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fear of failure among Those seeing opportunities for entrepreneurship by age for Men and Women, 2012
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... This is similar as the "push" factor approach based on necessity, where inadequate financial resources and lack of employment opportunity drive individuals to become entrepreneurs (Wainwright et al., 2015). The other group, opportunity-driven entrepreneurs, with greater personal financing, better education, more extensive business networks, and employment opportunities than their necessity-driven counterparts, choose to become entrepreneurs (Kelley et al., 2013). This is similar as the "pull" factor approach based on more opportunities that individuals could obtain for achieving a higher degree of social inclusion (Wainwright et al., 2015). ...
... For these reasons, they tend to start larger, better planned, and ultimately more successful businesses with wider social and economic impact. A disproportionate share of senior entrepreneurs is opportunity-driven entrepreneurs (Kelley et al., 2013). ...
... First, the current literature has not developed the links between the goal contents and motives of senior entrepreneurs as antecedents, their choice to launch entrepreneurial ventures, and the consequent outcomes. Our research has linked these together with clear evidence to support the outcome as presented in Fig. 4. The present study goes beyond the previous work on the necessity-driven entrepreneurs (Amoros & Bosma, 2013) or "push" factordriven entrepreneurs (Maalaoui, 2019); opportunitydriven entrepreneurs (Kelley et al., 2013) or "pull" factor-driven entrepreneurs (Hoyte et al., 2019;Perenyi et al., 2018); different dimensions of entrepreneurship to performance (Parker, 2009;Parker & Rougier, 2007); and individual's utility of monetary and non-monetary outcomes (Kautonen et al., 2017). We advance a new pattern of senior entrepreneurship transition from the triggers for becoming entrepreneurs, the capabilities to manage inner and outer challenges, to achieving needs satisfaction and overall well-being, as suggested in Fig. 4. ...
Seniors strive to achieve aging well by engaging in entrepreneurial activities subsequent to ceasing their organizational employment. While this is a common practice in many societies, scant research exists on what motivates seniors to engage in entrepreneurial activities once they end their formal employment. We adopt the self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the effects of goal contents and motives on the well-being among seniors who launch their entrepreneurship journeys. Based on in-depth interviews with senior entrepreneurs in China, India, and Turkey, we contribute to extant knowledge by linking separate paradigms. These are as follows: goal contents and intrinsic motivation-driven entrepreneurship, management of inner and outer challenges, and achievement of the eventual outcome of aging well. We also investigate the culture-specific drivers of senior entrepreneurship in a comparative framework.
... First, new startups' locations are often coupled with business owners' residential location choices in light of the pervasiveness of home-based small businesses in the U.S. With the advent and surge of affordable information technologies and e-commerce logistics, more and more entrepreneurs are launching businesses from their homes. It is estimated in the 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report that in the U.S. over two-thirds of all new firms started at home and about 59 percent of established businesses with active employees continue to be operated out of business owners' homes (Kelley at al., 2012). The coupling of residential and firm location choices, i.e., where to start a business equates where to live, renders entrepreneurs to the Tiebout sorting process in deciding the co-locations of their homes and startups. ...
This paper examines the effects of local taxes and local fiscal expenditures on small businesses in Florida. Our analysis sheds light on the linkage between small business development and local fiscal decisions, which seem to have no obvious or direct connection with targeted business assistance and incentives. Spatial panel regression models are calibrated with county-level tax, expenditure, and social and economic factors for the period of 2008-2013. The estimation results suggest that local tax and expenditure structure and decisions affect the number of small business establishments not only in their “home” counties but also in their neighboring jurisdictions.
