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Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. It is an underlying factor in many diseases for both children and adults, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it affects one out...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in Table 5 show that the percentage of underweight children among households with two children under three years old (27.8 %) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the percentage of underweight children among households with one child (14.8 %). Table 4 also indicates that underweight occurred to a lesser extent among children whose parents work in agriculture (7.5 % for parents involved in livestock and 28.6 % for parents working in crops) than among children whose parents were involved in informal business (40.0 %). ...
Context 2
... in single-parent households suffered from underweight to a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level (15.8 %) than children brought up by both parents (13.6 %) ( Table 4). ...
Context 3
... results in Table 4 also indicate that the incidence of underweight among children decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as income increased (18.1 % among households with income less than P400 [equivalent to US$ 87] and 5.6 % among households with income range of P800-999 [equivalent to US$ 174-217]). However, the percentage of underweight children rose again among households with incomes higher than P1000 [equivalent to US$ 218] (10.8 %). ...
Context 4
... results in Table 4 show a strong relationship between the increase in the level of education of the mother and the decrease of underweight among children. There were significant differences (p < 0.01) between each two consecutive levels of education (29.4 % for no education; 18.3 % for primary education, 12.9 % for secondary education and 0.0 % for tertiary education). ...
Context 5
... of underweight among children who were breastfed occurred to a substantially (p < 0.01) lower level (14.7 % and 13.7 %) than among children who were never breastfed (40.0 %) (Table 4). There was no significant difference (p < 0.01) between the levels of underweight among children who were breastfed for a period of time and those for whom breastfeeding was stopped (13.7 %) and among those who were still breastfed (14.7 %). ...
Citations
... First, age emerged as a significant predictor of undernutrition, with children and elders facing heightened risks. This finding resonates with existing literature [43,[48][49][50], which underscores the vulnerability of these age groups to undernutrition in the context of cancer. Pediatric cancer patients face unique challenges due to increased nutritional needs compounded by the effects of cancer treatments [51]. ...
Introduction: Cancer poses a significant burden in Africa, where limited resources and infrastructure compound the challenges of managing the disease. Undernutrition, a critical concern among cancer patients, can profoundly affect treatment outcomes and overall prognosis. Despite its importance, the prevalence of undernutrition among African cancer patients remains poorly understood. Methods: Five major databases were searched for observational studies that reported the prevalence of undernutrition, from inception till February 2024. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by at least two independent reviewers. The NIH criteria for observational studies were used for quality assessment. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the overall undernutrition prevalence, with subgroup analyses conducted based on country and population characteristics. Results: Twenty-four studies involving 4,283 participants met the inclusion criteria, most studies included children (41%), followed by adults (37%), and women (19%). The overall undernutrition prevalence among African cancer patients was estimated at 32.8% (95% CI, 25.1%, 41.67%) with substantial heterogeneity observed (I² = 95.4%, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations in prevalence across countries and population groups. Conclusion: Undernutrition is a serious issue among African cancer patients and requires an urgent response with targeted interventions. Tailored nutritional support strategies, considering demographic and regional contexts, are essential for improving patient outcomes.
... Empirical investigations on undernutrition in this demographic group are also prevalent, particularly in severely affected regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa, [16][17][18][19] Asia, 20 and lowand middle-income countries in general. 21 Furthermore, studies examining risk factors 14,22 and determinants of undernutrition, 23,24 predictors, 25 and interventions aimed at addressing undernutrition among CUAFY 26 are abundant. Existing literature has predominantly focused on prevalence, trends, determinants, 27,28 burden, 29 and associated factors. ...
Background and Aims
One of the greatest public health problems of the 21st century is undernutrition in children under the age of 5 years (CAUFY). Globally, over 232 million CUAFY are undernourished and approximately 45% of mortality in this population are undernutrition‐induced. This paper reviewed and critically explained the factors perpetuating undernutrition in CUAFY in the global space. It further explained the multi‐level determinants that influence health inequalities and consequently exacerbate undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally. It also went further to explain the intervention models and approaches that can be used to tackle undernutrition in CUAFY.
Methods/Literature Search Strategy
Demiris et al.'s approach to narrative review was utilized for this paper. Relevant articles on child nutrition were retrieved from multiple credible databases and websites of foremost health organizations. Using an iterative process, multiple combinations of search terms were done by stringing relevant key terms and their synonyms with Boolean Operators. This process was constantly refined to align search results with the study aim. Database search produced relevant and resourceful publications which were utilized to develop this review.
Results
The global burden of undernutrition remains high, especially in Oceania with the highest prevalence of stunting and wasting (41.4% and 12.5%), with Africa and Asia following closely. Malnutrition eradication is a global health issue of high priority as demonstrated by the “Goal 2” of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016–2025. The review identified no significant positive outcome from previous interventions due to the endemic health inequalities. Determinants of the multi‐level health inequalities associated with undernutrition in CUAFY, and probable solutions are explained with theoretical models of health inequalities. A diagonal intervention approach was proposed as a viable solution to ending undernutrition in CUAFY.
Conclusion
The application of relevant theoretical models and context‐specific intervention approaches can be utilized by stakeholders to close the existing inequality gaps, thereby reducing undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally.
... Developing countries are the most dominant place of child malnutrition, although it remains worldwide (Mahgoub et al., 2006). According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007, in Bangladesh, 43% and 41% of children were stunted and underweight, respectively (National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates and Macro International, 2009). ...
Purpose
Malnutrition is one of the serious public health problems especially for children and pregnant women in developing countries such as Bangladesh. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with child nutrition for both male and female children in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was conducted among 23,099 mothers or caretakers of children under five years of age from a nationally representative survey named Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2019. This study used chi-square test statistic for bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the adjusted effects of those covariates on child nutritional status.
Findings
The prevalence of severely malnourished, nourishment was higher for males than females (5.3% vs 5.1%, 77.4% vs 76.8%) while moderately malnourished were higher for females (18.1% vs 17.4%). The findings from the multinomial model insinuated that the mother’s education level, wealth index, region, early child development, mother’s functional difficulties, child disability, reading children's books and diarrhea had a highly significant effect on moderate and severe malnutrition for male children. For the female children model, factors such as mother’s education level, wealth index, fever, child disability, rural, diarrhea, early child development and reading less than three books were significant for moderate and severe malnutrition.
Originality/value
There is a solution to any kind of problem and malnutrition is not an exceptional health problem. So, to overcome this problem, policymakers should take effective measures to improve maternal education level, wealth status, child health.
... The study revealed that majority of mothers did not carry out exclusive breastfeeding and gave rice as weaning food to their children. This as well affects the nutritional adequacy among infants, as exclusive breastfeeding is the only complete food for infants below six months, after which complementary feeding should be initiated [19,20]. ...
Abstract: Malnutrition is a significant public health problem over the world, with severe impact in developing countries, including Asia and Africa. This paper present to assess malnutrition as a cause of infant and child mortality rate in Torbu community in Bo city, Sierra Leone. We used a community-based cross-sectional survey. A total of 80 mothers with children of under five years were selected using convenience sampling from the different divisions of Bo city. The findings showed that 48 (60%) of the respondents have never been sensitized nor have any knowledge about Malnutrition, of which 16 (50%) were informed via radio while 50 (63%) were not aware of any nutrition facility around the community. Besides, 56 (70%) of the respondents did not practice exclusive breastfeeding, 64 (80%) fed their children on only carbohydrates mainly in the form of rice, and 26 (32.5%) had one meal per day. 64 (80%) reported their children to have been admitted due to malnutrition (with mainly protein-energy malnutrition), while over a half 46 (57%) reported having lost a child to malnutrition. Thus, we recommended more nutrition education to address the poor Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices as well as targeted health interventions to mitigate the devastating effects of child malnutrition in the district.
Keywords: Parental knowledge, Malnutrition, Child mortality, Bo city.
... Mahgoub et al study discussed the prevalence of underweight grossly reduced in breast feed initiation within 4hrs of birth. 17 Breast feeding improves IQ, school attendance and higher income in adult life. 18 In this study, those children who had pre lacteal feeding more prone for chronic malnutrition. ...
Background: In India, 54% of under five children death mainly due to under nutrition. First two years of age is most critical. Nutritional status was assessed by using WHO standard growth chart. Wasting represents acute malnutrition, stunting with chronic, underweight represents both acute and chronic. Based on NFHS-3 data the prevalence of under nutrition rise up to 2 years of age, thereafter more or less stabilizes. Faulty feeding practices plays major role in under nutrition. Hence, this study carried out to assess nutritional status of 6 months to 2 years children in terms of acute and chronic malnutrition and to estimate the association of nutritional status with feeding practices.Methods: Cross sectional study done during March to August 2016. Sample size estimated was 180. Stratified random sampling method used to collect data among children in Peerkankaranai.Results: Mean age of children was 15.82 months. About 61.2% belonged to 12 to 24 months age group. Sex distributions were equal. About 55% belongs to middle socioeconomic status. The prevalence of underweight was 31.65, wasting 15%, stunting 45.6%. Male children affected by chronic malnutrition more than female children. Not initiating breast feeding within 4 hours of birth plays significant role in acute malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition was high among those not practising colostrum feeding and exclusive breast feeding. Only 15 mothers not influenced by formula feeding. Feeding frequency and traditional feeding practices had main role in chronic malnutrition.Conclusions: The prevalence of under nutrition among study population was high among this area. Feeding practices should be improved among the mothers.
... According to a WHO report, approximately 16% of children in developing countries are classified as severely malnourished [12]. Malnourished children, particularly those with severe underweight, are not only related with developmental delays and marked cognitive effects [13,14], but also associated with elevated risk of mortality [15,16]. However, little is known among Chinese ethnic minority children and adolescents. ...
Background:
Little is known regarding the nutritional burden in Chinese ethnic minority children. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of excess body weight and underweight for 26 ethnic groups.
Methods:
Data on 80,821 participants aged 7-18 years across 26 minorities, with completed records from a large national cross-sectional survey, were obtained from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in 2014. Excess body weight, underweight and their components were classified according to Chinese national BMI references.
Results:
The overall prevalence of excess body weight and underweight among ethnic groups were 12.0% and 14.5%, in which 4.4% and 4.1% of the participants were classified as obese and severe wasting, respectively. Compared with girls, boys showed a higher prevalence of underweight, severe wasting and obesity, but a lower prevalence of excess body weight (P < 0.05). Among 26 ethnic groups, Koreans had the highest prevalence of excess body weight (30.4%), while Bouyeis showed the highest prevalence of underweight (25.7%). The ethnic minority groups with high prevalence of excess body weight and underweight were more likely to show high burden of obesity and severe wasting, respectively. However, it is not the case for some groups, such as Miaos and Shuis.
Conclusions:
A worrying dual burden of excess body weight and underweight was recognized in Chinese ethnic minority children. Since various characteristics were found among different minorities, the ethnic-specific effort is warranted to improve their nutritional status.
... Mahgoub conducted a study in Botswana and showed that malnutrition is a problem that affect stunting(38.7%), wasting (5.5%), and underweight (15.6%) among children under three years of age [22].Children of good nutritional status of mother had lower risk of underweight. The present study showed a significant relation with age factor of children for malnutrition. ...
Objective: A study to assess the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) among under-five children with various sociodemographic variables which affect the nutritional status among under-five children in selected rural areas of Ambala, Haryana, India. Study Design and Setting: House to house visits by cross-sectional study covering 300 under-five children in rural areas of Ambala, Haryana, India. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and inferential analysis of nonprobability consecutive sampling. Result: According to the Gomez classification, 44.43% had good nutritional status with the proportion of first, second and third degree malnutrition was 39.34%, 15.66% and 0.66%, respectively. A significant association of PEM was determined by the age of the children. Conclusion: Need to provide health education regarding antenatal diet, the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, importance of immunization among under-five children and development of the integrated child development scheme at the school level.
... Nearly equivalent proportions of pre-school children were found to be wasted (7.9% and 8.8%) and under-weight (28% and 30%) as compared to the Ethiopian national report (9% and 25%) [12]. A study conducted in Botswana reported less prevalence of wasting (5.5%) and underweight (15.6%) and this might be because of study setting and feeding practice difference [20]. ...
Objective: Malnutrition is a worldwide prevalent problem. Under-nutrition segment of the condition is common in the developing world. Under-nutrition, because of being the result of multiple interlinked factors it needs intervention from different angles. Agriculture, home garden production, is one of the ways to address under-nutrition through food-based approach. Pre-school children are risky for under-nutrition. Though they are expected to benefit from the home garden products, their nutritional status was not assessed in consideration of home garden practice of households where they reside. Therefore, this study was aimed to compare nutritional status of pre-school children from households with and without home garden in Wondogenat Woreda, South Ethiopia.
Methods: Comparative community based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 430
pre-school children selected using simple random sampling technique. Z-score of anthropometric status was generated using WHO Anthro. Entire data was analyzed SPSS version 20. Frequencies and proportions of basic information were calculated. Independent sample t-test was used to compare z-score mean value of nutritional status of the pre-school children.
Results: From households with home garden 41% of the children were stunted, 28% were under-weight and 8% were wasted. From households without home garden 44% of the children were stunted, 30% were underweight and
8.8% were wasted. Mean of weight for age Z-score (p<0.0001), height for age Z-score (p<0.026) and weight for height Z-score (p<0.0001) of children from households with and without home garden was different.
Conclusion: All forms of under-nutrition are prevalent both in households with and without home garden. Mean values of weight for height, height for age and weight for age Z-scores of pre-school children from households with and without home garden are different
... [26] Sex of child is not statistically significant in this study similar to other studies which showed no association between malnutrition and sex of child. [27,28] However, according to Guerrero (2009), there is no difference in weight for-age or weightfor-height between boys and girls in Iraq. [29] Morbidity status of the child with diarrhea preceding 2 weeks before the onset of SAM is significantly associated with severe wasting of the children. ...
Background: Malnutrition is a major public health problem of developmental concern with both health and socioeconomic consequences. The study was aimed to determine the risk factors of severe acute malnutrition among under-five children.
Material and Methods: This hospital-based case control study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016 whereby a total of 196 children under 5 years (98 cases and 98 controls) whose age ranged from 6 to 60 months were included in the study, data were collected retrospectively using a questionnaire, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was taken using standard procedures. SPSS statistical software version 19 was used to analyze the dataset.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the cases and controls was 18.34 ± 14.6 and 16.93 ± 14.1 months, respectively, and the mean ± SD MUAC of the cases and controls was 9.36 ± 1.1 and 14.59 ± 2.2 cm, respectively. Risk factors associated with severe acute malnutrition were lack of taking balanced diet more than 3 times/day (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.355, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.162– 24.690), irregular hand washing with soap or other cleaning agents before feeding child (AOR = 0.317, 95% CI = 0.139–0.723), and father’s education level 0–8 class (AOR = 0.190, 95% CI = 0.054–0.676).
Conclusions: Severe acute malnutrition was found to be associated with father’s education level, lack of taking balanced diet, and irregular hand washing. Interventions to reduce malnutrition and address the factors contributing to malnutrition should be a policy priority.
... It is also shown rural children are more likely to stunted, wasted and low weighted than urban children. Since, malnutrition affects physical growth, cognitive development, mortality, morbidity, physical and mental work capacity, so the main factors of child malnutrition should investigate [20][21][22]. Low height-for-age (stunting), low weight-for-height (wasting) and low weightfor-age (underweight) and overweight are the four indicators which measure child malnourished [8, [23][24][25]. ...
