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Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a novel brand of transport that promises to replace private cars with multimodal personalised mobility packages enabled by a digital platform capable of integrating travel planning, booking and ticketing, and real-time information services. It is an intervention that through its digitisation, connectivity, informatio...
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... order to explain the concept of MaaS to our study participants and aid the interviewing process, a literature-infused infographic ( Fig. 1) was developed adopting key MaaS characteristics as presented in Jittrapirom et al. (2017) and Mulley (2017). Infographics provide an engaging visual display communication tool that offers to researchers the ability to present intense and sophisticated information on a certain subject in a more comprehensible manner (Dur, 2014). The ...
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... Despite the limited commercial success of MaaS schemes, transport scholars have disproportionately focused on this concept (Table 1). In particular, many studies have explored potential user behavior, adoption, and the anticipated uptake of MaaS (e.g., Alyavina, Nikitas, & Tchouamou Njoya, 2020;Chen, Lu, & Tsai, 2025;Hasselwander, Bigotte, Antunes, & Sigua, 2022a;Kriswardhana & Esztergár-Kiss, 2023). In contrast, transport super apps, a comparable concept originating from the global South that has already gained widespread adoption, have received significantly less academic attention. ...
Super apps are a recent phenomenon in the retail sector, seamlessly integrating mobility, delivery, payments, entertainment, and other services into a single platform. While super apps such as WeChat and Alipay are well-established in many Asian markets, their adoption in Western markets remains largely underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining consumer intentions to adopt transport super apps in Germany, where platforms like Uber and Bolt are beginning to introduce the super app concept. Combining Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), data from 575 potential users were analyzed. The results reveal that performance expectancy (PE), price value (PV), and habit (HA) significantly impact behavioral intentions to use transport super apps. Notably, PE and PV are necessary conditions for consumer adoption to manifest. Achieving the highest level of adoption intention requires meeting minimum threshold levels of 35.6% for PE and 12% for PV. Moreover, “app fatigue” was found to positively influence adoption, suggesting that super apps are perceived as convenient replacements for multiple single-purpose apps. The insights from this study highlight the importance of tailoring marketing strategies to emphasize transport super apps’ valued benefits for key target groups. This research contributes to the emerging literature on super apps, highlighting the need for sector-specific investigations across various super app categories.
... By making it easier to access shared vehicles like automobiles, bikes, and scooters, shared mobility platforms encourage resource optimization and lessen the need for individual ownership [92]. Although these platforms have drawbacks including logistical issues and lengthy travel times that necessitate careful planning, they also reduce emissions and improve user collaboration [93]. In order to promote multimodality and increase access to public transit through shared-use alternatives, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) unifies many forms of transportation onto a single platform [94][95][96]. ...
Rural areas in Italy and Europe, while vital to agriculture and tourism, face transport limitations that restrict access to essential services, education, and jobs, deepening socio-economic exclusion. Transport policies often prioritize urban centers, leaving rural areas underfunded and with inadequate options, making daily mobility and economic development challenging. This study examines good practices from different EU countries, using a holistic case study approach, combining a literature review and analysis of implemented projects. A more nuanced understanding of successful rural mobility solutions throughout Europe is supported by this mixed technique. This hybrid analytical approach facilitates the identification of effective good practices that produce innovation in social engagement and inclusivity. This study’s conclusions highlight the potential of customized mobility solutions with inclusivity at their heart to effectively solve the particular difficulties encountered by rural communities. In contrast to urban areas, which have diverse and well-developed transportation networks, rural populations frequently face a lack of mobility options. This study demonstrates how tailored strategies, like delivering services right to people’s doorsteps, repurposing pre-existing infrastructure, or providing volunteer rides that link an isolated population to other communities, can close accessibility gaps that have long kept these populations apart.
... MaaS can be viewed as a mobility concept that comprehensively provides access to a variety of mobility services to the users (Alyavina et al., 2020). Huang (2022) conceives MaaS as a concept that merges mobility modes while Utriainen and Pöllänen (2018) argue that MaaS does not only offer a combination of different mobility alternatives, but it goes further to offer circumstances with distinctively upgraded service levels that are characterised by low costs and efficiency. ...
... Unlike conventional mobility services, MaaS users are exceptional in nature. Actually, Alyavina et al. (2020) perceive MaaS as a synergistic fit to the prevailing lifestyles, emerging among young adults. Nonetheless, this raises a red flag, and thus suggests that public transport authorities still need to get involved in the issue of inclusive mobility for all people. ...
... Different research papers point out the relevance of social issues in mobility transformation. These include changes in the mobility preferences of the population, such as the reduction of individual car owners (Focas and Christidis, 2017;Jain et al., 2022), or increasing concerns about environmental values, which means sustainability should be included when choosing the type of transport (Alyavina et al., 2020, Arroyo et al., 2020. It is also recognized that mobility is influenced by the availability of information and data communication between transport means and the population. ...
The mobility of persons is changing due to technological innovation linked to autonomous and electric vehicles or to connectivity and data communication technologies. Furthermore, it is being conditioned by social behaviours. Qualitative research based on in-depth interviews with experts in mobility from three European countries is used to analyse the main trends that characterize the current transformation of mobility. Results show that the transformation towards the new autonomous, connected, shared and electric mobility is not only driven by technological development, but mainly by social conditionings such as environmental values, behavioural change or adaptability to users’ habits, and socio-demographic features of citizens to adopt servitization. These changes involve different impacts depending on the segment or niche of population, especially in terms of different age groups. The main conclusion of the research is that the new mobility can be considered a social challenge rather than a technological one.
... The prediction accuracy of the multinomial logit (MNL) model is higher than that of traditional aggregate model. When the category of dependent variables is three or above and there is no obvious primary and secondary order among dependent variables, the MNL model is more suitable and can obtain the correlation and influence between independent and dependent variables [24]. The utility function of the MNL model is defined as the quantitative relationship between the travel combination mode and the research factors, and the influencing factors of each travel combination mode are explained by a separate utility function. ...
... Researchers believe that MaaS provides individuals with attractive alternatives, increases their satisfaction, and encourages travelers to make more sustainable and responsible decisions. However, despite the positive aspects of MaaS, some scholars worry that its penetration may result in unsustainable travel behaviors [21]. Others argue that even if the potential of MaaS is confirmed, public participation is still necessary before it can create a more sustainable transportation system [22]. ...
The sustainable development of urban transportation is facing various challenges, including traffic congestion, increasing carbon emissions, and diversified travel demands. New concepts of mobility and business models are emerging to address these challenging conditions, such as mobility as a service (MaaS). As a new paradigm of travel services, users’ recognition, acceptance, and continuous use of MaaS are prerequisites for its survival and development. Hence, to ensure the successful implementation of MaaS, it is crucial to precisely identify the key factors influencing individuals’ willingness to use MaaS. In order to analyze the mechanisms that influence individuals’ willingness to use MaaS, this study first conceptualized a behavioral model by drawing on the modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the fundamental characteristics of MaaS. Based on the behavioral model, a structured questionnaire consisting of eight sections and thirty-three questions was designed and conducted online in Beijing, China. A total of 1260 valid questionnaire data were collected, and a descriptive analysis was conducted on the collected data, including the frequency distribution and intention to use MaaS based on the socioeconomic and mobility characteristics. Then, reliability and validity analyses were conducted on the questionnaire data using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient method and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method, respectively. Finally, the behavioral model was analyzed quantitatively using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that 77.62% of the respondents are willing to use MaaS after it is implemented, and 44.29% of them strongly agree to using it, while 2.06% of them strongly disagree to using it. Travel philosophy, travel preference, and perceived usefulness have positive impacts on individuals’ behavioral intention to use MaaS, while perceived usefulness exerts the greatest influence, with a coefficient of 0.364. Meanwhile, the latent variable of perceived risk has a significantly negative impact on behavioral intention, with a coefficient of −0.141. From the perspective of observed variables, convenience and efficiency are the most important factors affecting intention to use MaaS, while environment protection is the least influential factor. The results of this study can provide a decision-making basis for transportation planners, MaaS service providers, and policymakers, enhancing the level of sustainable development of urban transportation.
... The study found high interest, with perceived advantage and personal compatibility being significant factors. The issue of the multifaceted challenges of mobility as a service (MaaS) was thoroughly discussed by Alyavina et al. (2020) who identified key themes such as car dependence and trust. They argued that the success of MaaS depends on shifting attitudes away from private car ownership, a challenging task that requires promoting public transport and incentivizing responsible MaaS usage. ...
... An overarching process of thematic networks analysis (Attride-Stirling, 2001) was used, which focusses on explicit statements, implicit meanings, and encourages visualisation of coding to help organise and structure themes. As a general approach, thematic analysis has prevalent use in different areas of behavioural and psychology-related transportation research (e.g., Alyavina, Nikitas, & Tchouamou Njoya, 2020;Liu, Nikitas, & Parkinson, 2020;Merriman, Plant, Revell, & Stanton, 2021;Naweed, Bowditch, Trigg, & Unsworth, 2020;Naweed, Chapman, & Trigg, 2018;Naweed & Rainbird, 2015;Naweed & Rose, 2018;Oviedo-Trespalacios, Vaezipour, Truelove, Kaye, & King, 2020), including with motorcycles and/or ARAS (e.g., Kaye et al., 2024;McIlroy et al., 2021). As a extension of thematic analysis promoting visualisation, thematic networks analysis has been applied to various transport issues, including commuter experiences of traffic congestion (e.g., Celine Liya et al., 2024), built environment factors (Ferrer et al., 2015), and operations in tram driving (Naweed, Bowditch, Trigg, & Unsworth, 2022). ...
... The analysis technique used in this study was thematic analysis, where data obtained through interviews and observations were analyzed to identify the main themes that emerged related to the effectiveness of the training (Alyavina et al., 2020). This analysis included reviewing interview transcripts to find patterns related to changes in competency, improved team communication, and impacts on service quality. ...
The Effectiveness of Team-Based Training Programs in Hospitals aims to evaluate the effectiveness of team-based training programs in developing the competencies of health workers in hospitals. The research is based on the importance of collaboration between health professions to improve quality of care, but is often hampered by communication and coordination gaps. The research methodology involved systematically evaluating the training program qualitatively, measuring changes in trainees' competencies, and exploring participants' perceptions and experiences. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in developing health worker competencies, measure changes in participant competencies, explore participant perceptions and experiences, and provide recommendations for future program improvements. It is expected to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of team-based training programs and identify areas that require improvement. This will be used to improve future training programs, with the ultimate goal of improving health worker collaboration and the quality of health services for patients. The implications of this study include contributions to human resource development in healthcare and the promotion of a culture of collaboration between healthcare professionals. The research findings from the study on the Effectiveness of Team-Based Training Programs in Hospitals indicate several positive outcomes. First, participants reported improvements in communication, particularly in emergency situations, where teams responded more swiftly and effectively. The program also led to enhanced coordination between shifts, reducing errors in patient care and improving the overall quality of services provided
... Moreover, some users, like international travelers, may lack cellular internet plans, relying instead on alternative means to access the internet. In such scenarios, initiatives providing free internet access through public WiFi, possibly offered by municipal authorities, businesses, or private user groups, can effectively serve as a substitute for cellular connectivity [34]. ...
The expansion of smart cities, facilitated by digital communications, has resulted in an enhancement of the quality of life and satisfaction among residents. The Internet of Things (IoT) continually generates vast amounts of data, which is subsequently analyzed to offer services to residents. The growth and development of IoT have given rise to a new paradigm. A smart city possesses the ability to consistently monitor and utilize the physical environment, providing intelligent services such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and entertainment for both residents and visitors. Research on the security and privacy of smart cities is increasingly prevalent. These studies highlight the cybersecurity risks and the challenges faced by smart city infrastructure in handling and managing personal data. To effectively uphold individuals’ security and privacy, developers of smart cities must earn the trust of the public. In this article, we delve into the realms of privacy and security within smart city applications. Our comprehensive study commences by introducing architecture and various applications tailored to smart cities. Then, concerns surrounding security and privacy within these applications are thoroughly explored subsequently. Following that, we delve into several research endeavors dedicated to addressing security and privacy issues within smart city applications. Finally, we emphasize our methodology and present a case study illustrating privacy and security in smart city contexts. Our proposal consists of defining an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based framework that allows: Thoroughly documenting penetration attempts and cyberattacks; promptly detecting any deviations from security standards; monitoring malicious behaviors and accurately tracing their sources; and establishing strong controls to effectively repel and prevent such threats. Experimental results using the Edge-IIoTset (Edge Industrial Internet of Things Security Evaluation Test) dataset demonstrated good accuracy. They were compared to related state-of-the-art works, which highlight the relevance of our proposal.
