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This Perspective Paper discusses a special case of digitalization, namely social robots. Adding sociophysical and agentic properties to robots is likely to trigger new organizational and work dynamics. Despite high market expectations and increasing interest in robotics-related and broader interdisciplinary outlets, robotic technologies have attrac...
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Context 1
... specifically, our search included the following management journals (all included in the Financial Times Top 50): Academy of Management Review (AMR), Academy of Management Journal (AMJ), Administrative Science Quarterly (ASQ), Journal of Management (JOM), Journal of Management Studies (JMS), Management Science (MS), Organization Science (OrgSci), Organization Studies (OS), Research Policy (RP), Human Relations (HR), Human Resource Management Journal (HRMJ), and Strategic Management Journal (SMJ). The search resulted in the identification of surprisingly few studies, which are listed in Table 1. ...
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... the few available studies in top-tier management journals (Table 1) have focused on how firms develop robotic technologies, investigating how the robotics industry has developed over time, how new products are developed in the industry, how knowledge is acquired and how innovativeness is promoted. Only very recently has an interest in the use of robotic technology in the workplace and how it affects work-related processes and outcomes begun to emerge. ...
Context 3
... mobile servant robots, physical assistant robots and person carrier robots (ISO 13482:2014). Table 1 Published articles in leading management journals addressing robotics. ...
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... Journal Methodology Key findings Futuristic visions of organizations Ericson (1972) AMJ Conceptual The article envisions and discusses cybernetic organizations. A key task of management is to create an emerging organization that is capable of responding naturally to system dynamics, thus emancipating employees. Programmable automation and process innovation Collins et al. (1988) AMJ A longitudinal study of 54 manufacturing establishments during the period 1973-1981 Organizations with technologically advanced production systems are less likely to adopt programmable automation technologies than organizations with less advanced production systems. The innovation system of Japanese robotics Kumaresan and Miyazaki (1999) RP The U.S. patent DB; Compendex Engineering database (scientific publications); ...
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This chapter explores the shift in the balance of individual versus collective values instigated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The incredible viral spread rate among the population and its relatively high fatality rate has initially resulted in an assertion of the primacy of collective values (such as collective safety, collective responsibility, confo...
Citations
... Interactions with social software robots, such as AI assistants, are rapidly becoming a common part of everyday life [20,65]. In contrast, interactions with embodied AI-powered social robots are not yet widespread, although substantial resources are being invested in their integration into various domains of life [28,56,62]. It has been argued that automated vehicles (AVs) will represent the first large-scale deployment of mobile social robots in everyday environments [46][47][48], discipline with a comparable need for expertise from diverse scientific backgrounds [29]. ...
Substantial resources are being invested in integrating social robots and automated vehicles (AVs) into everyday life. I argue that both social robots and AVs with artificial intelligence (AI) can be considered social actors within the broader category of "intelligent machines". If they are indeed integrated into society on a large scale, the fields of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and Automated Vehicles-Other Road User Interaction (AV-ORU) face the challenge of studying their behavior and impact within an emerging hybrid human-machine society. However, both disciplines are in their early stages regarding the exploration of interdependencies between their entities of interest and the complex adaptive systems in which they (will) operate. I propose that meta-scientific insights from systems science provide valuable perspectives to guide the formulation of research questions and the design of future studies across both disciplines.
... Hospitals have been undertaking its digitalization and automation over the past decade [1]. The internal supply chain is significantly improved, which mitigates many conventional inventory and replenishment problems [2]. However, the rise in disasters and pandemics raises new challenges for hospitals. ...
Researchers have been developing different forecasting methods for hospital pharmaceuticals and consumables (Medical Products – MPs) according to this sector's needs. Many practitioners still use traditional estimators. However, the ongoing automation of the hospital logistic process in developed countries and the frequent disasters enforce advanced and efficient forecasting systems usage. These new factors prompted practitioners to consider the forecasting methods developed by researchers to improve the quality of health services. However, selecting the appropriate method from the hundreds is not an easy task. This paper shows the outcomes of the forecasting methods commonly used for predicting MPs’ demand in daily activity and during disasters. It presents their comparative analysis and provides insights into AI-based forecasting models’ usage and outcomes
compared to others. Results show that AI-based forecasting models are more deployed for MPs’ demand forecasting in daily activity. However, they are less used to predict MPs’ demand during
disasters.
... Hospitals have been undertaking its digitalization and automation over the past decade [1]. The internal supply chain is significantly improved, which mitigates many conventional inventory and replenishment problems [2]. However, the rise in disasters and pandemics raises new challenges for hospitals. ...
... The social aspects of robotics require a thorough understanding of employees, work dynamics, collaboration, managerial roles, well-being, and career advancement [65]. Addressing ethical implications via visible digital ethics and effective regulation is crucial, as is evaluating the effectiveness of computer vision and developing user-friendly interfaces for educational robotics [63]. ...
Intelligent robotics has the potential to revolutionize various industries by amplifying output, streamlining operations, and enriching customer interactions. This systematic literature review aims to analyze emerging technologies and trends in intelligent robotics, addressing key research questions, identifying challenges and opportunities, and proposing the best practices for responsible and beneficial integration into various sectors. Our research uncovers the significant improvements brought by intelligent robotics across industries such as manufacturing, logistics, tourism, agriculture, healthcare, and construction. The main results indicate the importance of focusing on human–robot collaboration, ethical considerations, sustainable practices, and addressing industry-specific challenges to harness the opportunities presented by intelligent robotics fully. The implications and future directions of intelligent robotics involve addressing both challenges and potential risks, maximizing benefits, and ensuring responsible implementation. The continuous improvement and refinement of existing technology will shape human life and industries, driving innovation and advancements in intelligent robotics.
... As robotics continues to advance and integrate into various sectors, it is important to examine the potential risks and benefits associated with its widespread adoption [1]. The social aspects of robotics require a complete understanding of employees, work dynamics, cooperation, managerial roles, well-being and career advancement in a new way [21]. The integration of physical robots alongside human labor can increase productivity and efficiency, while intelligent robots expand cost-effective operations and enable automation through new technologies [22]. ...
The fourth industrial revolution, with the emergence of artificial intelligence and robotics, is transforming various industries, including the manufacturing industry. Robots are increasingly replacing repetitive and dangerous tasks and helping humans to do more complex and creative tasks. Meanwhile, a new generation of robots called collaborative robots are emerging that can work alongside humans in industrial environments. In industrial environments, the coexistence of humans and robots brings many challenges that require appropriate and efficient solutions. One of the most important challenges in this field is to create coordination and cooperation between humans and robots. Humans and robots are two beings with different structures and capabilities that require effort and the intersection of their abilities to achieve greater productivity and efficiency. In addition, the issue of human security and protection in the presence of robots is also one of the important challenges that should be given special attention. In general, the coexistence of humans and robots in industrial environments requires careful planning, proper training, and the use of advanced technologies to solve problems and improve performance.
... The question of value pluralism and the creation of new standards is instead especially relevant in the case of social robotics. For example, the introduction of social robotic platforms into the workplace and how this affects work-related processes, including how knowledge, status hierarchies, and roles evolve over time, is a highly debated topic that requires investigating social robots in relation to individual, team and organisational practices and norms [16]. Several studies have shown how the engagement with a social robot application in hospitals, like a pharmaceutical-dispensing robot or telepresence robots and surgical robots, differs on the basis of role configurations, and can lead to diverse experiences by the part of technicians, assistants, trainees, nurses, and residents, whose perspectives on well-being and organisational performance must be all taken into account to enhance rather than inhibit new organisational needs and structures [17][18][19]. ...
Social robotic platforms are increasingly entering into human social practices, but to date the question of control and direction of innovation processes surrounding social robotics is still highly debated. In this paper I seek to make a two-fold contribution. Firstly, I critically discuss the “Collingridge Dilemma”, also known as the “dilemma of control” in Science and Technologies Studies, and contemporary efforts to address such a dilemma. I demonstrate how such efforts have neglected some wider implications of the dilemma, whose relevance is instead crucial for addressing ethical implications in social robotics. Secondly, to help improve the understanding of control in social robotics, I investigate two guiding principles that have been identified in responsible innovation literature, e.g., inclusion and responsiveness, and I identify potential methods and paradigms to put them into practice. The general aim of this paper is thus to bridge the gap between the theoretical assumptions of responsible innovation and its realisation in practice, as well as to explicitly integrate social robotics with an ethical dimension that can improve the inclusiveness, transdisciplinarity, and social sustainability of this emerging field.
... It will then be up to teachers to negotiate the appropriate social norms when teaching with social robots, i.e., teachers need to define how the community should relate to each other even though all actors are not human. Unfortunately, sociocultural, ethical, and valuebased implications are often forgotten in favour of discussions of technological development (Ulhøi & Nørskov, 2022). For example, sociocultural effects imply that social norms change when an activity is supplemented with gradually more human-like robots (Ulhøi & Nørskov, 2021). ...
The school's digitalization is an ongoing process that brings new didactic
opportunities, but also challenges. Social educational robots entail a complex
teaching situation and affect the teacher's role, actions, and responsibilities in the
classroom. Through observations in an authentic classroom context, this thesis
aims to provide a nuanced and realistic picture of how teaching with social robots
can unfold. Social educational robots have previously been explored in different
educational contexts, but few studies shed light on the teacher role. Nor is it
discussed what new aspects of digital competence become important when
teaching with educational technologies that exhibit social behaviour. This thesis
studies teacher actions and intended actions in a learning activity where a child
collaborates with a social educational robot. In the activity, the robot is designed
to act as a learning companion (tutee), the child acts as a teacher (tutor), and
sometimes a few peers participate. The study is based on video observations of
teachers' dialogues and behaviours in this learning activity, and a total of 25 hours
of recorded video material has been analysed. The observations are supplemented
with interviews, workshops, and questionnaires, where more teachers reflect on
teaching with social robots.
The result shows that social educational robots may contribute to relevant
learning situations but also introduce new teacher roles, bringing additional
challenges. The teacher's most prominent role in this learning activity is as an
interaction mentor, in which the teacher assists the verbal and non-verbal
interaction between the child and the robot, such as verbal communication
fluency, explaining the robot's behaviour to the child, and maintaining attention.
The result also identifies challenges that may emerge if social educational robots
are used for teaching and learning. One of these challenges is due to the teacher
relating to the robot as a didactic tool as well as a social actor, interchangeably.
This duality causes conflicts in the teacher's actions, as the two perspectives call
for different behaviours. The thesis also shows that using social educational
robots entails new demands for adequate digital competence.
Decent work, a United Nations Sustainable Development Goal, is built on the ethical treatment of workers and ensures respect of their security, freedom, equity, and dignity. In the future, a wide range of technological forces may pose significant impediments to the availability and quality of decent work. This paper applies a prescriptive taxonomy to categorize evidence of the psychosocial impacts technology may bring to the future of work and elucidate the associated ethical concerns. Ethical objectives in support of a future defined by decent work are also offered. Central to this technoethical discourse are the principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice, and respect for persons. Expanded technoethical education, ethical technology assessments, ethical foresight analysis, and revised ethical standards are important ways to address technology-related ethical challenges on a larger scale. The findings in this paper may serve as a foundation for the systemic prevention and control of adverse effects and ethical concerns from the use of technology in the workplace of the future.
The article addresses the identification and prediction of research topics in human–robot interaction (HRI), fundamental in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and future Industry 5.0 (I5.0). In the absence of research agendas in the scientific literature, the study proposes a multilayered model to create a precise agenda to guide the scientific community in new developments in collaborative robotics and HRI technologies. The methodology is divided into four stages, which make up the three layers of the model. In the first two stages, scientific articles on HRI for the period 2020–2021 were collected and analyzed using data mining techniques together with VantagePoint and Gephi software to identify keywords and their relationships. These initial stages form layer 1 of the model, where the main scientific themes are recognized. In the third stage, article titles and abstracts are cleaned and processed using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, generating word embeddings models that highlight relevant HRI-related terms, forming layer 2. The fourth and final stage uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture to predict future topics, consolidating the previously identified terms and forming layer 3 of the model. The results show that in layer 1 HRI has intensive application in various sectors through advanced computational algorithms, with trust as a key feature. In layer 2, terms such as vision, sensors, communication, collaboration and anthropomorphic aspects are fundamental, while layer 3 anticipates future topics such as design, performance, method and controllers, essential to improve robot interaction. The study concludes that the methodology is effective in defining a robust and relevant research agenda. By identifying future trends and needs, this work fills a gap in the scientific literature, providing a valuable tool for the research community in the field of HRI.
Independent and autonomous at-home care can solve many current societal issues. However, with increased life expectancy and the rise of aging populations, further improvements to interactive robots are needed to increase Quality-of-Life. The standalone Toyota Human Support Robot has the ability to conduct independent at-home care. However, it lacks the establishment of autonomous social behaviors. We show that, by synthesizing a 3D multi-modal social interactive agent, it is capable of performing active listening in conjunction with the physical HSR. We perform a user analysis between social behaviors of standalone HSR and proposed by us – SIA-HSR. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of our proposed approach, enhanced user experience, and improved rapport-building with HRI.
