commercial supply chains demonstrate similar characteristics to other systems. Much has been written about mapping supply systems, where typically, the product...
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... For example, after participation in programs using outdoor exercise equipment, Korean women (65+ years) showed improvements in strength/endurance and physical function, and positive reductions in body size compared to a control group (Kim et al., 2018). An increase in muscular endurance has been reported among overweight and sedentary women (Nguyen & Raney, 2014). ...
Sports and exercise park areas organized by public administrators in cities provide the environment and opportunities for citizens to be able to feed physically and spiritually from the environment they live in, and to produce material and moral values that can contribute to the development of this environment. Exercise parks, which are among the services of social municipality and established in open areas in order to increase the living standard of the society through sports, have been one of the most used fields for physical activity. From the perspective of smart urbanization and social municipality, it is clear that sports services and parking areas offered by public authorities should be designed in a way that takes into account new approaches such as sharing economy, effective and efficient, based on data and through information management systems. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to draw attention to the fact that outdoor exercise parks should be designed based on the needs and requirements of the users. The sub-objectives of the research are to examine the usage habits and profiles of individuals who use the open area exercise parks built by the Metropolitan Municipality in Beykoz and Maltepe districts on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, to evaluate them in terms of sports management and make suggestions for improvement. For the quantitative data collection part of the research, a questionnaire was applied to 500 citizens from different exercise parks in two districts with the convenience sampling method. According to the findings, it was observed that the user profiles of the exercise parks on the Anatolian side of Istanbul differed significantly between the districts in terms of usage habits and socioeconomic status, therefore it is suggested that the social municipality services and smart city applications to be offered should be diversified in accordance with the citizen profile and preferences. At the same time, it has been determined that warming up before using the exercise equipment is important for a healthy physical activity in the parks. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021; 1(2): 75-92 76 AKTİF ŞEHİRLER BAĞLAMINDA AKILLI KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM: İSTANBUL'UN FARKLI İLÇELERİNDEKİ AÇIK ALAN EGZERSİZ PARKLARININ SOSYAL BELEDİYECİLİK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÖZET Şehirlerde kamu yöneticileri tarafından düzenlenen spor, egzersiz, oyun ve park alanları, bedenen ve ruhen vatandaşların yaşadıkları çevreden beslenebilmeleri ve aynı şekilde bu çevrenin gelişmesine katkıda bulunabilecekleri maddi ve manevi değerler üretebilmelerinin ortamını ve imkânlarını sunmaktadır. Sosyal belediyeciliğin hizmetleri arasında yer alan ve toplumun yaşam standardını spor yoluyla yükseltmek adına açık alanlara kurulan egzersiz parkları, fiziksel aktivite yapmak için en çok kullanılan sahalardan biri olmuştur. Akıllı kentleşme ve sosyal belediyecilik perspektifinden, kamu yetkilileri tarafından sunulan spor hizmetlerinin ve park alanlarının, veriye dayalı olarak ve bilgi yönetim sistemleri aracılığı ile etkin ve verimli, paylaşım ekonomisi gibi yeni yaklaşımları dikkate alacak bir şekilde tasarlanması gerektiği günümüzde ortadadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, açık alan egzersiz parklarının kullanıcıların ihtiyaç ve gereksinimlerinden yola çıkılarak tasarlanması gerektiğine dikkatleri çekmektir. Araştırmanın alt hedefleri, İstanbul Anadolu yakasında bulunan Beykoz ve Maltepe ilçelerinde Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından yapılan açık alan egzersiz parklarını kullanan bireylerin kullanım alışkanlıklarını ve profillerini inceleyerek, spor yönetimi açısından değerlendirip iyileştirmesi için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmanın nicel veri toplama kısmı için kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle, iki ilçede bulunan farklı egzersiz parklarından 500 vatandaşa anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, İstanbul Anadolu yakasındaki egzersiz parkı kullanıcı profillerinin ilçeler arasında kullanım alışkanlıkları, sosyo-ekonomik durum ve çevresel faktörler açısından anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı görülmüştür, bu nedenle sunulacak sosyal belediyecilik hizmetlerinin ve akıllı şehir uygulamalarının da vatandaş profiline ve tercihlerine uygun biçimde çeşitlendirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir. Aynı zamanda egzersiz ekipmanlarını kullanmadan önce ısınma hareketlerinin yapılmasının ve yönlendirmelerin bulunmasının, parklarda sağlıklı bir fiziksel aktivite için önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: yerel yönetim, aktif yaşam, rekreasyon parkları, fiziksel aktivite, egzersiz
... Nguyen et al. takes the public fitness equipment from neighbor park as sedentary Hispanic women exercising tools. After experimenting for 6 weeks, Nguy en et al. saw significant effect on losing weight of respondents [7]. Additionally, Wang et al. analyzes the usefulness of public fitness equip ment from the aspect of sports biom echanics [8]. ...
In this paper, an IoT architecture for public fitness equipment, internet of public fitness equipment, with software and hardware is proposed and implemented. We utilize reed switch and MCU with WiFi module to implement IoT hardware on public fitness equipment. Furthermore, we also implement web service, database and user interface which provide thorough individual exercise prescription and monitor service. From the experimental results, all the participants' physical fitness does improve significantly. It shows that our internet of public fitness equipment can significantly improve body health by providing an efficient exercise way.
... After the removal of duplicates, a total of 41 potentially relevant studies were identified from the original database search. A total of 18 studies 6,8,11,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] published between 2012 and 2018 were included in the systematic review. ...
... Sample sizes ranged from 6 31 to 48 29 for the experimental studies, from 3426 30 to 23,905 18 for studies using prospective designs, and from 54 24 to 6722 21 for cross-sectional studies. Eight studies included age groups ranging from children to seniors, 6,11,13,18,21,25,28,30 four studies targeted only older adults, 8,19,23,29 four studies reported on adults 18 years and older, 20,26,27,31 one study reported on individuals 15 years and older, 22 and in one study the target group was unclear. 24 The number of outdoor gyms investigated in each study ranged from one 13 to 1981. ...
... The intervention studies assessing physical fitness and other health outcomes included: a two-arm 18-week RCT pre-post intervention design 29 ; a three-arm 6-week RCT pre-post intervention design 23 ; and, a 6-week pre-post experimental (no control group) study. 31 Kim et al. 23 recruited senior participants from a Welfare Centre to participate in a 6-week supervised exercise program. The exercise program encompassed set exercises that utilised six pieces of outdoor gym equipment (i.e., pull weight, chair pull, leg extension, sky-walk and cross country). ...
... After the removal of duplicates, a total of 41 potentially relevant studies were identified from the original database search. A total of 18 studies 6,8,11,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] published between 2012 and 2018 were included in the systematic review. ...
... Sample sizes ranged from 6 31 to 48 29 for the experimental studies, from 3426 30 to 23,905 18 for studies using prospective designs, and from 54 24 to 6722 21 for cross-sectional studies. Eight studies included age groups ranging from children to seniors, 6,11,13,18,21,25,28,30 four studies targeted only older adults, 8,19,23,29 four studies reported on adults 18 years and older, 20,26,27,31 one study reported on individuals 15 years and older, 22 and in one study the target group was unclear. 24 The number of outdoor gyms investigated in each study ranged from one 13 to 1981. ...
... The intervention studies assessing physical fitness and other health outcomes included: a two-arm 18-week RCT pre-post intervention design 29 ; a three-arm 6-week RCT pre-post intervention design 23 ; and, a 6-week pre-post experimental (no control group) study. 31 Kim et al. 23 recruited senior participants from a Welfare Centre to participate in a 6-week supervised exercise program. The exercise program encompassed set exercises that utilised six pieces of outdoor gym equipment (i.e., pull weight, chair pull, leg extension, sky-walk and cross country). ...
Objectives:
While outdoor gyms are being rapidly installed around the globe, little is known about their implications on physical activity, and fitness and other health-related outcomes. The primary objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of outdoor gyms on physical activity, fitness and other health-related outcomes. Secondary objectives were to describe outdoor gym characteristics, user characteristics, and outdoor gym usage.
Design:
Systematic review.
Methods:
Peer-reviewed papers published in English were obtained through online database searches of the following databases; EBSCO, SPORTdiscus, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and Informit. Searches covered the periods from database inception to January 2019. Studies that reported on the efficacy of outdoor gym use for physical activity, health-related outcomes or descriptive aspects of outdoor gyms and their users were eligible for inclusion.
Results:
There was some support that outdoor gyms may improve physical activity, fitness and other health-related outcomes, however few experimental studies have been conducted. There was no consistency between outdoor gyms in terms types and number of installed equipment for each facility. Further, this review found discrepancies of whom were the most likely users of outdoor gyms and when they were mainly used.
Conclusions:
This review contributes to the limited evidence on the impact and characteristics of outdoor gyms on physical activity and fitness and health-related outcomes.
... However, they did not observe an increase in the index of cardiovascular ability (VO 2 max). This finding might be attributed to the fact that unlike machines in indoor gyms, the resistance levels of most OFE cannot be adjusted to increase the training effect [11]. Chow studied the effect of the intervention of OFE on older adults and reported significant improvements in chair standing and 8-foot up-and-go tests when baseline (pretest) findings were compared with post-test findings; however, these improvements decreased significantly from the post-test to the retention test. ...
... Parks usually provide easy access within their geographical proximity and are often equipped with exercise facilities, such as swimming pools and ball courts [5]. Recently, many parks worldwide have installed outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) to attract more citizens to visit them and to engage in physical activities [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. For example, Cohen reported that parks in Los Angeles installed with OFE attracted new visitors and stimulated increased physical activity [6]. ...
Outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) areas have become a popular form of built environment infrastructure in public open spaces as a means to improve public health through increased physical activity. However, the benefits of using OFE are not consistent, and several OFE accidents have been reported. In this study, we videotaped how OFE users operate OFE in parks and selected four types of popular OFE (the waist twister, air walker, ski machine, and waist/back massager) for video content analysis. Furthermore, we established coding schemes and compared results with the instructions provided by OFE manufacturers. The results revealed various usage behaviors for the same OFE types. In addition, we observed that a significant portion of user behaviors did not follow manufacturers’ instructions, which might pose potential risks or actually cause injuries. Children are especially prone to act improperly. This study provides empirical evidence indicating the existence of potential safety risks due to inappropriate usage behaviors that might lead to accidents and injuries while using OFE. This study provides crucial information that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of OFE and to develop future park or open space initiatives.
Introduction : Scalable physical activity interventions are crucial in addressing the widespread issue of global physical inactivity. Outdoor gyms present as a promising setting to deliver physical activity interventions that can be scaled to engage significant proportions of the population. This systematic review aims to analyze how interventions conducted in outdoor gym settings to date have been delivered, identify their target populations, and describe the types of equipment and exercises used. Methods : A systematic search of peer-reviewed English-language articles was conducted using the following databases: EBSCO, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that employed experimental pre–post designs, including randomized controlled trials and single-group designs, and promoted physical activity through outdoor gyms were eligible for inclusion. Results : Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most interventions were fully supervised by exercise professionals, with a primary focus on older adults. Although males and females were equally targeted in most studies, female participants tended to be overrepresented. Variability existed in terms of intervention dosage, with session frequency ranging from fortnightly to 3 each week. Studies often only included 1 outdoor gym location, with the amount and type of equipment available varying between studies. Conclusion : More robust experimental trials using appropriate frameworks are required to guide scalable, population-based programs. This review aids researchers, practitioners, and planners by mapping program characteristics, providing evidence, and identifying gaps for future large-scale studies and initiatives.
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of a multimodal exercise program conducted at a Seniors Exercise Park among older adults with mild balance dysfunction.
Methods
Participants (aged ≥65 years) with mild balance dysfunction underwent 18 weeks of gradual reduction of supervised training followed by six weeks of independent training at the Seniors Exercise Park. Feasibility and safety were assessed at baseline, 18 and 24 weeks.
Results
Seventy-five participants expressed interest in the program. Of the 46 participants enrolled in the study, 36 (78.3%) completed the 18 week intervention, and 32 (69.6%) were followed-up at 24 weeks. The median adherence to supervised training was 90.9%, and independent practice was 26.3% (weeks 19–24). All the supervised training sessions were completed within 18 weeks. No falls, or adverse events occurred. All physical performance (e.g., balance, lower body strength, and mobility), psychosocial health outcomes (e.g., mental wellbeing) and quality of life improved significantly at 18 and 24 weeks.
Conclusions
This initially supervised Seniors Exercise Park program which progressed to independent practice is feasible, safe, and improved health outcomes in older adults with mild balance dysfunction. Strategies are needed to improve adherence to independent practice and minimise dropouts.
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Implications for rehabilitation
• Gradually reduced supervision in a Seniors Exercise Park program progressing to independent practice is feasible and safe for older adults with mild balance dysfunction.
• Seniors Exercise Parks can assist older adults with mild balance dysfunction to improve their balance, lower body strength, mobility, and psychosocial health.
• There is a need for more Seniors Exercise Parks in community parks to enable greater access to this novel exercise approach by older people, including those with mild balance dysfunction.
In Hong Kong, an increasing number of outdoor exercise facilities have been established in public open spaces to promote physical activity (PA) in older adults. However, no intervention is dedicated in educating the public on how to make use of these resources to fulfil the PA guidelines based on behavioural change theory. This study has two phases, phase one aims to describe the participatory development of the intervention, and phase two is the evaluation of a public outdoor exercise facilities‐based PA education intervention for community‐dwelling older adults. A mixed‐methods participatory design was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention. PA behaviour was assessed as the fulfilment of the PA recommendations by World Health Organization, and the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) scale at baseline, immediately, and 3 and 6 months post‐intervention. Psychosocial constructs and physical assessments were carried out at both pre‐ and post‐intervention. Individual in‐depth interviews were conducted at post‐intervention. Forty‐seven participants were enrolled in the intervention. The average adherence rate was 90.87%. PA significantly increased after the intervention and remained elevated for the following 6 months. Post‐intervention, the qualitative findings supported the quantitative findings at both the individual and social levels. However, findings regarding the change in participants' usage of environmental resources were divergent. The intervention was well‐received by the participating older adults, as reflected by the high adherence rate. Both quantitative and qualitative data demonstrated the overall impacts of the intervention for creating sustainable changes in PA behaviour.
Introduction
This natural experiment examined the impact of the installation of outdoor fitness equipment and one multi-sports court in a park located in Melbourne, Australia on park visitation and park-based physical activity compared to a control park. Barriers and facilitators to use of this equipment among adult park visitors were also explored.
Methods
Park visitation and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the two parks were assessed before (T1, 2016) and after the intervention (T2, 2019) using observations of park visitors from children to older adults across four days (7.30am-5.00pm). The relative change in observed counts in visitors from T1-T2 in the intervention park compared to the control park was used to assess the effect of the park refurbishment. Intercept surveys regarding barriers and facilitators were conducted with adult park visitors.
Results
Over the three-year period, total visitor counts increased by 16% and the number of park visitors observed engaging in MVPA increased by 24% in the intervention park. However, there were no significant intervention effects on total visitor counts (IRR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.62, 1.30) or MVPA (IRR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.53, 1.19) relative to the control park. Examples of frequently mentioned facilitators to increase use of the sports court and fitness equipment included having someone to use the facilities with and instructional signage, and common barriers included poor weather and lack of time.
Conclusions
The impact of the park upgrade on visitation and MVPA was not significant. A better understanding of the broader appeal of outdoor fitness equipment and a multi-sports court among different segments of the population is needed.
