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Índice:
EL AGUA EN MÉXICO
AGUA DULCE Y BIODIVERSIDAD MEXICANA
- Evaluaciones de las ecorregiones dulceacuícolas en las Américas
- Regiones Hidrológicas Prioritarias
- Sitios Prioritarios Acuáticos Epicontinentales en México
INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD, LA PROTECCIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES Y LA RESTAURACIÓN ECOLÓGICA...
Citations
... The area has been under a long human occupation by Otomis and Mestizos that survive on extensive grazing of cows and goats, and rain-fed agriculture (CONAGUA 2020). Therefore, the few water resources available in the area are under high human pressure (Bezaury-Creel et al. 2017;CONAGUA 2020). Lotic environments are represented with first, second, and third-order rivers such as the Moctezuma, Estorax, and Tolimán (Pineda et al. 2009). ...
La criminología verde tuvo sus orígenes hace más de veinte años a nivel internacional. La criminología mexicana se encuentra en una etapa de expansión y maduración disciplinar en la que es necesario volcar sus aportes disciplinares hacia otras formas de criminalidad como aquellas que afectan la biodiversidad, los ecosistemas y la vida del planeta Tierra. El presente libro representa un aporte a la creciente necesidad de acercar a la criminología al estudio de los delitos y crímenes ambientales en México y de todos los factores que amenazan los componentes naturales de los que depende la vida en el planeta y consideramos que la criminología ofrece un marco epistemológico, teórico y metodológico para lograrlo. Esta obra considera como punto de partida la enorme herencia criminológica mexicana y latinoamericana para encuadrar los aportes con perspectivas verdes que se han gestado en otras partes del mundo y que ya se desarrollan en México.
Cities function as ecological systems composed of a geosphere, a biosphere and an anthroposphere, interacting with each other and generating various selection pressures on urban organisms. Odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) are frequent inhabitants of urban areas, showing no clear or unique responses to urbanization. Thus, we defined an urbanization gradient using a habitat integrity index (HII) calculated for 19 sites in central Mexico, and investigated: a) changes in species richness and abundance along the urbanization gradient; and, b) the relationship between presence of waste of anthropic origin, chemical conditions of water, macrophyte cover, and odonate species richness, abundance and community composition. We analyzed the data for the whole odonate community, as well as for dragonfly and damselfly communities separately in each site. We found higher damselfly species richness and abundance in sites with low urbanization than in sites with high urbanization, and no differences in dragonfly communities along the gradient. We found a positive relationship between dragonfly species richness and abundance and waste percentage and macrophyte cover, and a negative relationship with dissolved solids in water. Our results indicated that odonate communities were fairly tolerant to urbanization and dragonflies were less affected than damselflies. However, we suggest that during design and restructuring of cities, the care and conservation of water bodies and all the life forms that inhabit there, be considered.
Introduction:
Latin America is a highly urbanized region, with most of its population living in cities and urban centers. While information about urban streams in Latin America is rather limited, streams are expected to experience similar environmental impacts and conservation issues as urban streams in parts of the globe, including habitat loss, channelization, sewage discharge, trash, and loss of riparian habitats.
Objective:
We surveyed a network of researchers from approximately 80% of the countries in Latin America to obtain information on the condition, state of knowledge, and threats to urban streams in the region.
Methods:
Most participants were reached via the Macrolatinos@ network (www.macrolatinos.net).
Results:
We obtained 104 responses from researchers in 18 of the 23 Latin American countries. Most urban streams are impacted or degraded, and inputs of contaminants and wastewater discharges were considered major drivers of stream degradation. Most respondents indicated that stream channelization is common, with some streams completely channelized or buried. Sewage and rainfall runoff management were identified as a major factor degrading streams, with most respondents suggesting that streams are a primary destination for wastewater discharge, much of which is untreated. Major limitations to urban stream conservation in Latin America are the result of limited ecological knowledge, lack of citizen interest or political will to protect them. There are isolated efforts to restore urban streams and riparian zones, but these are initial steps that need further development.
Conclusions:
Our research network of Latin American scientists proved to be a valuable tool to assess a large number of urban rivers in a relatively understudied region. Urban streams in Latin America face a diversity of stressors and management challenges, and we propose three areas that would benefit from further research to improve our understanding and management of these systems: (1) Studies should focus on the watershed, rather than isolated reaches, (2) researchers should strive to attain a better understanding of ecosystem function and the services provided by urban streams to justify management and restoration efforts, and (3) studies that integrate economic models where downstream users pay for upstream protection and restoration could prove beneficial for many Latin American cities in attempting to address water conservation issues.
