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The port constituted the fundamental marine transporation element connecting the island and the mainland, providing easier
access to the island and promoting the progressive growth of the local economy. At the time, Ischia showed great diversity
between one zone and another, and much of the island was almost inaccessible and sparsely inhabited. Not...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the royal household following a donation made by the descendants of Francesco Buonocore, even though it would appear to have been an appropriation rather than a spontaneous donation. Besides, Hackert's painting depicts in the foreground fishermen intent on casting their nets from small boats, a fairly profitable activity for the local community (Fig. 7). In the central sector of the lake the small lava rock described by Haller can be seen, with the storehouse for fishing tackle on top. This block of lava represents the remainder of a magmatic body which had fuelled the eruption, later solidified within the volcanic conduit and exposed after the crater ...
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The presence of three active volcanoes (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia island) along the coast of Naples did not contain the huge expansion of the urbanized zones around them. In contrast, since the Greco-Roman era, volcanoes have featured among the favourite sites for people colonizing the Campania region. The stable settlements around Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei caldera and Ischia were progressively enlarged, attaining a maximum growth rate between 1950 and 1980. Between 1982 and 1984, Neapolitans faced the last and most dramatic volcanic crises, which occurred at Campi Flegrei (Pozzuoli) without an eruption. Since that time, volcanologists have focused their attention on the problem of risks associated with eruptions in the Neapolitan area, but a systematic strategy to reduce the very high volcanic risk of this zone is still lacking. A brief history of volcanic risk in the Neapolitan district is narrated here in an effort to provide new food for thought for the scientific community that works for the mitigation of volcanic risk in this area.
This paper presents a thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis of a renewable polygeneration system connected to a district heating and cooling network. The system, fed by geothermal energy, provides thermal energy for heating and cooling, and domestic hot water for a residential district located in the metropolitan city of Naples (South of Italy). The produced electricity is partly used for auxiliaries of the thermal district and partly sold to the power grid. A calibration control strategy was implemented by considering manufacturer data matching the appropriate operating temperature levels in each component. The cooling and thermal demands of the connected users were calculated using suitable building dynamic simulation models. An energy network dedicated to heating and cooling loads was designed and simulated by considering the variable ground temperature throughout the year, as well as the accurate heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses of the network pipes. The results were based on a 1-year dynamic simulation and were analyzed on a daily, monthly, and yearly basis. The performance was evaluated by means of the main economic and environmental aspects. Two parametric analyses were performed by varying geothermal well depth, to consider the uncertainty in the geofluid temperature as a function of the depth, and by varying the time of operation of the district heating and cooling network. Additionally, the economic analysis was performed by considering two different scenarios with and without feed-in tariffs. Based on the assumptions made, the system is economically feasible only if feed-in tariffs are considered: the minimum Simple Pay Back period is 7.00 years, corresponding to a Discounted Pay Back period of 8.84 years, and the maximum Net Present Value is 6.11 M€, corresponding to a Profit Index of 77.9% and a maximum Internal Rate of Return of 13.0%. The system allows avoiding exploitation of 27.2 GWh of primary energy yearly, corresponding to 5.49∙10³ tons of CO2 avoided emissions. The increase of the time of the operation increases the economic profitability.
This paper analyses data regarding the seismicity and ground deformations of the island of Ischia. The goal is to describe these phenomena as a space–time process, exploring the mechanism as a whole in order to answer questions concerning why and how historical earthquakes occurred and the geological constrains at the time of the earthquake of 21 August 2017. According to our analysis, the genesis of earthquakes in the island may be due either to regional tensile tectonics or to increased pressure in a shallow magma source. The eruptive rest following the 1302 Arso lava flow, the seismic silence from 1883 and the ground sinking recorded at least from the end of the nineteenth century suggest a decline of pressure in the shallow magma source and in the action of the stress field generated by the spreading of the Tyrrhenian Basin. The mechanism that can generate the observed ground deformation field and seismicity is the gravitational and thermal loading of the island, because the load of the massif of Mt. Epomeo onto its hot substratum may induce the gravitational spreading that would have produced its sliding southwards and its rotation northwards. The surface of detachment plunges towards the south and emerges at a high angle at the northern edge of Mt. Epomeo, where coseismic ground effects and the greatest damage have been observed. This mechanism that generated the 21 August 2017 earthquake could be extended to historical seismicity.
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Thus the great Greek geographer Strabo, in his work, Geography, who lived between 64 B.C. and 19 A.D. described the coast of the Piana Campana in the stretch from Sinuessa, a city in Lazio to the borders of Campania as far as Punta Campanella. It is also eloquent that at this time the word Cratere (Crater) was used to denote the structural depression of the Campanian plain overlooking the gulf of Naples between the island of Capri, to the west, and the island of Ischia to the south-east.
Abstract
Cyperus polystachyos is a hygrophilous, thermophilous and heliophilous plant with a punctiform distribution in southern Italy, where it is almost exclusively found on Ischia, an island in the Bay of Naples characterized by widespread volcanic hydrothermal activity. This species is a native of tropical and subtropical areas and there is evidence for ancient isolation events in the creation of its current distribution pattern.We have studied the historical literature available for this plant since 1800 and collected temporal and spatial presence data of this species in order to develop a habitat suitability map based on a GIS approach and using a multiple linear regression model. Moreover, we have used univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show the importance of the environmental mosaic around fumaroles to preserve the species; urbanization and geothermal energy use of fumaroles in the past and the combination of abandonment of the typical agricultural system and the natural occurrence of reforestation in the present are the main causes of the decline in the number of populations.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/11263504.2014.951713#.VAb4pGdO670
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