Illustrative process of data collection. (A) Collect the side view (or dorsal/ventral view) outline; (B) Slice the profile into slabs; (C) Illustration of a slab; (D) An example of cross-section with an identity segment (vertical).

Illustrative process of data collection. (A) Collect the side view (or dorsal/ventral view) outline; (B) Slice the profile into slabs; (C) Illustration of a slab; (D) An example of cross-section with an identity segment (vertical).

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Body mass and surface area are among the most important biological properties, but such information are lacking for some extant organisms and all extinct species. Numerous methods have been developed for body size estimation for this reason. There are two main categories of mass-estimating methods: volumetric-density approaches and extant-scaling a...

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Context 1
... side view (or dorsal/ventral view) outline of the studied animal is collected first, by drawing along the profile from photos, precise life reconstructions or orthogonal projections of 3D models. Biological structures like flukes, limbs and horns are then separated from the main body (Fig. 1A). Their volumes and surface areas will be calculated independently using the same method as in the main body part (see ...
Context 2
... terms 'slab' and 'subslab' used by Hederson [10] are inherited here. After the outline is obtained, the animal's profile is equally partitioned into several slabs using parallel lines (Fig. 1B, C). The accuracy of the calculation increases together with the number of slabs. The portions of parallel lines truncated by the profile (i.e., maximum heights in side views or maximum widths in dorsal/ventral views) are defined here as 'identity segments' (Fig. ...
Context 3
... animal's profile is equally partitioned into several slabs using parallel lines (Fig. 1B, C). The accuracy of the calculation increases together with the number of slabs. The portions of parallel lines truncated by the profile (i.e., maximum heights in side views or maximum widths in dorsal/ventral views) are defined here as 'identity segments' (Fig. ...
Context 4
... first and last one) can be viewed as a frustum with parallel bases, which are probably different in shape (Fig. 2). The slabs at two ends of the animal's sagittal axis can be viewed as cones with irregular-shaped bases. The next step is to collect the profiles of bases in each slab, which are originally body cross-sections of the studied animal (Fig. 1D). Then the area and circumference of each cross-section are acquired using image processing software. 3 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license perpetuity. It is made available under a preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint ...

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