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Internet of Things (IoT) as per estimated will connect
50 billion devices by 2020. Since its evolution, IoT technology
provides lots of flexibility to develop and implement any application.
Most of the application improves the human living standard
and also makes life easy to access and monitoring the things in
real time. Though there exist some se...
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... In the realm of the IoT, numerous devices and systems are vulnerable to compromise, resulting in diminished trust. To counteract this, a significant trend in traditional IoT research, as illustrated in papers [116][117][118], has been the integration of IoT with blockchain technology to mitigate trust issues. Focusing on the agricultural and pastoral sectors, paper [119] presents an innovative approach, harnessing both blockchain and IoT technologies, to address trust challenges associated with IoT data sharing in agriculture. ...
... By utilizing blockchain technology, significant improvements in trust and security have been achieved in agricultural IoT data sharing. [116][117][118] Addressed the trust concerns arising from potential harm to IoT devices and systems and examined how merging IoT technology with blockchain technology can resolve this issue. ...
... Additionally, frameworks proposed in [114,115,119] combine blockchain's immutability with IoT's real-time monitoring capabilities, paving the way for new management models that enhance risk management and traceability. Furthermore, research [117,118] demonstrates that integrating IoT with blockchain creates a trackable, closed-loop system capable of quickly detecting and responding to security threats, ensuring higher levels of trust and security in agricultural operations. ...
In the area of agriculture and livestock management, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a groundbreaking strategy to enhance operational efficiency and advance intelligent process management. However, this sector faces significant challenges, including ambiguity in product origins and limited regulatory oversight of IoT devices. This paper explores the innovative integration of blockchain technology within the agricultural and livestock IoT, highlighting how this convergence significantly enhances operational security and transparency. We provide an in-depth review of the latest applications and advancements of blockchain in these domains, offering a comprehensive analysis of the current state of technology and its implications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential future development trajectories in agricultural and livestock IoT, emphasizing blockchain’s role in addressing current challenges and shaping future innovations. The findings suggest that blockchain technology not only improves data security and trustworthiness but also opens new avenues for efficient and transparent management in agriculture and animal husbandry.
... Using machine learning, Jayasingh et al. [15] have completed the intelligent weather forecast. Using a block chain, Mohanta et al. [16] have described the trustworthy administration of decentralized Internet of Things applications. The use of hybrid soft computing models for weather prediction has been proven by Jayasingh et al. [17]. ...
Fire outbreak is a common issue which is occurring worldwide, causing significant damage to both nature and human life. Recently, vision-based fire detection systems have gained popularity over traditional sensor-based systems. However, the detection process using image processing techniques can be tedious. In the current study, we propose a technique for fire detection that utilizes optimal convolution neural networks (OPCNN) to achieve highly accurate detection of fire images in forest. The result of proposed model is compared with two other models: CNN and J48. The proposed model performs better than these models. The proposed algorithm was trained using a dataset consisting of 755 images of fire and 244 images of non-fire, for a total of 999 images. These images were obtained from Kaggle data set. We resized and reshaped 1380 of these images for use in training and 460 images for testing. The model was trained using convolution, activation functions, and max pooling operations with different batch sizes and epoch values. The resulting model achieved an accuracy of 95.11%, with 432 out of 460 images predicted correctly. The proposed approach thus provides a highly accurate and efficient method to detect forest fire accurately for a sustainable safety world. The proposed work provides a new direction towards accurate and early detection of fire not only in forest but also in case of agriculture field, rural, urban, and many more areas.
... Implement patch transmission incentives by deploying smart contracts on the blockchain. [123] To deal with the authentication and user trust issues in the IoTa system. ...
... In response to the problem of identity verification and user trust in the IoT system, Mohanta et al. [123] prove that the application of blockchain technology can track, identify and verify user information at any time in a decentralized manner. With the help of blockchain technology and smart contracts, trust in IoT applications can be established between all entities. ...
The virtual world created by the development of the Internet, computers, artificial intelligence (AI), and hardware technologies have brought various degrees of digital transformation to people’s lives. With multiple demands for virtual reality increasing, the metaverse, a new type of social ecology that can connect the physical and virtual worlds, is booming. However, with the rapid growth of data volume and value, the continuous evolution of the metaverse faces the demands and challenges of privacy, security, high synchronization, and low latency. Fortunately, the ever-evolving blockchain and intelligent networking technologies can be used to satisfy the trusted construction, continuous data interaction, and computing demands of the metaverse. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth review of the role and gains of blockchain, intelligent networking, and the combination of both in providing the immersive experiences of the metaverse. In this survey, we first discuss the development trend, characteristics, and architecture of the metaverse. Then, the existing work on blockchain, networking, and the combination of the two technologies are reviewed, including overviews, applications, and challenges. Next, applications of the metaverse are summarized, emphasizing the importance of the metaverse and the fields of development. Finally, we discuss some open issues, challenges, and future research directions.
... A decentralized Blockchain-based implementation of the Insurance sector is presented in (Mohanta et al., 2019a)in which Ethereum based smart contract mechanism is used for proof of work(PoW). This paper also specifies that how we can use Blockchain technology-based decentralized system over a centralized system to overcome security flaws in IoT applications like supply chains, smart cities, smart health care systems. ...
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a technology where computing devices are connected and form a network. IoT faces many security and privacy issues due to less computation power, heterogeneity, and limited resources available with its devices. Data is transferred among these devices with little or no human interaction. Data Confidentiality and Integrity are very critical parameters and can be achieved by securely sharing information in IoT scenarios. Managing and maintaining trust in exchanging information over IoT becomes very significant. Recent researches have focused on the applications of Blockchain technology for assuring trust management in IoT networks. Blockchain provides completely distinct and more secure approaches. This survey paper aims to illustrate the significance of integrating Blockchain technology in the IoT environment to ensure trust among IoT devices. Particularly, first we give an overview and security aspects of IoT and Blockchain technologies. Then we trace out some important challenges and issues of trusted IoT with potential solutions by Blockchain. Following this, we highlight some complications in the integration of Blockchain with IoT. Finally, we present a comparative analysis between traditional and Blockchain-based trust management techniques as proof of work to represent the significance of Blockchain in ensuring trust.
... Literature on different security approaches that have been considered for BIoT applications.Ding et al.[116], Ali et al.[117] Access controlResearchers employed a blockchain-permissioned delegation approach to help control the access of data from IoT devices. This was to help protect the vital information from IoT devices.Mohanta et al.[118], Huh et al.[119], Xie et al.[120], Maw et al.[121] Trust assurance ...
Digitization and automation have engulfed every scope and sphere of life. Internet of Things (IoT) has been the main enabler of the revolution. There still exist challenges in IoT that need to be addressed such as the limited address space for the increasing number of devices when using IPv4 and IPv6 as well as key security issues such as vulnerable access control mechanisms. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has immense benefits such as enhanced security and traceability. Thus, blockchain can serve as a good foundation for applications based on transaction and interactions. IoT implementations and applications are by definition distributed. This means blockchain can help to solve most of the security vulnerabilities and traceability concerns of IoTs by using blockchain as a ledger that can keep track of how devices interact, in which state they are and how they transact with other IoT devices. IoT applications have been mainly implemented with technologies such as cloud and fog computing, and AI to help address some of its key challenges. The key implementation challenges and technical choices to consider in making a successful blockchain IoT (BIoT) project are clearly outlined in this paper. The security and privacy aspect of BIoT applications are also analyzed, and several relevant solutions to improve the scalability and throughput of such applications are proposed. The paper also reviews integration schemes and monitoring frameworks for BIoT applications. A hybrid blockchain IoT integration architecture that makes use of containerization is proposed.
... There are papers that give special emphasis to possible applications in the healthcare industry [92], drug supply chain [93] and e-voting [94]. The authors of [95] applied the decentralized blockchain technology with an Ethereum platform in IoT systems to deal with security and privacy challenges in the healthcare insurance sector. The results are proved by showing trust management, security, and privacy data. ...
The purpose of this review is to describe the landscape of scientific literature enriched by an author’s keyword analysis to develop and test blockchain’s capabilities for enhancing supply chain resilience in times of increased risk and uncertainty. This review adopts a dynamic quantitative bibliometric method called systematic literature network analysis (SLNA) to extract and analyze the papers. The procedure consists of two methods: a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric network analysis (BNA). This paper provides an important contribution to the literature in applying blockchain as a key component of cyber supply chain risk management (CSRM), manage and predict disruption risks that lead to resilience and robustness of the supply chain. This systematic review also sheds light on different research areas such as the potential of blockchain for privacy and security challenges, security of smart contracts, monitoring counterfeiting, and traceability database systems to ensure food safety and security.
... The architecture is implemented using Ethereum and helps to secure confidential data. In the article authored by [53], the paper discusses the importance of trust while integrating Blockchain and IoT. Here, the implementation is done using Ethereum Framework, and the decentralized network is laid between the patient, insurance provider, and hospital instead of a traditional centralized network. ...
Blockchain technology was introduced through Bitcoin in a 2008 whitepaper by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Since its inception, it has gathered great attention because of its unique properties—immutability and decentralized authority. This technology is now being implemented in various fields such as healthcare, IoT, data management, etc., apart from cryptocurrencies. As it is a newly emerging technology, researchers and organizations face many challenges in integrating this technology into other fields. Consent management is one of the essential processes in an organization because of the ever-evolving privacy laws, which are introduced to provide more control to users over their data. This paper is a systematic review of Blockchain’s application in the field of consent and privacy data management. The review discusses the adaptation of Blockchain in healthcare, IoT, identity management, and data storage. This analysis is formed on the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and a process of systematic mapping review. We provide analysis of the development, challenges, and limitations of blockchain technology for consent management.
... Trust problems can be improved, utilizing a decentralization concept [10]. Blockchain provides trust management between the P2P network [11]. IoT network model with a blockchain layer is shown in fig. 2. ...
IoT adds more flexibility in many areas of applications to makes it easy to monitor and manage data instantaneously. However, IoT has many challenges regarding its security and storage issues. Moreover, the third-party trusting agents of IoT devices do not support sufficient security level between the network peers. This paper proposes improving the trust, processing power, and storage capability of IoT in distributed system topology by adopting the blockchain approach. An application, IoT Trust Management (ITM), is proposed to manage the trust of the shared content through the blockchain network, e.g., supply chain. The essential key in ITM is the trust management of IoT devices data are done using peer to peer (P2P), i.e., no third-party. ITM is running on individual python nodes and interact with frontend applications creating decentralized applications (DApps). The IoT data shared and stored in a ledger, which has the IoT device published details and data. ITM provides a higher security level to the IoT data shared on the network, such as unparalleled security, speed, transparency, cost reduction, check data, and Adaptability.
... Lately, there has been significant number of research conducted Blockchain and Healthcare in a combined way and the studies can be used to remodel the traditional procedures like health record storage and exchange, end to end drug provenance and traceability, medical claim processing etc. (McGhin et al, 2019;Mohanta et al., 2019b). Now-a-days, easy access of health record as well as exchange of the same among various Healthcare Providers and Research Centres is being given more importance for better understanding of the clinical records. ...
The use of digital health records, stricter health laws and the growing need for health records exchange points towards the need for an efficient security and privacy preserving mechanism. For Health Insurance management systems, multiple entities exchange health information which is used for decision making. Since multiple authoritative entities are involved, a secure and efficient information sharing protocol is required as extremely sensitive health information is exchanged among the entities. Hence this paper aims to put forward a novel a decentralized authentication system based on Blockchain known as Insurance Claim Blockchain (ICBChain) system. The proposed system ensures privacy of patients, provides secure information exchange and authentication of entities. An implementation of the proposed system is provided using Ethereum Blockchain. The security and performance analysis of the system shows its potential to satisfy Healthcare security requirements and its efficiency respectively
... Özyılmaz and Yurdakul [18] used blockchain to build a decentralized IoT platform standardizing the way data transfers are handled among IoT devices. At the same time, Blockchain has been heavily used in combination with IoT to manage devices identity and data provenance, such as in [17], where blockchain is used to identify/authenticate IoT devices. Shi et al. [28] proposed triple-trusting architecture (SLTA), a framework for i) checking the collected data before injecting them in the digital world, ii) ensuring provenance of data, and iii) guaranteeing IoT identity and data authenticity. ...
Internet of Things (IoT) is composed of physical devices, communication networks, and services provided by edge systems and over-the-top applications. IoT connects billions of devices that collect data from the physical environment, which are pre-processed at the edge and then forwarded to processing services at the core of the infrastructure, on top of which cloud-based applications are built and provided to mobile end users. IoT comes with important advantages in terms of applications and added value for its users, making their world smarter and simpler. These advantages, however, are mitigated by the difficulty of guaranteeing IoT trustworthiness, which is still in its infancy. IoT trustworthiness is a must especially in critical domains (e.g., health, transportation) where humans become new components of an IoT system and their life is put at risk by system malfunctioning or breaches. In this article, we put forward the idea that trust in IoT can be boosted if and only if its automation and adaptation processes are based on trustworthy data. We therefore depart from a scenario that considers the quality of a single decision as the main goal of an IoT system and consider the trustworthiness of collected data as a fundamental requirement at the basis of a trustworthy IoT environment. We therefore define a methodology for data collection that filters untrusted data out according to trust rules evaluating the status of the devices collecting data and the collected data themselves. Our approach is based on blockchain and smart contracts and collects data whose trustworthiness and integrity are proven over time. The methodology balances trustworthiness and privacy and is experimentally evaluated in real-world and simulated scenarios using Hyperledger fabric blockchain.
