Table 5 - uploaded by Akira Midorikawa
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Previous research has explored whether the Japanese concept of Indecisiveness is different from western cultures. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire scale to measure the concept of Japanese Indecisiveness (Yujufudan). In the first study, a factor analysis was carried out using data from 255 college students. Four different factors,...
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Introduction. Procrastination is a very interesting topic because even if procrastinators could anticipate
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... Japan vs. the United States: d = −1.05; see results in Study 2). 1 Some evidence suggests that high indecision in Japanese society relates to its characteristics of social relationships (Komiya et al., 2011;Saito & Midorikawa, 2016). For example, Saito and Midorikawa (2016) showed that Japanese indecisiveness is characterized by stronger concerns about what others choose and making different choices from others. ...
... see results in Study 2). 1 Some evidence suggests that high indecision in Japanese society relates to its characteristics of social relationships (Komiya et al., 2011;Saito & Midorikawa, 2016). For example, Saito and Midorikawa (2016) showed that Japanese indecisiveness is characterized by stronger concerns about what others choose and making different choices from others. Coupled with the findings that Japanese show higher sensitivity and social anxiety compared with individuals from other countries (Sato et al., 2014;Schreier et al., 2010), it is likely that the proposed socio-ecological framework-from relational mobility to rejection sensitivity to interpersonal indecision-may help explain the cross-country variations in indecision. ...
Relational mobility is a socio-ecological factor that shapes our interpersonal behaviors. Across four studies involving three countries ( N = 2,874), we tested the hypothesis that low relational mobility increases sensitivity to social rejection, which in turn fosters decision avoidance and difficulty in interpersonal situations (i.e., interpersonal indecision). Study 1 showed that countries with low relational mobility reported more subjective difficulties in interpersonal decision-making. Studies 2a and 2b demonstrated that cross-country differences in interpersonal indecision can be mediated by relational mobility and concerns about rejection. Study 3 further revealed that this mechanism is driven by heightened concerns and evaluations of negative relationship outcomes. Study 4 replicated the proposed mechanism using a scale that assesses the general tendency to experience interpersonal indecision. Our findings highlight the importance of socio-ecological context in shaping experiences when navigating interpersonal relationships.
The present article reports the development of an easier method for classifying types of procrastination. Undergraduates (N=974) completed an awareness of procrastination scale, the Japanese version of the General Procrastination Scale, and the Decisional Procrastination Scale. Cluster analysis using multivariate normal mixture models showed that the participants could be classified into 4 types. In order to select important variables for classification, an importance index was calculated by a random forest, after which a decision tree for classification was conducted without using multivariate analysis. The decision tree reliably reproduced the classification that had been obtained by the clustering method. The variables that were important for the decision tree were optimistic thinking, negative feelings during and after procrastination, and scores on the Decisional Procrastination Scale. The results of a validation study, comparing the 4 types with depression, effortful control, and academic performance, described features of each of the 4 types. The 4 types could be named negative feeling type, optimistic type, task prioritizing type, and emotional control type.
Research has shown that emotional testimony given by victims or their family can affect jurors’ or lay judges’ decision-making processes, but little attention has been paid to cross-cultural and individual variations. The present study examined whether cultural and individual differences were associated with how victim impact statement (VIS) affected mock lay judges’ decision making in East Asian contexts. Participants from Japan (n = 74) and Taiwan (n = 64) reviewed a transcript of a lay participation (or Saiban-In) trial with or without an emotional VIS by the bereaved family and then made verdict and sentencing decisions individually. The results showed no main and interaction effects of VIS and culture on verdict decision, perceived strength of evidence, and sentence decision. Regression analyses showed that Need for Affect predicted higher perceived strength of evidence against the defendant and more guilty verdicts, and the effects were stronger in the VIS condition. We concluded that emotional VIS in a written format may not be biasing by nature in East Asian contexts; however, including a VIS could risk the possibility of bias in the fact-finding process of lay judges with a higher tendency to approach emotional information.
The current status and trends in personality research in the field of Japanese psychology between July 2016 and June 2017 were investigated. A total of 120 journal papers and 375 conference proceeding papers were extracted from personality-related research, and then classified and investigated from quantitative viewpoints. Japanese personality-related research accounted for 48.0% of all the papers published in eight major Japanese psychological journals during the target period; moreover, 47.2% of all presentations from two major psychological conferences (a total of 222,986 research participants) included 132 newly developed personality scales and items. Statistical causal analysis methods characterized by SEM were widely employed in these studies. Trends in research themes and implications of the status of personality-related research on personality psychology and the science of individual differences are also discussed.
This article reviews recent trends in measurement, evaluation, and research methods for educational psychology in Japan. The topics we discuss are classified into five issues: (a) use of statistical analysis, (b) educational evaluation, (c) examination and testing, (d) psychological scales, and (e) other research. We point out the increased usage of confirmatory factor analysis and the multilevel model, as well as the problems of random item effects and dealing with missing data. The importance of developing evaluation literacy and its suggested future perspectives is also stressed.
