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We investigated automatic retrieval of the knowledge of having lied or having told the truth to a question, depending on (a) the quality of the statement (true vs. false response) and (b) the overall proportion of (dis-)honest responses. We therefore manipulated the proportion of lies and truths being told in an oral interview. Automatic retrieval...
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... of the prime question using RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation) with a base duration of 250 ms per word, plus an additional 25 ms per letter. Right after the last word of the sentence, the probe word appeared and remained on screen until the participant's response. The next trial was initiated after an inter-trial interval of 1000 ms (see Fig. ...
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This research investigated how fashion corporations’ paltering-based deceptive marketing, specifically related to corporate social responsibility (CSR), might influence consumers. Specifically, it investigated if it evokes hypocrisy perceptions to influence consumers’ purchase decisions and how the mediating roles of consumer-corporation-relationsh...
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... Comparisons of the final memory tests between groups are then conducted to determine the effects of deception on memory. Researchers have typically found that participants in the deception group perform worse in the final memory tests than those in the honest group, suggesting that deception impairs memory of the items and/or interview (Mangiulli et al., 2018;Otgaar et al., 2020;Romeo et al., 2019a;Schreckenbach et al., 2020). It has also been suggested that deception causes more nonbelieved memories than honesty (Battista et al., 2020(Battista et al., , 2021aOtgaar et al., 2014aOtgaar et al., , 2016aPolage, 2017). ...
... The participants were asked to complete an item memory test, source memory test, and destination memory test 48 h after the interview. Based on previous studies demonstrating that lying could cause more memory disruptions than telling the truth could (Mangiulli et al., 2018;Otgaar et al., 2020;Romeo, et al., 2019a;Schreckenbach et al., 2020), we expected worse memory performances in all memory tests (with the exception of the baseline memory test) by participants who chose to lie in the interview. ...
Research has demonstrated that deceptive responses can undermine item and source memories. However, previous studies have often randomly assigned participants to an honest or deception group and asked them to respond in specific ways in an interview, rather than providing them a choice of what response to give. Moreover, little attention has been given to destination memory in previous research. Using a daily life paradigm, we investigated the effects of deception on memory. After completing a mock shopping task, participants were told that someone would ask them questions about their shopping lists. The participants voluntarily chose to tell the truth or lie in the interview and were encouraged to respond as they would in their daily lives. An item memory test, source memory test and destination memory test were given 48 h after the interview. Source and destination memories but not item memories were impaired for participants who chose to lie. Specifically, liars forgot the things about which they lied and mistakenly believed that they lied about many things that they did not, and they also did not remember to whom they lied. We conclude that deception can disrupt memory in daily life.
... Therefore, we should remember at least some details about our lie, for instance, what we were asked about, or to whom we have lied. Recent research provided first evidence for a retrieval mechanism that helps us to remember the lies we have told in response to certain questions: when re-encountering a question that one has lied to before, the knowledge about having lied is automatically retrieved from memory (Koranyi et al., 2015;Schreckenbach et al., 2020). Similarly, memory retrieval has been found for the conversational partner that one has lied to on a former occasion (Schreckenbach et al., 2019). ...
... Participants took part in oral interviews and afterwards performed a classification task in which they had to indicate via key press whether a presented probe was the word honest or the word dishonest. As primes, we presented a combination of the different cues that were used in former studies on automatic memory retrieval of deception (i.e., questions- Koranyi et al., 2015;Schreckenbach et al., 2020and persons-Schreckenbach et al., 2019. With this manipulation, we also increased the complexity of this paradigm, thereby mirroring more lifelike conditions where multiple social interactions with different persons take place in close temporal succession (one estimate being 12 interactions per day; see Zhaoyang et al., 2018), and similar or the same questions can be posed by different people. ...
... The experiment was designed to test whether different cues are used for memory retrieval of the knowledge about having lied and whether these cues are used in combination (configural retrieval) or individually (elemental retrieval). We used a similar experimental design as in Schreckenbach et al. (2020) where participants met two different interrogators and had to lie to one of them while telling the truth to the second one. However, this time, participants were asked the same set of questions about the two different topics by each of the interrogators. ...
Previous research on event coding has shown that by default, bindings are binary and elemental, that is, individual objects or single features of these objects can retrieve responses separately and independently. In our study, we applied these findings to the automatic retrieval of former deceptions. Specifically, we investigated whether the person or the question to which one has answered deceptively can retrieve this knowledge independently, or whether there is also evidence for configural retrieval processes that use a combination of person and question information to retrieve the truth status of former episodes. We found evidence for retrieval based on single cues (i.e., person or question), supporting that the elementary retrieval of episodes by independent cues also holds in the context of retrieving knowledge about former lies.
... The core focus of the current study was to further investigate automatic memory retrieval of omissions. For outright lies, we already identified a mechanism that helps liars to remember their lies in an automatic fashion in previous studies (Koranyi et al., 2015;Schreckenbach et al., 2020). Memory of previous lies is triggered by automatically retrieving episodic knowledge about having lied to a question when re-encountering the same question again in a later situation. ...
... The results of the present experiment build on former studies about automatic retrieval of the knowledge of having lied (Koranyi et al., 2015;Schreckenbach et al., 2020). These results transfer the idea of an automatic memory retrieval of lies to the case of omissions, thereby extending our knowledge about implicit memory processes that relate to deception. ...
When individuals suppress secret information, they should keep this omission in mind to not let this information slip out in future situations. Following recent findings about automatic memory retrieval of outright lies, we hypothesized that suppression tendencies are also automatically retrieved from memory when being confronted with a question to which one has previously omitted secret information. In an online study, participants first had to withhold information about a fictitious love affair during a simulated chat with their relationship partner. To assess automatic suppression tendencies, we developed an indirect response time measure wherein a key that had previously been established to indicate suppression now had to be pressed in response to word stimuli that were presented in a specific color. We found implicit suppression tendencies for words that had been withheld during the interview if they were presented following the prime that involved the question which the secret answer referred to. The question primes or the secret information alone did not elicit a suppression tendency, indicating that suppression responses were automatically retrieved from memory after re-encountering the combination of the question and the critical answer. The results are discussed regarding the theoretical implications for automatic memory processes.
As the current distribution network power equipment cannot realize the visualization of spatial data, the retrieval accuracy of bad data decreases. Therefore, an automatic retrieval algorithm for bad data of intelligent distribution network power equipment is proposed. The spatial data of smart distribution network is collected and geographic information science (GIS) technology is used to realize data visualization. On this basis, real-time operating data is collected in the distribution network, and according to the data collection results and the operation mechanism of the distribution network, it can be identified whether there are bad data in the distribution network and retrieved. Through the display data in the GIS visualization interface, the distance measurement method is used to determine the specific location of the bad data in the intelligent distribution network. The experimental results show that the research method’s bad data retrieval error and bad data position coordinate calculation error are small, the retrieval accuracy is high, the time-consuming is short, and the practical application effect is good.
