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Influence of cutting speed and lubrication in microstructural damage.

Influence of cutting speed and lubrication in microstructural damage.

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Employing cutting fluids in machining processes, especially for difficult-to-cut materials, improves machinability through prolonged tool life, improves surface integrity and chip evacuation. However, like oil and water-based cutting fluids are hazardous to the environment and workers' health, alternative solutions are required. Liquid Nitrogen (LN...

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Context 1
... tests observing samples prepared from cutups in the cutting and feed directions (see Fig. 7). The main defects were the presence of a thermally affected layer, white layer, and adhered material. All the machined surfaces had a thermally affected layer in the cutting direction, independent of the cutting speed or lubrication conditions (see Fig. ...
Context 2
... observed at the highest cutting speeds. Moreover, the increase in cutting speed seems to reduce the height of the adhered material, from 16.9 μm for vc = 400 m/min to 2.6 μm for vc = 550 m/min. Moreover, when machining under cryogenic cooling white layer was observed in most of the cutting speeds, while in dry, it was only found at 400 m/min (see Fig. 8). Generally, the white layer appears in severe cutting conditions (high cutting speed and increased flank wear) when there are high temperatures in the tertiary shear zone. Nevertheless, in LN2 cooling conditions it can be observed for all cutting speeds (except for 350 and 550 m/min) and even for low tool wear conditions. Kaynak et ...
Context 3
... Kaynak et al. [23] and Pu et al. [24] also observed more significant microstructural damage for LN2 than for dry for different materials. Furthermore, a similar white layer was obtained for all the cutting conditions tested in LN2 cooling in this work. Hence, tool wear and cutting speed seem not to significantly affect the white layer depth (see Fig. ...

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Citations

... Numerous lubricants and coolants are used to improve the machining performance of the materials in the hard-to-cut materials group [8][9][10]. In comparison with other cooling and lubrication methods, cryogenic cooling method is an effective method for human and environmental health, besides liquid nitrogen (LN2) is widely used as cryogenic coolant in the machining process [11,12]. ...
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