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Information and communication technologies have found their application in the healthcare sector, including the frameworks of modern dentistry. CAD / CAM application in dentistry is the process by which is attained finished dental restoration through fine milling process of ready ceramic blocks. CAD / CAM is an acronym of english words Computer-Aid...
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Context 1
... on the defect in the teeth, these materials may be used for making crowns and bridges, dental veneers, but also for special fillings. All of these restorations are produced in laboratories for dental technology, equipped with CAD-CAM technology (computer), what guarantee outstanding precision and aesthetics, as shown in Figure 2. ...
Citations
... Furthermore, software compatibility issues may arise, and practitioners need to stay updated with evolving technology to maximize benefits. [8][9][10] Future Prospectives: The future of intraoral scanners looks promising, with advances in technology expected to enhance their capabilities and integration into dental practices. As scanning resolution improves, the accuracy of digital impressions will increase, leading to better treatment outcomes. ...
Intraoral scanners (IOS) have revolutionized the field of dentistry by providing digital impressions with enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and patient comfort. This comprehensive review explores the evolution, technology, applications, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives of intraoral scanning. Emphasizing their role in restorative dentistry, orthodontics, and periodontal assessments, the paper discusses the comparative advantages over traditional impressions, including reduced chair time and minimized patient discomfort. Additionally, the review addresses limitations such as cost, technology adoption barriers, and the learning curve for practitioners. The findings underscore IOS's transformative potential in modern dental practice, paving the way for further innovations and improved patient outcomes.
... Particularly, computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology has had a major impact on the digital fabrication of dental prostheses by enabling the generation of three-dimensional (3D) models and the implemen-The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics tation of such models using computer numerical control machine tools. 1 In comparison to conventional manual techniques, CAD-CAM technology is superior in the fabrication of dental prostheses with respect to speed and convenience, allowing for a more planned and precise fabrication process. 2 Digital scanning methods for CAD-CAM technology can be classified as direct (using an intraoral scanner) and indirect (scanning a master cast made using the traditional impression method). 3 In the direct method, errors during the intraoral scanning stage can result in a poor fit of the definitive prosthesis. ...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of an alternative scan path with that of traditional scan paths to obtain a more accurate method for complete arch scans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A mandibular stone cast, including tooth preparations for the inlay, crown, and fixed prosthesis, was scanned 10 times using four different scan paths (A, B, C, and D). The scans were converted into stereolithography files, resized, and superimposed onto a control file obtained from a desktop scanner. The scan time, total surface deviation, and local deviation of the mandibular teeth were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = .05). The relative standard deviation and standard error of the mean were calculated to evaluate accuracy.
RESULTS
The total surface deviation differed significantly according to the scanning path despite a similar scan time. Path D had the highest accuracy and the most uniform color maps, showing minimal deformation of the digital model. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in the local deviations in the individual tooth assessments, likely owing to issues with the superimposition method.
CONCLUSION
Among all scan paths, the scan path with the shortest distance from the starting point to the end point showed the smallest total surface deviation and the highest accuracy. No differences were observed in the deviations of specific teeth based on the scan path.
... CAD/CAM technology offered highly accurate milled laminate veneer restorations with enhanced precision. Meanwhile, it reduced chair side time, offering a more comfortable experience for the patient [19]. ...
Objective: To evaluate the shade match, marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction of VITA ENAMIC multiColor anterior laminate veneers and compare it to that of IPS e.max CAD. Material and Methods: A total of twenty-two laminate veneers were fabricated from IPS e.max CAD and VITA ENAMIC multiColor in the anterior zone, eleven veneers for each group. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups according to the restorative material. Group EX (control group) eleven IPS e.max CAD veneers and Group EMC (intervention group) eleven VITA ENAMIC multiColor veneers. Shade match and marginal adaptation was assessed using modified USPHS criteria and patient satisfaction was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS), immediately after cementation. Data were analyzed using CHI- square test. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of shade matching, marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: IPS e.max CAD and VITA ENAMIC multiColor veneers provided a successful clinical performance in terms of shade match, marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction. KEYWORDS CAD-CAM; Ceramics; Color perception; Hybrid; Lithium disilicate.
... Dental CAD/CAM systems depend on three essential components; a scanner (computer-aided inspection (CAI)), a digital design program, and a manufacturing device (Uzun, 2008). Scanners digitize spatial data by capturing tooth preparation data, surrounding hard and soft tissues, and occlusion, either directly in the oral cavity or indirectly by scanning a conventional impression or poured cast (Susic, Travar & Susic, 2017;Watanabe, Fellows & An, 2022). Direct scanning, however, has a higher risk of error in cases of full arch or large area scanning due to the need for multiple images (Güth et al., 2017). ...
... Lastly, CAD/CAM central machining networks that outsource dental lab work online. These networks are advantageous for designing and creating high-strength ceramic frameworks that have highly specialized requirements (Alghazzawi, 2016;Jain et al., 2016;Susic, Travar & Susic, 2017). Digital fabrication of dental restorations can either be subtractive (milling) or additive (3D printing). ...
... Dental CAD/CAM technology is also used to produce maxillofacial prostheses (Susic, Travar & Susic, 2017). This technology has made it possible to digitally design these prostheses. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly prevalent in biomedical and industrial development, capturing the interest of dental professionals and patients. Its potential to improve the accuracy and speed of dental procedures is set to revolutionize dental care. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) within the restorative dental and material science fields offers numerous benefits, providing a new dimension to these practices. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the implementation of AI-powered technologies in CAD/CAM restorative dental procedures and materials. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords from 2000 to 2023 to obtain pertinent information. This method was implemented to guarantee a thorough investigation of the subject matter. Keywords included; “Artificial Intelligence”, “Machine Learning”, “Neural Networks”, “Virtual Reality”, “Digital Dentistry”, “CAD/CAM”, and “Restorative Dentistry”. Artificial intelligence in digital restorative dentistry has proven to be highly beneficial in various dental CAD/CAM applications. It helps in automating and incorporating esthetic factors, occlusal schemes, and previous practitioners' CAD choices in fabricating dental restorations. AI can also predict the debonding risk of CAD/CAM restorations and the compositional effects on the mechanical properties of its materials. Continuous enhancements are being made to overcome its limitations and open new possibilities for future developments in this field.
... CAD/CAM technique essentially creates a two-dimensional and threedimensional model and their materialization by numerically controlled mechanics. It has replaced the time-consuming and laborious process of conventional casting and reduced the human error component in final prosthesis [19]. Diagnosis and treatment planning can be done by analysis of radiographs and photographs by intraoral scanners and cameras [1,20]. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fields of technology that is expanding tremendously in a short span of time. AI in the healthcare sector is evolving and has a promising future. Key applications in dentistry include patient care, diagnostics and treatment guiding, and administrative tasks. As a result, this AI system enables dentists to become acquainted with this cutting-edge technology, as dentistry will soon combine artificial intelligence and dentistry in an incredible way. The need for accurate patient records, and dependable robotic surgery treatment has increased the use of these software technologies in helping dentists diagnose and treat patients in a way that is both satisfying and practical. This chapter aims to highlight the role of artificial intelligence in dentistry, yet technical advancements like this are still in their early stages.
... Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation is a procedure that restores function and aesthetics. The associated aesthetic and psychological issues demand that high-quality prosthetic restoration be a part of the whole treatment [45]. Prior to CAD/CAM technology, skilled hand-carving of a wax cast was necessary for prosthetic facial reconstruction. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) are computer, machine, and engineering systems that mimic human intelligence to devise procedures. These technologies also provide opportunities to advance diagnostics and planning in human medicine and dentistry. The purpose of this literature review was to ascertain the applicability and significance of AI and to highlight its uses in maxillofacial surgery. Our primary inclusion criterion was an original paper written in English focusing on the use of AI, DL, or ML in maxillofacial surgery. The sources were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the queries were made on the 31 December 2023. The search strings used were “artificial intelligence maxillofacial surgery”, “machine learning maxillofacial surgery”, and “deep learning maxillofacial surgery”. Following the removal of duplicates, the remaining search results were screened by three independent operators to minimize the risk of bias. A total of 324 publications from 1992 to 2023 were finally selected. These were calculated according to the year of publication with a continuous increase (excluding 2012 and 2013) and R² = 0.9295. Generally, in orthognathic dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, AI and ML have gained popularity over the past few decades. When we included the keywords “planning in maxillofacial surgery” and “planning in orthognathic surgery”, the number significantly increased to 7535 publications. The first publication appeared in 1965, with an increasing trend (excluding 2014–2018), with an R² value of 0.8642. These technologies have been found to be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning in head and neck surgical oncology, cosmetic and aesthetic surgery, and oral pathology. In orthognathic surgery, they have been utilized for diagnosis, treatment planning, assessment of treatment needs, and cephalometric analyses, among other applications. This review confirms that the current use of AI and ML in maxillofacial surgery is focused mainly on evaluating digital diagnostic methods, especially radiology, treatment plans, and postoperative results. However, as these technologies become integrated into maxillofacial surgery and robotic surgery in the head and neck region, it is expected that they will be gradually utilized to plan and comprehensively evaluate the success of maxillofacial surgeries.
... CAD/CAM technique essentially creates a two-dimensional and threedimensional model and their materialization by numerically controlled mechanics. It has replaced the time-consuming and laborious process of conventional casting and reduced the human error component in final prosthesis [19]. Diagnosis and treatment planning can be done by analysis of radiographs and photographs by intraoral scanners and cameras [1,20]. ...
... Advances in computer development have made digitalisation of the process and digital design possible. [49,50] Collaboration between medical professional, skilled computer engineer and AI program is still and should stay essential in the process. However, there are not only benefits but also potential liability risk of diagnostic and creative part of the job becoming too reliant on an AI system. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL) or machine learning (ML) is the ability of computer systems, machines and enginery to work devise procedures like humans. These technologies provide opportunities and possibilities to advance diagnostics and in planning also in the field of human medicine and dentistry. The purpose of this literature review was to ascertain the applicability and significance of AI, as well as to highlight its uses in maxillofacial surgery. The primary inclusion criterion for this publication was an original paper written in English focusing on the use of AI, DL or ML in maxillofacial surgery. The sources of information were PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and the queries were made on 31st of December 2023. The search strings used were “artificial intelligence maxillofacial surgery”, “machine learning maxillofacial surgery” and “deep learning maxillofacial surgery”. Following the removal of duplicates, all remaining publications that were returned by the searches and were screened by three independent operators to minimize the risk of bias. The analysis of publications from 1992 to 2023 identified certain records, of which 324 were finally selected. These were calculated according to the year of publication with a continuous increase (excluding 2012 and 2013) of R2 = 0.9295. Generally, in orthognathic dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, artificial intelligence and machine learning have gained popularity over the past few decades. When we included the keywords "planning in maxillofacial surgery" and "planning in orthognathic surgery", the set of published papers significantly increased to the number of 7535 publications. The first publication appeared in 1965, with an increasing trend (excluding 2014-2018), with an R2 value of 0.8642. These tools have been found useful for diagnosis, treatment planning in head and neck surgical oncology, cosmetic and aesthetic surgery, and in oral pathology. In orthognathic surgery, they have been utilised for diagnosis, treatment planning, assessment of treatment needs, cephalometric analyses, and orthognathic surgeries, among other applications. The review confirms that the current use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in maxillofacial surgery is focused mainly on the evaluation of digital diagnostic methods especially radiology, treatment plans and postoperative results. However, as these technologies are integrated in maxillofacial surgery and robotic surgery in head and neck region, it is expected that in the future they will be gradually utilized to plan and comprehensively evaluate the success of maxillofacial surgeries.
... The use of computers in dental therapy is a challenge for enthusiasts and visionaries who have developed an entirely new field: computerized dentistry. CAD/CAM systems represent the pinnacle of computer technology with many realized and potential applications in dentistry [4]. ...
Digital dentistry has been introduced for over 40 years, but their overspread use has become available in the last two decades, after year 2000. First to introduce it in dentistry was a dentist, but the widespread of the digital dentistry was carried out mostly by dental technicians. In Romania, digital dentistry had become available with state funding projects for the dental field. Objective The aim of the study was a broader assessment of the use of CAD/CAM systems in dental practices and dental technology laboratories. Materials and method. The study consisted in a survey based on a questionnaire, distributed in electronic form, applied to two branches of dentistry, respectively, for dentists and dental technicians. The study was attended by dentists and dental technicians, from the urban environment. Results were analyzed using statistical methods with Microsoft Excel. Results. The results of the present study showed a high degree of knowledge regarding CAD/CAM technology, as most of the participants were aware of the introduction and use of digital technology in dentistry. Majority of dental technicians have introduced and have worked with CAD_CAM systems, comparative with dentists, which only a third part worked usually with these technologies. Conclusions. Even though digital dentistry is a modern technology with advantages, there are still some concerns from dentists and technicians about the quality and costs of CAD/CAM restorations.
... Moreover, contemporary prostheses are now fabricated utilizing digital technologies, marking a significant advancement in their production. 16,17 The fabrication process of maxillofacial prostheses using CAD/CAM technology begins with imaging techniques that capture both the patient's soft and hard tissues. Subsequently, specialized software processes this data, converting it into a Rapid Prototyping (RP) model. ...
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