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Honey is a natural product obtained from the nectar that is collected from flowers by bees. It has several properties, including those of being food and supplementary diet, and it can be used in cosmetic products. Honey imparts pharmaceutical properties since it has antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial and antioxidant activit...
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... Honey extracts showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against all microorganisms tested in this study except the clinical strains of S. pneumonia and H. influenzae type b. This is consistent with preceding reports that documented the effectiveness of honey as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Maželienė et al., 2022), MRSA (Jantakee and Tragoolpua, 2015), and S. aureus (Jantakee and Tragoolpua, 2015;Morroni et al., 2018;Moselhy et al., 2013;Srećković et al., 2019). Srećković et al. (2019) showed that cultures of S. typhimurium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were inhibited by honey extracts. ...
... Honey extracts showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against all microorganisms tested in this study except the clinical strains of S. pneumonia and H. influenzae type b. This is consistent with preceding reports that documented the effectiveness of honey as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (Maželienė et al., 2022), MRSA (Jantakee and Tragoolpua, 2015), and S. aureus (Jantakee and Tragoolpua, 2015;Morroni et al., 2018;Moselhy et al., 2013;Srećković et al., 2019). Srećković et al. (2019) showed that cultures of S. typhimurium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were inhibited by honey extracts. ...
Ethanolic extracts of seasonally collected natural bee products (honey, propolis, royal jelly (RJ), and bee venom (BV)) were tested for their potential as antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi. These extracts exhibited various inhibitory effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Haemophilus influenzae) and fungi (Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans), with the exception of S. pneumonia, which was not inhibited by honey and RJ extracts, and P. aeruginosa, which was not inhibited by RJ extracts. Interestingly, extracts of BV and its major content, melittin (MEL), displayed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. This is the first study to show that propolis extract has bactericidal activity against S. pneumoniae and that BV extract and MEL have antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris, H. influenzae, and H. influenzae type b. Extracts of bee products collected in the spring generally exhibited the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Based on total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), it was found that spring samples of propolis, RJ, and honey, in that order, were the richest. Also, LC-MS-MS analysis of MEL content in BV demonstrated that it was the highest in spring sample. In terms of MIC and MBC values, Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible to bee products. First and foremost, the antimicrobial activity of bee products was ranked in descending order based on MIC values: BV, MEL, propolis, RJ, and honey.
... The percentages of DPPH inhibition in the analyzed honey samples were similar to those recorded in previous studies conducted by Khalil (Gheldof et al., 2002). Variation in these properties also depends on the floral source, collection method (Jantakee & Tragoolpua, 2015), processing and handling, storage method, season and other environmental factors (Bundit et al., 2016). ...
The present research experimentally investigated the physicochemical parameters and mineral content in honey and chicken eggs from different regions of Haryana. The egg samples were evaluated for pH, protein content, length, width, shape index and weight, whereas honey samples were evaluated for pH, moisture content, acidity, optical density, protein content and electrical conductivity. By investigating these parameters, the study aims to evaluate the nutritional value and safe consumption of these food products. Analyzing the mineral content in honey and egg samples along with the seasonal variations is crucial to comprehend their role in human health. In addition, this study also focuses on the metabolic parameters and antioxidant content in these samples. A comprehensive examination of all these parameters was done during summer and winter season to assess their quality. The samples were collected from four different districts of Haryana- Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hisar and Panipat. Samples were collected during the summer and winter season in the year 2022-2023. Hen eggs were collected from poultry farms and honey samples were collected from bee hives and apiaries. A total number of 5 honey samples were collected from each district whereas a total number of 10 eggs were collected from each district during summer (May-June) and winter (Dec-Jan) season. Analysis of samples was done using standard methods and the data obtained was executed with SPSS.
All the physico-chemical parameters were estimated by standard methods. All the minerals and heavy metals in honey samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Results showed that the pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, optical density, total protein content and acidity were 5.78, 20.89%, 0.81 mS/cm, 0.25, 0.00, and 0.21%, respectively. The mean values of minerals were 13.21 mg/100 g for sodium; 177.52 mg/100 g for potassium; 20.26 mg/100 g for calcium and 71.10 mg/100 g for magnesium. Among heavy metals, iron was most abundant with an average of 1.69 mg/100 g. The mean concentrations of selenium and copper in investigated honey samples were 0.68 mg/100g and 1.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk related parameters like estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were also analyzed. HQ level indicated that there is a potential threat to children and adult population due to honey consumption in future. On the other hand, the mean values of egg for width, length, weight, shape, pH, and protein were 4.17 cm, 5.26 cm, 50.70 g, 22.22, 6.71, and 10.24 g, respectively, in summer, and 4.14 cm, 5.42 cm, 50.85 g, 22.93, 6.93, and 10.23 g, respectively, in winter. Regarding minerals and heavy metals, the mean values were recorded as follows in summer: sodium (123.51 mg/100 g), potassium (112.25 mg/100 g), calcium (71.47 mg/100 g), magnesium (18.96 mg/100 g), copper (2.29 mg/100 g), and iron (1.55 mg/100 g). In winter, the values were sodium (123.53 mg/100 g), potassium (110.24 mg/100 g), calcium (70.87 mg/100 g), magnesium (18.04 mg/100 g), copper (2.08 mg/100 g), and iron (1.61 mg/100 g). Arsenic, lead, and selenium were below the limit of quantification. The values recorded for estimated daily intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ) indicate no potential health risk, as HQ for Cu and Fe was less than one, for both adults and children. Thus, based on the results obtained from this study, there are currently no apparent health risks to human health. However, owing to rapid urbanization and industrialization, the likelihood of heavy metal pollution and toxicity in the near future is high. Therefore, more research must be conducted in this regard, and new strategies should be explored to combat heavy metal contamination.
Dietary antioxidants are known to be beneficial for reducing oxidative damage and promoting human health. The antioxidant potential of all the samples was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. The FRAP values of the egg samples were reported to be significantly greater in the summer season (25.80 mg GAE/g) than in the winter season (22.88 mg GAE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of poultry eggs exhibited a greater trend in winter (26.86%) than in summer (24.53%). In contrast, the FRAP values of honey samples were reported to be highest for Panipat (279.52 μM Fe(II)), followed by Gurgaon (141.19 μM Fe(II)), Rohtak (87.41 μM Fe(II)) and Hisar (87.19 μM Fe(II)) (the lowest). DPPH radical scavenging in honey samples was greatest in Panipat (43.92%) and was similar in samples from Rohtak (17.79%), Gurgaon (17.63%) and Hisar (17.02%). Various metabolites were identified in the analyzed honey. Most of them had antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. To date, little research has been conducted on this topic involving eggs and honey. For that reason, more studies are required to determine the antioxidant properties of these food products and their impact on human health.
Therefore, more research must be conducted in this regard, and new strategies should be explored to combat heavy metal contamination. Our findings could lead to the need for future research, emphasizing the importance of exploring sources of heavy metals and implementing strategies to mitigate heavy metal contamination in honey.
... The antioxidant properties possessed by honey are usually contributed by pollen, nectar and substances that consist of enzymes, organic acids and vitamins [44]. Variation in these properties also depends on the floral source, method of collection [45], processing and handling, method of storage, season and other environmental factors [46]. The mean ± standard error bearing superscripts ( a-d ) indicates a significant difference (p< 0.05) ...
Nutritionally enriched food products such as eggs and honey are known to be beneficial for human health. In addition, they also have vital biological functions, such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Dietary antioxidants are known to be beneficial for reducing oxidative damage and promoting human health. The objective of the present study was to assess the antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity of honey and poultry eggs. The antioxidant potential of all the samples was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. The FRAP values of the egg samples were reported to be significantly greater in the summer season (25.80 mg GAE/g) than in the winter season (22.88 mg GAE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of poultry eggs exhibited a greater trend in winter (26.86%) than in summer (24.53%). In contrast, the FRAP values of honey samples were reported to be highest for Panipat (279.52 µM Fe(II)), followed by Gurgaon (141.19 µM Fe(II)), Rohtak (87.41 µM Fe(II)) and Hisar (87.19 µM Fe(II)) (the lowest). DPPH radical scavenging in honey samples was greatest in Panipat (43.92%) and was similar in samples from Rohtak (17.79%), Gurgaon (17.63%) and Hisar (17.02%). To date, little research has been conducted on this topic involving eggs and honey. For that reason, more studies are required to determine the antioxidant properties of these food products and their impact on human health. This study provides insight into the antioxidant potential of egg and honey samples collected from different districts of Haryana.
... For instance, Pham et al. (2022) demonstrated a positive correlation between the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of honeys and their total polyphenol content, with coffee honey ranking high in these activities. [11] Similarly, Jantakee et al. (2015) found that coffee blossom honey, with higher total polyphenol content, exhibited greater DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities compared to longan and lychee flower honeys. [12] Additionally, Trinh et al. (2022) discovered seven phenolic acids, caffeine, and trigonelline in coffee blossom honey collected from various areas in Dak Lak province, with concentrations varying by location. ...
... [11] Similarly, Jantakee et al. (2015) found that coffee blossom honey, with higher total polyphenol content, exhibited greater DPPH radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities compared to longan and lychee flower honeys. [12] Additionally, Trinh et al. (2022) discovered seven phenolic acids, caffeine, and trigonelline in coffee blossom honey collected from various areas in Dak Lak province, with concentrations varying by location. [13] Despite these findings, there is still limited information available on coffee honey in Dak Lak province. ...
... [14] These findings align closely with results reported in previous studies. [12,[14][15] However, variations were observed in the free acidity of different honey samples, which were found to be influenced by the collection location and flower type (Table 1). ...
Robusta coffee blossom honey stands as a key regional product in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Despite its significance, there exists a dearth of scientific data for assessing its quality. This study aims to fill this gap by characterizing the physicochemical properties and biological activities of coffee blossom honeys from three distinct sub‐regions within Dak Lak province, Vietnam. These activities include ferric reducing power (FRP), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, as well as tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Moreover, the study compares these honey samples with other popular varieties in Vietnam, such as Lychee and Longan honeys. The physicochemical parameters of the honey samples meet the standards set by Codex Alimentarius 2001. Through UPLC analysis, eleven compounds were identified, with caffeine serving as a marker for coffee honey. Furthermore, by employing multiple factor analysis (MFA), it was observed that certain physicochemical properties correlate positively with tyrosinase inhibitory, DPPH, ABTS free radicals scavenging activities, and FRP. Notably, tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibited a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the high quality of Coffea robusta honey, showcasing its potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
... Considering that kojic acid, with 0.05 mM, gave rise to an inhibitory activity of about 46%, it is evident that the types of honey studied, except indigo, could exhibit a similar inhibitory strength to kojic acid (astragalus honey) or more than 1.5 times stronger (sainfoin honey). The IC 50 values found in our work indicate that, in many ways, the tyrosinase-inhibitory action was also superior to that exhibited by Citrus honey [35] and other types of Thai honey, such as that obtained from coffee [90]. ...
Honey can beneficially act against different human diseases, helping our body to improve its health. The aim of the present study was first to increase knowledge of some biochemical characteristics (amount and composition of polyphenols and volatile organic compounds, vitamin C content) of five Italian legume honeys (alfalfa, astragalus, carob, indigo, and sainfoin). Furthermore, we evaluated their potential health properties by studying their antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities and in vitro inhibitory effects on three enzymes involved in neurodegenerative diseases (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Alfalfa honey showed the highest total polyphenol content (TPC) (408 μg g⁻¹ of product). Indigo honey showed the lowest TPC (110 μg g⁻¹ of product). The antioxidant activity was noteworthy, especially in the case of sainfoin honey (IC50 = 6.08 mg), which also exhibited excellent inhibitory action against butyrylcholinesterase (74%). Finally, the correlation between the biochemical and functional results allowed us to identify classes of molecules, or even single molecules, present in these five honeys, which are capable of influencing the properties indicated above.
... For antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was performed according to Jantakee and Tragoolpua (2015) by adding 20 μL of honey samples at different concentrations (0.062-1 μ g/mL) was mixed with 180 μL of 0.2 mM DPPH radical solution in metha-nol. The mixtures were incubated in the dark at room temperature for 30 minutes. ...
... The anti-tyrosinase activity was determined using the dopachrome micro-plate [61]. The ethanolic extract of CS was diluted with 50% (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide. ...
Zea mays L. Poaceae stigma (corn silk, CS) is a byproduct of agricultural waste and is used as a traditional herb in many countries. CS is rich in chemical compounds known to benefit human health and is also a remedy for infectious diseases and has anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cell lines. In the present study, CS extract has been evaluated for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-tyrosinase activities and its phytochemical composition. The higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the ethanolic extract of corn silk (CSA), at 28.27 ± 0.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 4.71 ± 0.79 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant content of CSA was found at 5.22 ± 0.87 and 13.20 ± 0.42 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract using DPPH and reducing power assays. Furthermore, the ethanolic extract of corn silk showed tyrosinase inhibition with an IC50 value of 12.45 µg/mL. The bacterial growth inhibition of CSA was tested using agar disc diffusion and broth dilution assays against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was found that CSA inhibited C. acnes and S. epidermidis with an inhibition zone of 11.7 ± 1.2 and 9.3 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Moreover, the CSA showed MIC/MBC of 15.625 mg/mL against C. acnes. The following phytochemical compounds were detected in CSA: cardiac glycosides; n-hexadecanoic acid; hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; oleic acid; and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester. After the corn silk cream product was formulated, the product demonstrated stability without phase separation. This research is beneficial for promoting effective ways to use agricultural waste while utilizing the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities of corn silk. Moreover, the use of technology and innovation to obtain high-value CS extract will benefit the development of commercial cosmetic products by providing safe, natural, and quality ingredients to the consumer.
... The disparities in phytochemicals of the particular honey floras and environmental origin could bring variation in antioxidant properties. Similarly, differences in antioxidant activities of different honeys based on floral and environmental origin and seasonal factors are well testified [31,32]. Table 4. ...
The antioxidant properties of natural honey primarily rely on the floral origin from which nectar is collected by bees. Thus, the current activity evaluated the antioxidant properties of honey based on its floral type. The honey floral origin was verified by the melissopalynological technique. Antioxidant properties were determined by using standard procedures and analyzed by SAS. Six unifloral honey types with their harvesting month were identified. Accordingly, Guizotia (74% of pollen frequency), Coffea arabica (68%), Vernonia (90%), Croton macrostachyus (64%), Schefflera abyssinica (100%), and Eucalyptus (100%) were cropped in November, February, February, May, April, and June separately. Statistically, a variation ( p < 0.05 ) in antioxidant parameters was displayed between unifloral honeys. Vernonia honey exhibited the maximum total phenol ( 77.2 ± 0.7 ), total flavonoid ( 65.0 ± 3.8 ), and total antioxidant content ( 65.4 ± 0.3 ). On the other hand, S. abyssinica honey recorded the least total phenol content ( 24.1 ± 0.4 ), total flavonoid content ( 18.6 ± 2.7 ), and total antioxidant content ( 5.6 ± 0.5 ). Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between all the tested antioxidant parameters. Thus, the current study indicated that all the tested Ethiopian unifloral honey had good sources of antioxidants with the most Vernonia honey followed by C. macrostachyus whereas S. abyssinica honey had the least followed by Eucalyptus.
... Shenoy et al. (2012) have also reported that honey at 50% (w/v) could eliminate P. aeruginosa strains within 24 hours. According to Molan (1992), the bactericidal eff ect of honey varies from several to 40 hours; it depends on the duration of incubation, the concentration of honey, and the tested bacteria [41][42][43]. ...
Objective. Honey is an extremely promising agent in the treatment of infected wounds of burned patients. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 14 Algerian honey samples in comparison to Manuka honey towards pathogenic bacteria isolated from burn wound infections. Methods. The antibacterial effect of 14 Algerian honey samples and the Manuka honey was assessed against six multidrug-resistant bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Well agar diffusion, microdilution broth assay, and time-kill assay were used to evaluate the effects of honey samples on the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Results. The results obtained show that all tested honey samples have good antibacterial effects and there is no significant difference between Algerian honey samples and Manuka honey, except honey samples H12 and H13. The Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to honey samples than Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory diameters were between 14 to 38 mm for Gram-positive bacteria and from 8 to 28 mm for Gram-negative bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration of Algerian honey was between 5 and 80% (v/v) and minimal bactericidal concentration was between 10 and 80 % (v/v). However, the minimal inhibitory concentration of Manuka honey was between 5 and 40% (v/v) and minimal bactericidal concentration was between 10 and 80% (v/v). The MBC/MIC ratio was from 1 to 2, which proves that both Algeria honeys and Manuka honey have a bactericidal effect rather than a bacteriostatic effect. A time-kill assay showed that the inhibition effect of honey samples started after the first 3 hours of incubation. Honey samples 3 and 7 inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. saprophyticus in 15 hours; however, they inhibited the growth of the other pathogenic bacteria in 18 hours. Conclusions. This study proposes honey as an extremely promising treatment against multidrug-resistant bacteria from burn infections.
... This is not unconnected with the availability of several works on bee pollen and honey. Among the published works on bee pollen are Graikou et al. (2011), Komosinska-Vassev et al. (2015), and Saral et al. (2020) while several works also abound in literature on honey among which are Omojasola (2002), Souza et al. (2006), Olaitan et al. (2007), Sajwani et al. (2007), Agbagwa and Frank-Peterside (2010), Agunbiade et al. (2012), Jantakee and Tragoolpua (2015), Adeonipekun et al. (2016), Ajibola (2016) and Gela et al. (2021). As abundant as these works are, they have not properly situated the great importance of pollen in terms of its nutritional and pharmaceutical contributions to honey. ...
... This is usually not the case in honey antibacterial evaluation. Honey commonly shows higher antibacterial activity at lower concentration due to the dilution that lead to the production of hydrogen peroxide known to be bactericidal (Molan, 1992(Molan, , 2006Jantakee and Tragoolpua, 2015;Ibegbulem et al., 2018). For all the tested plant extracts, it is important to state also that though majority are concentration dependent but M. indica n-hexane and D.ether extracts and D. regia aqueous and n-hexane extracts' actions against B. subtilis as well as D.regia aqueous extract action against P. aeruginosa are not concentration dependent. ...
Pharmacology Proximate, phytochemical, and antimicrobial evaluation of flowers of Mangifera indica L., stamens of Terminalia catappa L., and anther of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. It is important to assess the medicinal and nutritional values of specific pollen grains particularly those found in abundance in honey to identify their specific bioactive components. To achieve this, the stamens of Termi-nalia catappa and flowers of Mangifera indica with pollen common in honey as well as uncommon pollen of Delonix regia were subjected to proximate, phytochemical, and antimicrobial analyses using four different solvents. The extracts were screened against human and plant pathogens at 100 and 200 mg/ml concentrations using disc diffusion method. Proximate analysis revealed that M. indica recorded the highest carbohydrates (38.66 §0.41%) and crude fat contents (19.50 §1.06%), T. catappa recorded the highest proteins (21.33 § 0.62%) and moisture contents (31.50 §0.25%) while D. regia recorded the highest crude fibre (30.78 §0.07%). The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, anthraqui-nones, cardiac glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. N-hexane extract proved to be the best solvent for M. indica, aqueous extract was best for T. catappa while methanol was best for D. regia. The aqueous extract of T. catappa recorded the best bacterial inhibition followed by N-hexane extract of the same plant. Their high values are higher than Ciprofloxacin. Pollen extracts of D. regia however recorded the lowest bacterial inhibition across all solvents. Conversely, fungal inhibition was best by D. regia pollen extracts though at lower concentrations than the standard Clotrimazole. With their abundant availability, the tested pollen are here recommended for further evaluation for use in the food industry and for pharmacological consideration upon isolation of target bioactive compounds.
