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Vermispora grandispora. A-D. Conidia. E. Conidiophore with a conidium. Bars: A-E = 15 µm.

Vermispora grandispora. A-D. Conidia. E. Conidiophore with a conidium. Bars: A-E = 15 µm.

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According to morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region, a new genus Brachyphoris is established for the very short conidiophored species previously included in the genus Dactylella viz. D. helminthodes, D. stenomeces, D. oviparasitica, D. tenuifusaria and D. brevistipitata. A detailed delimitation of the genus Vermispora is also propos...

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... Egg of Globodera pallida. Distribution: Netherlands ( Burghouts and Gams, 1989 the conidia of V. fusarina appear shorter than those of V. grandispora (Deighton and Pirozynski, 1972). Deighton & Pirozynski, Mycological Papers 128: 87, 1972 ( Fig. 5) Conidiophores borne as lateral branches of the mycelial hyphae, almost colourless, simple, smooth, thin-walled, substraight, slightly geniculate above at the old conidial scars, 22-55 µm long, 3.5-4 µm wide near the base diminishing gradually to about 2.5 µm wide towards the apex, septate and with a basal septum. Conidial scars about ...

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... Some of them were specifically associated with different types of management (conventional or organic) and future studies confirming their implications could become a predictive signature of the vineyard management system used 32 . Similarly, the main dominant representatives of the core fungal communities were Solicoccozyma, Morteriella and Alternaria which are mainly involved in degrading organic matter [33][34][35][36] . Figure 2b suggests that there was a more diverse and balanced core within the dominant bacteria genera than within the fungal core microbiota, where just three genera seemed to dominate the populations in a substantial proportion of the samples. ...
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... It is the causal agent of a long-term population suppression of this nematode in field 9E at the University of California Riverside Agricultural Operations (Borneman and Becker, 2007). Dactylella oviparasitica was re-named Brachyphoris oviparasitica (Chen et al., 2007) and subsequently assigned to the teleomorphic species Hyalorbilia oviparasitica (Baral et al., 2018). DoUCR50 was most recently re-named as Hyalorbilia aff. ...
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Chapter
The classes Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes are early diverging lineages in the Pezizomycotina. The Orbiliomycetes, with a single order and single family, produce small ascomata, small unitunicate asci that open without an operculum, and minute ascospores. They are saprobic or predaceous on invertebrates. The order exhibits a range of conidial states, all of which develop holoblastically. Some of the anamorphs are found routinely in aquatic habitats. The Pezizomycetes are organized under a single order with 13 families. Families are distinguished based on characters of the asci, ascospores, and general morphology of the ascomata. Many members are mycorrhizal. Saprobes occur on plant material and dung. There are a few plant parasitic species. Of note in the class is the multiple origin of hypogeous taxa, nearly all of which occur within clades that are known to be mycorrhizal. Mitosporic states developing holoblastically are known in most families.
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Plant-parasitic nematodes are important pests, causing billions of dollars damage to the world’s food and fibre crops. However, from an ecological perspective, this group of nematodes is simply one component in a vast array of organisms that live in soil. All these organisms interact with nematodes and with each other, and during that process, contribute to regulatory mechanisms that maintain the ­stability of the soil food-web. Populations of individual species do not increase indefinitely but are subject to a constant series of checks and balances, which more or less stabilises their population densities. Thus, biological control is a normal part of a properly functioning soil ecosystem, with plant-parasitic nematodes only becoming pests when they are no longer constrained by the biological buffering mechanisms that normally keep them in check. This chapter therefore focuses on approaches that can be used to restore, maintain or enhance the natural nematode-suppressive mechanisms that should operate in all agricultural soils. The positive impact of organic matter and the negative effects of tillage, biocides, fertilisers and other management practices on suppressiveness are discussed, together with examples of suppression due to host-specific natural enemies. The problems ­associated with replacing soil fumigants and nematicides with biological alternatives, and the ecological issues likely to affect the efficacy of such products, are also considered.