Figure - uploaded by Colin Murray Parkes
Content may be subject to copyright.
Citations
... Lifestyle or behavior is also associated with many eye diseases. Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (Fitzgerald, Parkes, 1998: 1160 and plays a role in the development of cataracts (Wang, Mitchell, Smith, 2000: 49-54). Diet can also play an important role in the development of eye diseases. ...
... A cor, o padrão decorativo, a forma e a localização são percebidos visualmente e servem para informar e atrair; essas dimensões não estão disponíveis ao cego. 4,10 As funções sensoriais e cognitivas capacitam os indivíduos a se orientarem no mundo, tornando-os conscientes dos perigos e das recompensas, intermediando fontes de prazer e de dor; são os meios pelos quais recebem mensagens de outros. Qualquer evento que prejudique a função cognitiva ou sensorial, na maioria das vezes, produz profundos efeitos psicológicos, não apenas sobre a pessoa afetada, mas também na família, amigos, colegas de trabalho e cuidadores. ...
... Qualquer evento que prejudique a função cognitiva ou sensorial, na maioria das vezes, produz profundos efeitos psicológicos, não apenas sobre a pessoa afetada, mas também na família, amigos, colegas de trabalho e cuidadores. 1,4 Relatos bíblicos já abordavam a deficiência visual e, naquele tempo, a cegueira era um mal comum e condição frequentemente interpretada como punição ou como destino, só podendo ser revertida por Deus. Se outrora os cegos estavam condenados a uma vida de dificuldades e pobreza 2,8,9 , atualmente, a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas é diretamente proporcional ao grau de desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região em que habitam. ...
... Principalmente se considerando que um mundo cada vez mais orientado visualmente, ninguém conta com a possibilidade de ficar cego. 4 A maioria dos deficientes visuais que não nasce cego, ou seja, depois de aprenderem a confiar na visão a fim de reconhecer e se relacionar com o mundo, devem rever conceitos básicos para sobreviver. Não é surpresa que a cegueira geralmente é uma grande catástrofe pessoal e familiar, afetando a mobilidade, trabalho, relações pessoais, etc. 1 Sob o aspecto da saúde mental, mesmo as pessoas com notável desenvolvimento e equilíbrio emocional utilizarão mecanismos importantes para adaptação à cegueira. ...
RESUMO- A visão é responsável pela integração entre os demais sentidos dos seres humanos, além da interação do indivíduo com o meio onde vive. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a qualidade de vida dos deficientes visuais frequentadores do Instituto Paranaense de Cegos. É estudo transversal e observacional. Foram utilizados um questionário SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Health Survey) e um sociocultural em 15 pessoas cegas. No SF-36, a maior média foi da capacidade funcional, os itens com pior avaliação foram aspectos sociais e físicos. Conclui-se que 60% dos entrevistados estavam satisfeitos com a qualidade de vida e a pontuação média no SF-36 foi de 272,62 no componente mental e de 285,33 no físico.
... From other modalities it is known that adjustment to sensory loss (e.g., blindness or deafness) is a continuous, dynamic process involving adaptive coping strategies, such as active coping, namely focusing on positive aspects, as well as "realistic emotional acceptance" of the situation (Fitzgerald and Parkes 1998;Lehane 2017;Olze et al. 2011). Those coping styles relate to enhanced self-esteem and quality of life. ...
... Those coping styles relate to enhanced self-esteem and quality of life. In turn, maladaptive coping, such as evasion or distraction is associated with negative outcomes, being reflected in reduced life quality or depression (Fitzgerald and Parkes 1998;Lehane 2017;Olze et al. 2011). ...
The sense of smell essentially contributes to social communication, guides nutrition behaviour and elicits avoidance towards environmental hazards. Olfactory smell impairment may hence entail severe consequences for affected individuals. Compared with sensory loss in other modalities, reduced olfactory function is often unnoticed by those affected and diagnosed late. Those patients seeking help frequently suffer from long-term impairments resulting in reduced well-being and quality of life. The current review provides an overview of aetiology, prevalence and specifics of diagnostics in acquired and congenital olfactory loss and focusses on short- and long-term consequences. Compensation strategies are elaborated, and treatment options are mentioned. Individual characteristics associated with the development of serious mental health impairment are discussed in order to help practitioners identifying populations at risk.
... Hearing impairment is a hidden handicap that often elicits no sympathy from unaffected individuals. It is among the ten most common burdens, and they have been projected to become even more common by 2030 [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year 51,000 children aged below 5 years die from complications of the otitis media in developing countries [7]. ...
... Most blind people were not born blind, they become blind. This means that, having learned to rely on their sight in order to recognize and relate to the world, they must now radically revise their basic assumptions about that world [2][3]. It is reported that 285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide. ...
Objective:
To find out if there is a difference in hearing levels between normal and blind people. To answer the following questions, "Is the concept of losing one sense will improve the other senses right or wrong? If someone born blind, will he have better hearing abilities than those with a good vision?"
Study design:
A cross sectional study
Methods:
Forty male students aged between 13-22 years old from two special education schools were randomly selected to evaluate their hearing levels from Eastern district, Saudi Arabia at the period from February 2016 to April 2016. They were divided into two groups. The first group included the student with visual impairment (13 students) and total blindness (7 students) for more than 5 years. The second control group is of 20 students with normal vision. A questionnaire was answered by each one. Anyone with history of ear disease was excluded from the study. A pure tone average thresholds (PTAs) were obtained for left and right ears for the frequencies 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz. Data were statistically evaluated using SPSS version 20.
Results:
Hearing levels were normal in most of the participants with mild hearing loss in 4 ears of 3 participants (5%). The difference at the hearing levels between pure tone average for both ears in the visually impaired plus totally blind subjects compared to the control group was non-significant, P value = 0.829 (> 0.05). While, there was significant difference at the hearing levels between pure tone average for both ears in the three groups (visually impaired, totally blind and normally sighted group) using ANOVA test, P value = 0.04 (< 0.05) with the lowest hearing level at the totally blind group.
Conclusion:
Loss of one sense does not potentiate other senses as some people believe. Blind people have the same level of hearing as normal population.
... (Fitzgerald & Parkes, 1998). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO, 2011) melaporkan bahwa secara global terdapat sekitar 284 juta orang tunanetra, yang terdiri dari 245 juta orang penyandang low vision dan 39 juta orang tunanetra berat. ...
This research has been conducted based on various theories and research findings revealing that blindness occurring during adulthood cause more problems than that occurring earlier in life. The research has been done to find a rehabilitation counseling model that can be used to help blind adults to more effectively overcome psychosocial problems caused by their blindness so that they will be able to regain their independence and will be able to achieve meaningful life. The rehabilitation counseling Model has been developed through research using exploratory mixed methods research design. The construct of the model has been developed based on the data of case studies on six persons whose blindness occurred during adulthood and they have proved to be successful in their lives. The model has been validated with expert judgment and tried out using single-subject research design on two relatively newly blind clients.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan berbagai teori dan temuan penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa ketunanetraan yang terjadi pada usia dewasa lebih banyak menimbulkan permasalahan daripada ketunanetraan yang terjadi pada awal kehidupan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan suatu model konseling rehabilitasi yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu para tunanetra dewasa mengatasi secara lebih efektif masalah-masalah psikososial yang diakibatkan oleh ketunanetraannya, agar mereka dapat memperoleh kembali kemandiriannya dan mampu mencapai kehidupan yang bermakna. Model konseling tersebut dikembangkan melalui penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan exploratory mixed methods research design. Konstruk model dikembangkan berdasarkan data hasil studi kasus terhadap enam orang yang ketunanetraannya terjadi pada usia dewasa dan telah terbukti berhasil dalam kehidupannya, sedangkan model divalidasi dengan expert judgment dan diujicobakan dengan desain single-subject research pada dua orang klien yang relatif baru mengalami ketunanetraan.
... Where the most widely used application of 'loss' is 'loss of life' the social dimensions within this framing tend to be seen as the processes of bereavement that results from death of a loved one. However, some writers from within the mental health therapies have argued that aspects of 'bereavement reactions', including a profound sense of dislocation, can occur in other types of loss, such as loss of a limb (Maguire & Murray Parkes, 1998), loss of sensory or cognitive functions (Fitzgerald & Murray Parkes, 1998), and in 'ambiguous losses' such as divorce, handicap and terminal illness (Leick & Davidsen-Nielsen, 1991). ...
Averting women's pregnancy-related death is today recognised as an international health and development priority. Maternal survival is, in this sense, a success story. There is, however, little research into what happens to the women who survive the severe obstetric complications that are the main causes of maternal mortality. This paper examines findings from repeated in-depth interviews with 64 women who survived a clinically defined 'near-miss.' These interviews were conducted as part of a prospective longitudinal study of women who 'nearly died' of pregnancy-related complications in Burkina Faso, a poor country in West Africa. Drawing on sociological and anthropological perspectives that consider the defining characteristics of 'loss' to be social as much as biomedical, the paper seeks to understand loss as disruption of familiar forms and patterns of life. Women's accounts of their lives in the year following the near-miss event show that such events are not only about blood loss, seizures or infections, but also about a household crisis for which all available resources were mobilised, with a train of physical, economic and social consequences. The paper argues that near-miss events are characterised by the near-loss of a woman's life, but also frequently by the loss of the baby and by further significant disruptions in three overlapping dimensions of women's lives. These include disruption of bodily integrity through injury, ongoing illness and loss of strength and stamina; disruption of the household economy through high expenditure, debts and loss of productive capacity; and disruption of social identity and social stability. Maternal health policy needs to be concerned not only with averting the loss of life, but also with preventing or ameliorating others losses set in motion by an obstetric crisis.
... Literature reviews reveal that the majority of research relating to visual impairment comes from medical understandings of vision, with emphasis on diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. This has usually been undertaken by sighted 'experts' speaking about people who are blind or partially sighted (Bolt, 2005; Fitzgerald and Murray Parkes, 1998; Monbeck, 1973; Scott, 1969). There is a growing collection of studies written about the emotional responses to sight loss (Burmedi et al., 2002; Butler, 2007; Stephens, 2007) and a number of non-academic memoirs and biographies (e.g. ...
This article reflects on a doctoral research project undertaken by the author, which used co-constructed audio narratives to explore the experience of living with a visual impairment and the effect this had on claims to identity. The research project was attempting to respond to Duckett and Pratt’s review of visual impairment research which called for research where there was empowerment and ‘greater inclusion of visually impaired people’ (2007: 7).
Themes emerging from the research that were thought to have an influence on identity were related to negative societal attitudes towards visual impairment, including living in a world dominated by sighted perspectives, relationships with sighted people, attitudes towards education, schooling and employment and not having a voice within the agencies set up to support people who are visually impaired.
Within this article the author specifically explores the use of collaborative narrative methodology, using excerpts from the narrative text to reflect on both the process of the research and whether this could be considered emancipatory, and also to demonstrate how societal attitudes affected the four research participants, and the author’s experience of living with a visual impairment, and the effect this had on claims to identity.
... For instance, research indicates that being blinded or having severe hearing loss later in life often results in an increase in depression and anxiety, denial, and discrimination and embarrassment (Fitzgerald 1970;Fitzgerald and Parkes 1998 People expect there futures to be informed by their pasts and identity's are largely informed and influenced by these expectations. Markus and Nurius (1983) argue that people's possible selves (their future selves) are a reflection of their past selves and their present selves. ...
