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... Shilajit has been used as an ancient medicine in different regions of the world under the indigenous systems and it possesses the ability to resorb tumours and pimples reported in Avicenna in Canon Medicinae 4. The therapeutic effect of shilajit is reported for the treatment of peptic ulcer, as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, anti-arthritic, cancer treatment, memory improving, and neuroprotective compound [7][8][9][10]. Two different types of chemicals are responsible for the biological effects of shilajit. ...
Shilajit is a natural substance found in the Himalayan region from Nepal to Pakistan. It is a decomposition product of Royle's spurge, white clover, and different species of molds. The decomposition takes place over a time span of centuries by the action of microorganism. In the present study, shilajit samples from four different origins including siachen khaplu shilajit (SKS), kharmang pari saspolo shilajit (KPSS), kharmang ghandus shilajit (KGS), and kharmang shilajit center (KSC) of district Skardu, Pakistan were investigated. These samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/vis). SEM revealed a notable difference in the shape and size of collected samples. All samples were found to possess crystalline nature, which is confirmed from XRD. The presence of multi-components and complex silicates confirmed the presence of humic substances (HS) in shilajit. A slight disparity in physiological properties of four samples were revealed due to geographical variations and ecological conditions, which determine the natural synthesis of shilajit. All samples exhibited antibacterial effects against Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (E. coli). About 76 %, 98 %, and 100 % of bacteria were killed by SKS, both KPSS and KGS, and KSC samples, respectively. The cell viability analysis revealed that the KPSS (66%) and KGS (53 %) were cyto-compatible as compared to the SKS (23%) and KSC (25%) samples. The Chick Chorionic Allantoic Membrane (CAM) assay was used to observe the angiogenic potential for SKS, KSC, and KGS samples. Hence, shilajit sample could be a potential candidate for the medicinal applications and offer a new approach to biomedical applications.
... Besides, fulvic acid facilitates importing minerals into the target cells, protecting the electrical potential and preventing cell death [21,22]. The safety and healing efficacy of Shilajit has been studied in humans and animals [18].The Shilajit compounds exhibit a great potential for healing the different diseases such as bone fractures, osteoarthritis [23,24], anemia [25], diabetes [26] and Alzheimer [27]. A clinical trial conducted in Iran revealed that oral administration of Shilajit after tibia fracture surgery accelerated bone repair [28]. ...
... The findings of another cohort study in Iran indicated that Shilajit consumption had beneficial impact on femur and tibia bone fracture repair [29]. In addition, according to the results of a randomized double-blinded study, Shilajit was an effective treatment for ameliorating pain in osteoarthritis dog model due to its anti-inflammatory effects [24]. Another study showed that Shilajit is an effective treatment for chronic ulcers [30]. ...
Background
Shilajit has been widely used remedy for treating a numerous of illness such as bone defects in Iran traditional folk medicine since hundreds of years ago. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Shilajit on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures.
Materials and methods
ASCs were seeded in 3D 1% alginate (Alg) hydrogel with or without Shilajit (500 µg/mL) and compared with 2D cultures. Then, characterization was done using electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and Raman confocal microscopy.
Results
Adding Shilajit had no impact on the Alg scaffold degradability. In the 3D hydrogel and in the presence of osteogenic medium (OM), Shilajit acted as enhancer to increase ALP activity and also showed osteoinductive property in the absence of OM compared to the 2D matched groups at all time points (days 7 and 21 both P = 0.0006, for 14 days P = 0.0006 and P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, calcium deposition was significantly increased in the cultures exposed to Shilajit compared to 2D matched groups on days 14 ( P < 0.0001) and 21 ( P = 0.0003 and P = 0.003, respectively). In both 3D and 2D conditions, Shilajit induced osteogenic differentiation, but Shilajit/Alg combination starts osteogenic differentiation in a short period of time.
Conclusion
As Shilajit accelerates the differentiation of ASCs into the osteoblasts, without changing the physical properties of the Alg hydrogel, this combination may pave the way for more promising remedies considering bone defects.
... Besides, fulvic acid facilitates importing minerals into the target cells, protecting the electrical potential and preventing cell death [21,22]. The safety and healing efficacy of Shilajit has been studied in humans and animals [18].The Shilajit compounds exhibit a great potential for healing the different diseases such as bone fractures, osteoarthritis [23,24], anemia [25], diabetes [26] and Alzheimer [27]. A clinical trial conducted in Iran revealed that oral administration of Shilajit after tibia fracture surgery accelerated bone repair [28]. ...
... The findings of another cohort study in Iran indicated that Shilajit consumption had beneficial impact on femur and tibia bone fracture repair [29]. In addition, according to the results of a randomized double-blinded study, Shilajit was an effective treatment for ameliorating pain in osteoarthritis dog model due to its anti-inflammatory effects [24]. Another study showed that Shilajit is an effective treatment for chronic ulcers [30]. ...
Background
Shilajit, as a herbomineral natural substance, has been most widely used remedy for treating a numerous of illness such as bone defects in Iran traditional folk medicine since hundreds of years ago. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Shilajit on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in two- and three-dimensional cultures.
Materials and methods
ASCs were isolated and seeded in three-dimensional (3D) 1% alginate (Alg) hydrogel with or without Shilajit at a density of 3 × 10⁵ cell/mL. For two-dimensional (2D) cultures, 3 × 10⁴ ASCs /mL were seeded into culture plates and treated with 500µg/mL Shilajit. Then, characterization was done using electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, and Raman confocal microscopy.
Results
Adding Shilajit had no impact on the Alg scaffold degradability. In the 3D Alg hydrogel and in the present of osteogenic medium (OM), Shilajit acted as enhancer to increase ALP activity, also showed osteoinductive property in the absence of OM compared to the 2D matched groups at all time points (days 7 and 21 both P < 0.001, for 14 days P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). In addition, calcium deposition was significantly increased in the cultures exposed to Shilajit compared to 2D matched groups on days 14 (P < 0.0001), and 21 (P < 0.001and P < 0.01, respectively). In both 3D and 2D conditions, Shilajit induced osteogenic differentiation, but Shilajit/Alg combination starts osteogenic differentiation in a short period of time.
Conclusion
As Shilajit accelerates the differentiation of ASCs into the osteoblasts, without changing the physical properties of the Alg hydrogel, this combination may pave the way for more promising remedies considering bone defects.
... 7)(Price et al. 2017) ; entre 56(Moreau et al. 2014) et 150 jours(Caterino et al. 2021) pour les nutraceutiques composites (ctg. 8) et entre 28(Beths et al. 2020) et 150 jours(Fleck et al. 2013 ;Lawley et al. 2013 ;Murdock et al. 2016) pour les autres suppléments (ctg. 9). ...
Le but de cette revue systématique et métanalyse était d’examiner les évidences d’efficacité clinique analgésique des diètes enrichies et nutraceutiques testés chez des chiens arthrosiques. À partir de quatre bases de données bibliographiques électroniques, 1096 publications ont été retracées, en plus de 20 publications provenant de sources internes. Cinquante-quatre articles ont été inclus, comprenant 69 essais et permettant d’établir 9 catégories de traitement. L’évaluation d’efficacité, modulée par le niveau de qualité des essais, établit une évidence analgésique, avec effet clinique, pour les diètes enrichies et les suppléments à base d’oméga-3, ainsi que ceux à base de cannabidiol (à moindre degré). Nos analyses démontrent aussi une faible efficacité du collagène, et un non-effet marqué des nutraceutiques à base de chondroïtine – glucosamine qui nous pousse à recommander que ces derniers produits ne soient plus conseillés pour la gestion des douleurs en arthrose canine. Mots-Clés : Arthrose, Nutraceutiques, Compléments alimentaires, Diètes thérapeutiques, Douleur, Animal, Locomotion, Qualité méthodologique, Évidences scientifiques, Validation métrologique
... Dogs with mild to moderate OA were randomly allocated into Groups 1, 2, and 3. Dogs with severe OA were allocated into Group 4. These dogs required immediate medication with a known anti-inflammatory effect, and it would have not been ethical to place them in a trial with a one in three chance of receiving a placebo. The testing of many natural products/nutraceuticals is generally restricted to the use of dogs with mild to moderate clinical signs of OA [20,58,31,17,12,43,60]. The allocation of dogs to Group 4 provided an opportunity to compare responses in dogs with severe OA to mild or moderate OA in regards to severity of disease and responses of dogs to treatment. ...
... In contrast to Rimadyl TM , the apparent anti-inflammatory effect of BVP-01 took longer to occur. This is consistent with a longer period required for an anti-inflammatory nutraceutical to have an effect than NSAID's [24,47,37,20,31,17,12,43,60]. However, serious adverse effects with the long-term use of the COX inhibiting NSAIDs have been associated with hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and GI systems [42,44,40,3,48,29,46,53,6]. ...
... In a study on dogs, researchers have concluded that Shilajatu has significant anti-arthritic properties including reduction of pain and inflammation [57] . In a study where 30 female rats have been induced with poly-cystic ovarian syndrome by injecting letrozole, positive significant effect of shilajatu has been observed [58] . ...
Shilajit is being widely used to cure a number of diseases across the world. It has wide medicinal values in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide. Shilajit has an important place in the Ayurvedic classic texts and being used as like a panacea, as Acharya Charaka cited in their popular verse that there is no curable decease on the earth, which could not be treated with the proper administration of Shilajit Rasayana. In modern days a number of research have been conducted across the world on parameters as defined and established on modern paradigms, and it has been concluded that Shilajit may play an important Roles in curing various life style deceases or infectious deceases. The aim and objective of current study to summarize the modern findings available online or offline on resources like Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Science direct and another database, and cross relate the same with the establishment and verses of classical Ayurvedic Texts. The physical and chemical properties of Shilajit has also been discussed and summarized with special reference to modern findings. After going through a number of literature it may be concluded that Shilajit obviously have miraculous property as described in classical text and folk lore, but there is a limitation when reviewed on modern parameters, and that limitations is definitely lack of appropriate numbers of double blinded clinical trials and efficacy evaluation. Maximum studies available now a days are either in-vivo or invitro study, only a few human clinical trials are present.
... OA not only affects cartilage, but the entire joint including bones, ligaments, nerves and surrounding muscles [58,89]. Common clinical signs and symptoms associated with OA in dogs include limping, immobility, stiffness of joints, crepitus, periarticular swelling, palpable effusion, pain upon manipulation of the joint, and lameness [33,81,49,29,20,67,35,41]. ...
... In clinical veterinary settings, diagnosis of OA is based on observational [33,49,29,67,34,35] and radiographic findings [67,78]. Even today, CT scan and/or MRI findings reveal changes of the joint and cartilage degeneration, which are consistent with OA, but are limited to humans and experimental studies [74,46,27]. ...
... In a series of clinical trials, we have evaluated several nutraceuticals singly or in combination for their efficacy and safety in moderately OA dogs [24,23,72,33,49,29,67]. Some of these nutraceuticals provided remarkable reduction in pain and osteophyte formation and enhanced cartilage repair associated with OA in dogs. ...
... Clinical studies in humans have proven the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of P. emblica. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Shilajit, a rock exudate containing free and chromoprotein-conjugated dibenzo-α-pyrones (urolithins) and fulvic acids as bioactives, finds broad use in Ayurveda for different clinical applications, such as improving cardiovascular health, upregulating collagen and related extracellular matrix protein genes [34][35][36][37][38] Shilajit seems to induce the growth of blood vessels 39 and has a prominent cardioprotective effect. 40 A clinical study with ω-3FA, in combination with another product, to broaden the spectrum of cardiovascular benefits of ω-3FA in T2DM, without increasing the size or cost of the dosage form significantly, is warranted. ...
Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fish oil alone and with an adjunct, a proprietary chromium complex (PCC), on cardiovascular parameters – endothelial dysfunction, lipid profile, systemic inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin – in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects.
Patients and Methods
In this randomized, double-blind, parallel group study, 59 subjects in three groups completed the study: Group A, fish oil 2000 mg; Group B, fish oil 2000 mg + PCC 10 mg (200 µg of Cr³⁺); and Group C, fish oil 2000 mg + PCC 20 mg (400 µg of Cr³⁺) daily for 12 weeks (2000 mg of fish oil contained 600 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 400 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], the omega-3 fatty acids). Endothelial function, by estimating reflection index (RI), biomarkers of oxidative stress (nitric oxide [NO], malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH]) and inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], endothelin-1) were evaluated at baseline, and 4 and 12 weeks. Lipid profile, platelet aggregation and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c) were tested at baseline and 12 weeks. Any reported adverse drug reactions were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.
Results
The present study shows that fish oil by itself, at a dose of 2000 mg (600 mg of EPA + 400 mg of DHA) per day, led to significant, but only modest, improvement in cardiovascular parameters (RI from −2.38±0.75 to −3.92±0.60, MDA from 3.77±0.16 to 3.74±0.16 nM/mL, NO from 30.60±3.18 to 32.12±3.40 µM/L, GSH from 568.93±5.91 to 583.95±6.53 µM/L; p≤0.0001), including triglyceride levels. However, when PCC was added to fish oil, especially at the 20 mg dose, there were highly significant improvements in all the parameters tested (RI from −2.04±0.79 to −8.73±1.36, MDA from 3.67±0.39 to 2.89±0.34 nM/mL, NO from 28.98±2.93 to 40.01±2.53 µM/L, GSH from 553.82±8.18 to 677.99±10.19 µM/L; p≤0.0001), including the lipid profile. It is noteworthy that the triglycerides were decreased significantly by addition of 20 mg of PCC although the dose of fish oil was only 2 g/day and the baseline triglyceride levels were only about 200 mg/dL. Fish oil alone did not significantly decrease the HbA1c, whereas the addition of 20 mg of PCC did.
Conclusion
Addition of PCC, especially at 20 mg dose, significantly improves the efficacy of fish oil in addressing cardiovascular risk factors compared to fish oil given alone.
... Shilajit also contains Shilajityl acetate, shilajitol, shilaceatatechol, shilaxanthone, shilanthranil (Ali, 2004).The various reported pharmacological activities include aphrodisiac activity and spermatogenic effect . Parasympathomimetic effect (Sarabjeet, 2012), Cancer treatment (Akhilesh, 2015), Testosterone Induced Benign Prostrate hyperplasia (Sakhare and Bhagat, 2014), Antiinflammatory and anti-arthritic (Lawley et al., 2013) for prevention and treatment of micro and macrovascular complication of type-ii DM (Gopa et al., 2016), effect of Shilajit on lipid profile of hyperlipidemic albino rats (Mudassara et al., 2012) etc. However, there are no reports on nephroprotective activity of Shilajit, hence, the present study was designed to verify the claim of the native practitioners. ...
... In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study in arthritic dogs, the twice daily administration of 500 mg purified shilajit for 5 months resulted in no changes in physical parameters or serum biomarkers (Lawley et al., 2013). Biomarkers of liver [bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], kidney (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), heart, and muscle functions (creatine kinase) were assessed, while physical parameters measured included heart rate, body temperature, respiration rate, and body weight. ...
... The antiinflammatory and antiarthritic effects of shilajit have been studied in moderately arthritic dogs in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Lawley et al., 2013). Ten animals received either 500 mg shilajit twice daily or placebo for 5 months. ...
Shilajit (mumie, moomiyo, mummiyo, mumijo, salajeet) is a resinous phyto-mineral exudate found in sedimentary rocks that has been used for many years for a wide variety of illnesses and health benefits. In recent years, a growing number of studies have been published involving humans, animal, and in vitro systems in support of its uses and health-related effects. Animal and human studies support its use as a “revitalizer,” promoting physical and mental energy, enhancing physical performance, and relieving fatigue in association with enhanced ATP production. Various published research studies indicate that shilajit exhibits adaptogenic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, and neurological properties. Studies also show that shilajit enhances spermatogenesis. Based on animal and human studies, the safety of shilajit is well documented. Shilajit is standardized to fulvic acids, and key constituents in shilajit responsible for its effects appear to be fulvic acids comprising oxygenated dibenzo-a-pyrones (DBPs) and their derivatives. The current literature regarding the efficacy and safety of shilajit is reviewed.
