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A partir des résultats d'une analyse phylogénétique basée sur la région ITS de l'ADN ribosomique, menée sur 258 taxons dont 63 Acianthera, et de leur comparaison avec les divisions infragénériques publiées par Luer dans le genre Pleurothallis, une organisation du genre Acianthera Scheidweiler en neuf sections est proposée. Une première tentative de...
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Context 1
... clade le plus basal, clade A ( Fig. 1), est soutenu par une valeur de bootstrap de 68%. Il correspond en partie à la section Sicariae proposée par Luer (1986, p.20). Cet auteur découpait sa section en deux sous-sections : sous-section Sicariae et sous-section Pectinatae. Nous retrouvons ces deux groupes dans notre analyse, respectivement A1 (soutenu par un bootstrap de 79%) ...
Context 2
... clade suivant (B -BP=78%) comprend huit espèces ( Fig. 1 Par contre, Acianthera enianthera Chiron & Ximenes Bolsanello ne peut, selon nous, appartenir à ce clade (pas de soutien bootstrap, pas de cohérence morphologique). La question de savoir si cette espèce constitue à elle-seule une section distincte est posée et les résultats de la présente analyse ne sauraient y répondre ...
Citations
... Morphological descriptions follow Stern [5], Luer [8] and Chiron and van den Berg [13]. The description of the epicuticular wax deposition patterns follows the terminology proposed by Barthlott et al. [41]; cell wall thickness classification follows that proposed by the IAWA Committee [42]; shape of the epidermal cells in frontal view follows Koch, Bhushan & Barthlott [43]. ...
Acianthera section Pleurobotryae is one of ten sections of the genus Acianthera and include four species endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this study was to describe comparatively the anatomy of vegetative organs and floral micromorphology of all species of Acianthera section Pleurobotryae in order to identify diagnostic characters between them and synapomorphies for the section in relation of other sections of the genus. We analyzed roots, ramicauls, leaves and flowers of 15 species, covering eight of the nine sections of Acianthera, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Acianthera section Pleurobotryae is a monophyletic group and the cladistic analyses of anatomical and flower micromorphology data, combined with molecular data, support internal relationship hypotheses among the representatives of this section. The synapomorphies identified for A. sect. Pleurobotryae are based on leaf anatomy: unifacial leaves, round or elliptical in cross-section, round leaves with vascular bundles organized in concentric circles, and mesophyll with 28 to 30 cell layers. Within the section, the clade (A. crepiniana + A. mantiquyrana) presented more differences in vegetative organ morphology and higher support values in combined analyses when compared to the second clade, (A. atropurpurea + A. hatschbachii). For each of these clades an exclusive set of homoplasies of vegetative and floral organs were also identified. The results support the argument that vegetative organs are more evolutionarily stable in comparison to reproductive organs and thus helpful for inference of internal phylogenetic relationships in Acianthera, while flowers are highly variable, perhaps due to the diversity of pollinator attraction mechanisms. The analyses indicate that the elliptical leaves observed in A. crepiniana have originated from round leaves observed in the other species of this section, suggesting an adaptation to increase the area of exposure of the leaf and better the efficiency of capture of sunlight in shaded environments such as the Atlantic Forest. The presence of papillose regions in both vegetative and floral organs indicated that micromorphological characters are also useful for the delimitation of species and sections within the genus.
... Acianthera Scheidweiler (1842: 292) is a genus comprising approximately 210 species within Pleurothallidinae, the largest orchid subtribe in number of species (, Pridgeon et al. 2005, Chiron & van den Berg 2012). Members of Acianthera typically grow as epiphytes, lithophytes, or rarely as terrestrials in cloudy, wet or dry forests from Mexico to Uruguay and Northern Argentina, including the Antilles. ...
... Luer (1986: 12). However, at the beginning of the 21 st century, a phylogenetic study of Pleurothallidinae, based on DNA sequences, provided strong support for the recognition of Acianthera as a different group within the subtribe ( Chiron & van den Berg 2012). Consequently, this group is currently recognized at the generic level. ...
Acianthera pollardiana is herein described as a new species based on specimens collected in Oaxaca, Mexico. Information concerning the distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation status for this taxon is provided. In addition, traits that distinguish this species from similar taxa are mentioned, and a line drawing, photograph, and a map of known localities are also shown. A taxonomic synopsis of Mexican Acianthera in which twenty species are accepted is also provided. Acianthera herrerae, whose presence has only previously been recorded in Guatemala, is here reported for first time for the Mexican flora. Acianthera javieri, A. markii, and A. martinezii are placed under the synonymy of A. angustisepala, A. tikalensis, and A. hondurensis, respectively. Moreover, an artificial key for Acianthera species is included in this synopsis and maps of known localities in Mexico are presented.
... Monophyletic subtribe Pleurothallidinae is the largest subtribe of Orchidaceae, comprising 35 genera and c. 4000 species (Pridgeon, Solano & Chase, 2001; Chase et al., 2003; van den Berg et al., 2009; Chiron, Guiard & van den Berg, 2012). Despite the limited chromosome number data available for Pleurothallidinae (only 30 have been reported to date, representing just 0.9% of all species of Pleurothallidinae; Felix & Guerra, 2010), the subtribe already shows considerable variation in chromosome number, from 2n = 20 in Specklinia grobyi ( ...
... The members of Pleurothallidinae have been extensively rearranged on the basis of several molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses (Pridgeon & Chase, 2001a, 2002; Barros, 2005; Barros & Barberena, 2010; Kollmann, 2010; Chiron & van den Berg, 2012), but, to date, such systematic and phylogenetic studies have not incorporated any karyological data. Nevertheless, these studies provide an opportunity for the interpretation of chromosome data in a phylogenetic context, providing insights into karyotype evolution in Pleurothallidinae and suggesting species relationships in cases in which molecular and morphological data are inconclusive. ...
... Here, we present the karyotype analysis of 48 species distributed in 12 genera of Pleurothallidinae. The karyotypes, analysed by conventional staining and/or CMA/DAPI banding, were compared with a recent phylogenetic proposal (Chiron et al., 2012) in order to understand karyotype evolution in the group, answering the following questions: (1) What is the basic chromosome number for Pleurothallidinae and internal groups? (2) What are the main types of chromosome rearrangement responsible for the generation of the large variation in chromosome number in this subtribe? ...
In this study, we analysed chromosome number variation and chromomycin A3/4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CMA/DAPI) banding patterns in 48 species belonging to 12 genera of subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) in order to understand the chromosome evolution based on recent phylogenetic hypotheses and taxonomic treatments. All species had small chromosomes, with numbers ranging from 2n = 20 in two Specklinia spp. to 2n = 80 in an unidentified Octomeria sp. In Acianthera, the most highly represented genus in this study, a great diversity of chromosome number and pattern of fluorescent bands was observed, showing heterochromatin accumulation in Acianthera section Sicariae subsection Pectinatae. Interspecific ascending and, mainly, descending dysploidy were the main mechanisms of chromosome number evolution in subtribe Pleurothallidinae. For Pleurothallidinae, x = 20 is suggested as the basic chromosome number, the same suggested for the related subtribe Laeliinae and for the whole tribe Epidendreae. The Brazilian species of the mega-genus Stelis had chromosomes with small amounts of heterochromatin and chromosome numbers based on x2 = 16. These are generally divergent from those reported for Andean and Meso-American species, but in agreement with the monophyletic hypothesis proposed for Stelis spp. with a Brazilian Atlantic distribution.
... La section Sicariae sous-section Auritae, du genre Acianthera Scheidweiler, comprend vingt trois espèces au Brésil (Chiron & van den Berg, 2012). Ces plantes sont caractérisées par un rhizome allongé, des tiges secondaires peu comprimées voire cylindriques, épaisses, à peu près de la même longueur que les feuilles, un peu plus courtes ou un peu plus longues, des feuilles planes, coriaces, elliptiques à ovales, restant dans l'axe des tiges, des inflorescences très courtes, portant de 1 à 4 fleurs posées sur la face interne de la feuille, des fleurs à labelle doté de deux auricules à la base. ...
... consulté le 28 mai 2013. seção Sicariae subseção Auritae, do gênero Acianthera Scheidweiler, é composta por vinte e três espécies no Brasil (Chiron & van den Berg, 2012). Estas plantas são caracterizadas por um rizoma alongado, hastes secundárias pouco comprimidas ou cilíndricas, espessas, aproximadamente de mesmo comprimento que as folhas, um pouco mais curtas ou um pouco mais longas, de folhas planas, coriáceas, elípticas à ovais, permanecendo no eixo das hastes, de inflorescências muito curtas, portanto de 1 a 3 flores situadas sobre a face interna da folha, com labelo dotado de duas aurículas na base. ...
Three new species of Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Espírito
Santo (Brazil) – Two Pabstiella and one Anathallis from Serra do Castelo
(Brazil, Espírito Santo) are discussed, described and illustrated. They are
compared to their close relatives, respectively Pabstiella cordilabia, P. hians
and Anathallis kautskyi.
... Le genre Acianthera Scheidweiler comprend environ 210 espèces (WCSP, 2012, consulté le 10/09/2012), dont 120 se rencontrent au Brésil (Chiron & van den Berg, 2012). Peu d'entre elles (sept selon Barros et al., 2012, consulté Luer (2004) cite cette espèce pour le sud du Brésil, mais sans qu'aucun matériel, à notre connaissance, ne puisse corroborer cette présence. ...
Une nouvelle espèce d'Acianthera, basée sur du matériel collecté dans le nord du Mato Grosso (Brésil), est décrite, illustrée et comparée à son plus proche parent, Acianthera agathophylla. Abstract A new species from Brazil (Mato Grosso) in the genus Acianthera (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) – Based on material collected in the Amazonian forests of the northern Mato Grosso, a new taxon is described, illustrated and compared with its closest relative, Acianthera agathophylla. Resumo Nova espécie de Acianthera (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) do Mato Grosso (Brasil) – Com base em material coletado no norte do Mato Grosso, numa floresta amazônica, uma espécie nova é descrita, ilustrada e comparada com a espécie mais próxima, Acianthera agathophylla.
This study presents a synopsis of the Orchidaceae species in Iguaçu National Park (ParNa Iguaçu), one of the largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Paraná. Orchidaceae is represented in the area by 65 species, distributed in 41 genera, the most representative being Gomesa (7 spp.) and Acianthera (6 spp.). Representatives of three subfamilies are present: Vanilloideae (2 spp.), Orchidoideae (12 spp.) and Epidendroideae (51 spp.) which, as expected, presents the greatest richness (78% of the total). Among the species found, five are considered endemic to Brazil, 23 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest (36%) and one is endemic to Paraná. Thirty-one new records were found for the area. The areas of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) had 29 exclusive species, the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) had 20, while 16 species occur in both phytophysiognomies. A new occurrence was recorded for MOF. Regarding habit, exclusively epiphytic was the most representative (39 spp.), followed by exclusively terricolous (15 spp.), two vines and one mycoheterotrophic species. Among the families already inventoried in ParNa Iguaçu, Orchidaceae is among the richest and the findings of the present study reinforce the importance of floristic studies for cataloging the local flora.
A new species of Acianthera from the relict cloud forests of Valle del Cauca, Colombia is described and illustrated. This new species, Acianthera hagsateri, morphologically resembles A. geminicaulina, A. decurrens, and A. erythrogramma, but differs from them by its shorter plants and stems, the elliptic and obtuse smaller leaves, the racemose, 1–3 flowered raceme, and the obovate, entire lip, with a pair of smooth calli reaching the apical half. Illustration, distribution map, eponymy, notes on ecology, pictures for this new species
are included, and a comparison table with morphologically similar species.
A taxonomic synopsis of Peruvian Acianthera including 35 accepted species is presented. An artificial key and maps for known localities from all these species are also included. Acianthera berlinensis and Acianthera marleniae are described and illustrated as new species based on specimens collected in the Peruvian regions of Amazonas and Cajamarca, respectively. Information on the distribution and habitat is provided for both new taxa, followed by a discussion comparing the traits that distinguish them from their closest relatives. Acianthera consatae, A. dodsonii, A. lamia, A. scalpricaulis and A. toachica, previously known only from Ecuador and Bolivia, are herein reported for the first time for the Peruvian flora.
Among the members of subtribe Pleurothallidinae, Acianthera is one of the largest genera in Brazil with ca. 107 endemic species. A recent study of Acianthera, including a phylogeny based on nrITS and a systematic revision, proposed dividing the genus into nine sections. In this revision, the genus Pleurobotryum was reduced to Acianthera sect. Pleurobotryae. However, the true position of this section and its circumscription are debatable because the authors included only one species of the genus and did not include the type species (Pleurobotryum atropurpureum Barb. Rodr.) in the analysis. The objective of this work was to study the monophyly of the section and phylogenetic relationships among the species of A. sect. Pleurobotryae. The study included all of the species in this group and used the nuclear marker ITS (ITS1, 5.8S gene and ITS2) and an initial portion of the plastid marker matK for individual and combined maximum parsimony, Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. The results show that A. sect. Pleurobotryae is monophyletic with high bootstrap, decay index, and posterior probability support. Within the group, the results suggest, with moderate to strong support, the recognition of two sister clades: [(Acianthera hatschbachii (Schltr.) Chiron & van den Berg, Acianthera atropurpurea (Barb. Rodr.) Chiron & van den Berg), (Acianthera mantiquyrana (Barb. Rodr.) V. T. Rodrigues & F. Barros, Acianthera crepiniana (Cogn.) Chiron & van den Berg)]. The lack of resolution using only nrITS, the strong phylogenetic signal from the matK, and the combined analyses suggest that more studies are needed to verify the phylogenetic position and circumscription of some of the other sections in the genus. In addition, it is important that type species and morphological characters are incorporated into the definitions of the clades.
Acianthera Scheidew. envolve cerca de 200 espécies de distribuição Neotropical; na mais recente sinopse taxonômica proposta para o gênero, Chiron & van den Berg criaram dez seções, dentre elas a Acianthera sect. Pleurobotryae, objeto deste estudo. A seção Pleurobotryae distingue-se das demais seções de Acianthera por possuir flores com labelo de articulação móvel, longamente unguiculado, aliado às folhas teretiformes ou lateralmente compressas, unidas a um cauloma filiforme; seus representantes encontram-se distribuidos preferencialmente no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil e Nordeste da Argentina. Neste trabalho é apresentada a revisão taxonômica da seção Pleurobotryae na qual são propostas três novas sinonímias e uma nova combinação. Das seis espécies anteriormente atribuídas a esta seção, somente quatro são aqui aceitas: Acianthera atropurpurea (Barb.Rodr.) Chiron & van den Berg, A. crepiniana (Cogn.) Chiron & van den Berg, A. hatschbachii (Schltr.) Chiron & van den Berg e A. mantiquyrana (Barb. Rodr.) V.T. Rodrigues & F. Barros.
