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Voucher specimen of Colostethus latinasus (CH 6400, MVUP 2342), adult male. A) ventral view; B) dorsal view.
Source publication
We conducted a molecular assessment of Colostethus-like frogs along an elevational gradient in the Serranía de Pirre, above Santa Cruz de Cana, eastern Panama, aiming to establish their species identity and to determine the altitudinal distribution of C. latinasus. Our findings confirm the view of C. latinasus as an endemic species restricted to th...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... male (29.40 mm in SVL, preserved as a voucher specimen CH 6400 in the Círculo Herpetológico de Panamá collection (later deposited in the Museo de Vertebrados de la Universidad de Panamá as MVUP 2342, Fig. 3) and other calling males were recorded at an air temperature of approximately 23°C. The digital audio file of advertisement calls of male MVUP 2342 can be heard online at http://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/bioinformatics/dfm/ metas/view/48934. Additional males were recorded at an air temperature of 19°C. COI was sequenced for the same ...
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Citations
... Due to the isolation between the mountain ranges, these sites present numerous endemic species (Bermúdez et al. 2000;ANAM 2010). Cerro Pirre has been considered to harbor a high level of endemism, as it includes many endemic plant species (Luteyn 1976;Croat 1986bCroat , 1997Rojas-Alvarado 2002;Zhu and Croat 2004;Kolanowska et al. 2012;Monro 2012;Croat et al. 2017b;TROPICOS 2018) and endemic animals (Wake et al. 1970;Robbins et al. 1985;Stattersfield et al. 1998;Angehr et al. 2003;Batista et al. 2014;Hruska et al. 2016;Ibáñez et al. 2017;Renjifo et al. 2017). ...
Ninety-four species belonging to 12 genera of Araceae are recorded on Cerro Pirre (Darién Province): Adelonema Schott (two); Anthurium Schott (39), Chlorospatha Engl. (2), Dieffenbachia Schott (3); Heteropsis Kunth (1); Monstera Adans. (6); Philodendron Schott (28), Rhodospatha Poepp. (2); Spathiphyllum Schott (2); Stenospermation Schott (3); Syngonium Schott (4) and Xanthosoma Schott (2). Taxonomic notes, identification key and comments on habitat and ecology of the species are presented.
... Santos et al. (2009) did not challenge or even mention Grant et al.'s (2006) conclusion and did not analyze or discuss the sequences generated by Grant et al. (2006), despite their similarity (e.g., as assessed by BLAST) to the sequences they reported as C. latinasus. Recently, DNA sequences of C. latinasus were published by Ibáñez et al. (2017), which allowed us to test the relationships of that species (see Other ingroup relationships: Genera, above). Santos et al. (2009) took special exception to the recognition of the inclusive clade of "dendrobatid frogs" (sensu Grant et al., 2006) as Dendrobatoidea, comprising two families, each with three subfamilies. ...
... Terminals labelled "Colostethus 'latinasus'" are conspecific with C. sp. pratti-like ofGrant et al. (2006; see alsoIbáñez et al., 2017) but were incorrectly identified as C. latinasus bySantos et al. (2009). SeeGrant et al. (2006: 135) regarding the terminal labeled as "Ameerega sp. ...
Despite the impressive growth of knowledge on the phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Dendrobatoidea) over the past decade, many problems remain to be addressed. We analyzed up to 189 phenomic characters (morphology, behavior, defensive chemicals) and 15 mitochondrial and nuclear loci scored for 564 dendrobatoid and outgroup terminals, including 76 newly sequenced terminals and > 20 previously unanalyzed species, using tree-alignment and the parsimony optimality criterion in the program POY v.5.1.1 and additional analyses of the implied alignment using TNT v.1.5. Even though data coverage was highly heterogeneous, the strict consensus of 639 optimal trees is highly resolved and we detected only one instance of wildcard behavior involving a small clade of outgroup species. The monophyly of the median lingual process (MLP) possessing genus Anomaloglossus is decisively refuted, with the cis-Andean species being sister to Rheobates within Aromobatidae and the trans-Andean species nested within Hyloxalinae, implying two independent origins of the structure in Dendrobatoidea. Although this result was unexpected, it is not surprising given that the MLP evolved at least five times in Asian and African ranoids, including Arthroleptidae, Dicroglossidae, Mantellidae, and Rhacophoridae and either once in the most recent common ancestor of the massive clade Victoranura followed by independent losses or multiple times within component lineages. We restrict Anomaloglossus to the cis-Andean MLP-possessing species, describe a new genus for the trans-Andean MLP-possessing species, and resurrect Paruwrobates for its sister group, which includes Dendrobates andinus (formerly Ameerega), D. erythromos (formerly Hyloxalus and, until recently, Ameerega), and Prostherapis whymperi (formerly Hyloxalus). We also transfer Dendrobates maculatus from Ameerega to Epipedobates, making Ameerega an exclusively cis-Andean group. We describe two new species of the trans-Andean MLP-possessing genus-one from Cerro Tacarcuna, near the Colombo-Panamanian border, and the other from 800-900 m elevation on the western versant of the Colombian Cordillera Occidental (Cauca Department)-bringing the total number of species in the genus to seven. The discrete, round, white to yellowish-brown dots found on the venter of the new species from Cerro Tacarcuna and at least one other trans-Andean MLP-possessing species are formed by large, ellipsoid, densely distributed (up to 80 glands/mm²) granular glands. Although specimens of the new species from Cerro Tacarcuna exuded a noxious milky substance when handled, lipophilic alkaloids were not detected. In addition to the unexpected placement of the trans-Andean MLP-possessing species, major findings include the unexpected placement of Colostethus ruthveni and its undescribed sister species (the "C." ruthveni group) within Dendrobatinae as sister of the newly recognized tribe Dendrobatini (all dendrobatines except Phyllobates and the "C." ruthveni group). We describe a new genus for C. argyrogaster and C. fugax to remedy the paraphyly of Colostethus caused by the placement of those species as sister to Ameerega. Our evidence rejects the sister group relationship of Dendrobates + Oophaga in favor of Dendrobates + Adelphobates, which is consistent with their uniquely low diploid chromosome number of 2n = 18 (2n = 20 in Oophaga). With the exception of Anomaloglossus and Colostethus, all other genera are monophyletic. We recognize several monophyletic species groups-including the Atlantic Forest, trans-Andean, and 22-chromosome groups within Allobates, the An. stepheni, An. megacephalus, and An. beebei groups in Anomaloglossus, the C. latinasus (formed by the C. inguinalis and C. latinasus clades) and C. fraterdanieli groups within Colostethus, and the Am. braccata and Am. rubriventris groups within Ameerega-identify unambiguously optimized phenomic synapomorphies, and summarize patterns in the evolution of the diploid chromosome number, swelling of Finger IV in males, relative length of Fingers II and III, length of Finger V, and testicular and intestinal pigmentation. Finally, we address criticisms of the current taxonomy of Neotropical poison frogs and their relatives, concluding that they are either overstated, misguided, or false, and that the current system of names better communicates knowledge of the diversity of these frogs. Our results highlight the importance of increased taxon sampling, and we conclude by identifying key species to include in future phylogenetic analyses.
Vocalizations are one of the most important communication modalities in amphibian biology, and advertisement call is the type of vocalization mostly emitted by anurans (frogs and toads). In the present study, we carried out a scientometric analysis of the advertisement call in species of anurans in Colombia to determine the state of knowledge of this science in the country. We recorded the number of call descriptions and its trend throughout more than 60 years; in addition, we identified how many species there are with the call described per taxonomic family, geographic units and threat status. According to our review, between 1958 and June 30 of 2021, at least 296 studies have been published that describe the advertisement call of 307 species (of 785 in the country); only 130 descriptions come from recordings to individuals in Colombian populations. Leptodactylidae and Hylidae are the families with the highest percentage of species whose call has been described (84.6% and 68.4%, respectively). On the contrary, Bufonidae (19.5%) and Craugastoridae (12.9%) exhibit a low percentage of described calls. The Central and Eastern cordilleras were the regions with the best knowledge of advertisement calls, while the least known were the Caribbean – interAndean valleys, Orinoquía, and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In terms of the threat status, the species with the least concern (LC) were the ones that presented the highest number of species with the call described. Despite an increase in the most recent two decades, our findings still reveal notable gaps in knowledge of the advertisement calls in Colombian anurans, which constitutes an incentive to develop future research on this subject. Finally, based on this meta-analysis, we highlight some recommendations that we hope that we hope stimulate new studies in ecoacoustics, using anurans in Colombia as a study model.
