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# comparison of maximum compressive strains. A) í µí¼ = 45° B) í µí¼ = 30°

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As pipelines pass from large geographical regions, their passage through areas with active faults in seismic regions might be inevitable. On the other hand, map of active faults is faced with many uncertainties and it is not possible to estimate the precise place of fault, angle of fault and the fault line. Thus, as lifelines, pipelines are vulnera...

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... The pipe element modeling will use the FEM shell element model in the analysis of the pipe crossing the fault area. The reason for using the shell element is because it can be used to observe wrinkle, local buckling, and ovalization of the pipe cross-section (Pour & Fadaee, 2017). The type of shell element used is S4R. ...
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In submarine pipeline route planning, there is a possibility that the pipeline route will pass through a potential geohazard in the form of an active subduction zone. The planned pipeline route in this study is located in the Arafura Sea, which cross path through a subduction zone system that has a thrust fault mechanism. To analyse the structural response of the pipe passing through the thrust fault, a numerical analysis using the finite element method is being used. Numerical modelling will accommodate the interaction of nonlinear behaviour between an API 5L X70 steel pipe and a cohesive clay soil. Then the pipe section in the fault area will be examined in detail with a parametric study of the variation in the angle of the pipe passing through the fault line and the impact of various earthquake magnitudes. The results of the numerical analysis show that the maximum von mises stress and maximum strain values will have a greater value for a larger pipe angle and a greater earthquake magnitude. The axial strain along the pipe will be significantly increased at the fault line and has a greater value for the pipe on the hanging wall than the pipe on the footwall. It can be concluded that the optimum route for the submarine pipeline passing through the thrust fault should be kept as small/short as possible against the fault line. The results of this analysis are expected to provide an overview of the behaviour of submarine pipes that pass through the thrust fault so that the pipe route designed can be optimal by considering safety, integrity, and efficiency.