Visual representation of the two selected axes and four resulting scenarios.

Visual representation of the two selected axes and four resulting scenarios.

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Global demand for freshwater and marine foods (i.e., seafood) is rising and an increasing proportion is farmed. Aquaculture encompasses a range of species and cultivation methods, resulting in diverse social, economic, nutritional, and environmental outcomes. As a result, how aquaculture develops will influence human wellbeing and environmental hea...

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Context 1
... describes the increased connectivity and flow of people, information, goods, and services across space ( Figure 1). The horizontal axis therefore describes the spectrum of the degree of integration, from a food system in which production and consumption occur in the same geographical area (regionalized) to a food system in which production might occur in a geographically distant area from where it is consumed (globalized). ...
Context 2
... second axis describes different ways in which economies around the world may develop (Figure 1). One end of this continuum of possible macro-economic pathways represents a capitalist approach (Friedman 2009) that additionally posits that human inventiveness and adaptability can lead to "endless growth" (Simon and Bartlett 1985) and improved prosperity through the "rising tide that lifts all boats" (Kwon and Salcido 2019). ...

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... The cultivation of LTEM species (seaweeds, bivalves, and sea cucumber) exemplifies a highly efficient, low-input, ecologically friendly approach to producing food, especially when compared to terrestrial farm animals [37,40]. LTEM species require minimal energy inputs and no feed or fertiliser. ...
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... In Indonesia, millions of households depend on this sector for their livelihoods. In addition, aquaculture contributes to downstream industry sectors such as fish processing, transport, and marketing [72]. Thus, the development of this sector has a significant multiplier effect on the domestic economy. ...
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... However, these industries encounter obstacles related to sustainability, environmental requirements, and shifting consumer expectations. [215][216][217] To be able to achieve sustainable fishery management, policies must prioritize science-based quotas, restrictions on fishing gear, and seasonal closures to help protect fish stocks and support resilient ecosystems. [218][219][220] Furthermore, for long-term sustainability, legislation promoting ethical aquaculture practices, such as waste management and disease prevention, is essential. ...
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... However, the sustainable development of this sector remains a subject of controversy (Anderson et al., forthcoming). Aquaculture plays a crucial role in providing protein for human health and ensuring global food security (Asche, Eggert, et al., 2022;Gephart et al., 2021; performance. We use the Aquaculture Performance Indicators (API) Garlock et al., 2024), a data collection tool that allows investigation of sustainability along the three pillars of sustainability as well as number of finer dimensions. ...
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... perspective. Prioritising different dimensions of sustainability also leads to different scenarios for the future of the seafood system (Gephart et al. 2021;Farmery et al. 2022). ...
... We could imagine that countries with similar regulatory backgrounds to Japan or Sweden may have similar viewpoints on sustainability. Country backgrounds may determine future pathways to sustainability, such as those discussed in Gephart et al. (2021) who split their future aquaculture scenarios based on extent of globalisation and economic growth paradigms. ...
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... In response to these challenges, Climate-Smart Aquaculture (CSAq) practices have gained prominence as strategic pathways to bolster the adaptive capacity and sustainability of aquaculture sub-sector (Gephart et al. 2020;Ichien et al. 2017;Kaleem and Bio Singou Sabi 2021).By integrating climate adaptation and mitigation strategies into aquaculture operations, CSAq endeavors to mitigate environmental impacts, optimize resource utilization, and enhance productivity in the face of climate variability (Bwathondi 2003;Mugabe 2020;URT 2021c;URT 2020URT , 2021b. ...
... Fish, the cheapest source of animal protein could be "nutrition-sensitive" addressing health inequities and global harmonized trade environment, toward social equity and sustainable environmental [1]. Small-scale commercial fish farming plays a significant role in rural development and poverty reduction [2]. ...
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Microbial biofilms have traditionally been viewed as scourges associated with colonization on medical devices and implants leading to drug resistance and persistent infections. In recent few years, antibiotics have been rampantly used to curb the disease outbreaks in animals, leading not only to escalates antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes but also negative impacts on fish and the environment health. Therefore, vaccines are getting prime importance in aquaculture as an alternative to the antibiotics. Biofilm oral vaccine is another exciting avenue of biofilm utilization for improving fish health. Oral deliveries of vaccine preparations have traditionally failed to induce protective immunity in fish, whereas biofilms of pathogenic bacteria grown on a defined substrate were effective in inducing higher antibody titers and protective immunity. Our studies on oral biofilm vaccines in catfish and major carps models have proved an enhanced protective immunity against the pathogenic bacteria. By virtue of the distinct antigenic makeup and adjuvancy of biofilms assemblage, novelty of biofilm oral vaccine has largely been its safe and effective performances in fish species. Here, we review on the state-of-art knowledge of microbial biofilms as fish vaccine and as amelioration of aquatic environment perspective towards enhanced fish production.
... As global wild catch volumes remain static, total increases in fish production are driven by the expansion of aquaculture (Ahmed et al. 2019;Garlock et al. 2020;Gephart et al. 2021;Asche et al. 2022). Expansion into the open ocean is seen as a solution to increase aquaculture production and mitigate pressure on inshore grow-out sites that are facing increasing social licence and environmental issues (Lovatelli et al. 2013;Froehlich et al. 2017;Heasman et al. 2020). ...
... The high economic value of fish and other aqua c foods may create tensions between the drive to export, mediated through well-off firms, and the role of aqua c foods in nutri on and food security for the poor and less well-off people. Reconciling the tensions requires economic policies that also address social jus ce and sustainability (Gephart et al., 2020). Increased produc on of higher value aqua c animal products tends to be directed towards interna onal trade. ...
Chapter
Fisheries and aquaculture produce highly nutritious foods that are generally of high value, and often targeted at export markets. Slow to recognise the threats from climate change, research by sectoral experts and greater attention to aquatic systems (freshwater and marine) by the IPCC rapidly improved understanding of likely productivity changes from climate change. Diverse approaches to adaptation are revealed by reviews of today’s adaptation practices, the most prominent pathways promised by technological fixes and emerging more comprehensive socio-technical systems approaches. The major challenges brought by climate change are going to exacerbate the ongoing dilemmas of how adaptation will affect small-scale fisheries and aquaculture and the large-scale enterprises, and which people will be advantaged or displaced in the adaptation processes.