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Source publication
This report is available at: http://www.responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/14289/A-comparative-study-of-men-and-women-gamblers.pdf
Research objectives
This study was funded by the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation to extend the analyses conducted for A Study of Gambling in Victoria (Hare, 2009) to provide detailed a...
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Limited research has been conducted on the experiences of individuals in long-term recovery from addiction, and addictions are usually studied in isolation. However, no theories of addiction differentiate between addictions or assume that individuals will experience only one addiction. This study aimed to compare affect between individuals with add...
Citations
... It has been demonstrated that what drives the differences between male and female gambling among adults is their motivation: women often reported gambling as an escape from their problems, to relieve stress and boredom; men were more likely to gamble for social reasons, for general entertainment, and to demonstrate their skills as players, or in an attempt to become wealthy from their win [7]. ...
Background
Studies published on gender-related differences in the gambling behavior of adolescents have focused mainly on psychological and social factors. The aim of this study was to develop separate risk factor models for male and female adolescents, considering the environmental, psychological, behavioral and socio-economic factors related to their gambling.
Methods
A survey was conducted through a questionnaire developed on a dedicated web site in 2014 on a representative sample of the Italian 15–19-years-old population, including 34,922 students attending 438 secondary schools. The SOGS-RA questionnaire was used to measure gambling behavior. To verify the risk factors associated with gambling a logistic regression stratified by gender was performed.
Results
In our representative sample of Italian adolescents nationwide, the prevalence of each level of gambling was higher in males than in females. The logistic regression stratified by gender found that for both genders, gambling was positively associated with internet surfing, playing sports, getting into a fight, having unprotected sex, pulling stunts, drinking alcohol at least once in the previous month, having not a satisfactory relationship with teachers, receiving pocket money from parents, spending each week much money and having someone in the family (father, sister/brother, other relatives) who gambles. On the other hand, having poor or average school marks, going to ED in the previous year, smoking at least once in the previous month, having dissatisfied with relationships with father and having a lower family income than their friends was only associated with gambling in boys. Having an accident or injury in the previous year and having a mother who gambled was associated only in girls with higher odd of at risk or problem gambling behavior. A low psychological distress is protective only in girls for risk of gambling.
Conclusions
Understanding the gender-related differences, and how they emerge in younger people at the start of their gambling careers, can suggest how best to educate individuals, families and the community on the topic of gambling. Programs to prevent substance use and abuse should be multifaceted, and include efforts to prevent gambling with a gender perspective approach.
... Similarly, in the study by McNeilly and Burke (2002), seniors most often cited entertainment and pleasant experiences among the motivations for gambling. In contrast, in the study by Hing et al. (2014), the entertainment motive was mentioned significantly more often by non-problem gamblers than by at-risk gamblers (without distinction by age). It is interesting to note how surveyed men define these sensations. ...
... In the study on seniors by Desai et al. (2004), nonproblem gamblers mentioned financial motivation less frequently. In contrast, in the study by Hing et al. (2014), the motive of gambling for money was indicated more often by non-problem than at-risk gamblers. With regard to the Polish context, the author's research shows that for Polish seniors, regardless of gender, financial motivation is very important, which may partly explain the unfavorable material status and their desire to improve it or support their adult children (Lelonek-Kuleta, 2020). ...
The aim of the research was to learn about the specifics of motivation to gamble for retired men in Poland against the background of the severity of gambling problems. Gambling activity among seniors has not been studied so far in Poland, while global studies usually include seniors as a homogeneous group in terms of gender, which makes it impossible to recognize the gender-specific motivation. The qualitative study carried out in 2017 included 44 men aged 55–83. The recruitment took place in various gambling establishments in Poland. The study inclusion criteria was the subject’s retirement and regular gambling (once a week or more) at least six months before the interview. The thematic analysis was used to data analysis. Ten main motives and five parent categories of gambling motives among senior male gamblers has been identified. The most common motivation to gamble are factors from the self-gratification area. Challenge was the motivation least frequently mentioned by the sample. Non-problem gamblers are most often motivated by social factors, while problem gamblers are mainly motivated by financial reasons and to cope with difficulties. In Poland, a deteriorating financial situation at retirement age can be an important risk factor for gambling problems.
... Accordingly, several studies have been conducted comparing male gamblers to female gamblers (e.g. [23,[30][31][32][33]). However, sexual minority men (SMM), referring to men whose sexual "identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society" [34], have seldom been the focus of gambling research. ...
Background
Sexual minority men (SMM) often experience stressful social environments dominated by stigma and discrimination. SMM are typically more likely than heterosexual men to engage in certain risky behaviours such as problem gambling. This study aimed to compare gambling behaviour among SMM and examine potential risk factors (erroneous gambling cognitions, gambling outcome expectancies, hazardous alcohol use, impulsivity, and psychological distress; as well as perceived stigma and discrimination for the SMM participants) and potential protective factors (resilience, social support, and community connectedness) for problem gambling severity and gambling-related harms among SMM living in Australia.
Methods
An online survey, with an over-representation of SMM participants and problem, moderate-risk, and low-risk gamblers, was completed by 101 SMM (mean age = 28.5) and 207 heterosexual men (mean age = 26.4).
Results
SMM were found to have significantly lower levels of problem gambling severity compared with heterosexual men, and report significantly lower gambling participation, frequencies and expenditure on any gambling activity, casino table games, horse racing/greyhound betting, sports betting, and keno. However, in the SMM group, 38.3% were classified in the problem gambling category of the Problem Gambling Severity Index and 27.6% were classified in the moderate-risk gambling category. There were no significant differences between groups in gambling-related harms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that problem gambling severity and related harms were independently predicted by higher levels of impulsivity and erroneous gambling cognitions for both groups.
Conclusions
Lower frequency of gambling behaviours among SMM and similar risk factors predicting problem gambling severity/harms for both groups suggests that problem gambling is not pronounced among SMM. This study adds new evidence to the gambling literature which can be used as comparative benchmarks for future research.
... Respondents who are single were dominant (50.1%), slightly followed by those that claimed to be married (21.0%), while majority (56.96%) of the bettors were Christians. However, our finding on gender corroborates previous studies, which indicated that men are more likely than women to be involved in sport wagering (Dwyer & Kim, 2011;Hing, Russell, Tolchard & Nower, 2014). A qualitative study conducted in Israel showed that many women do not bet because they consider betting to be a waste of family resources (Gavriel-Fried & Ajzenstadt, 2012). ...
The observed exponential upsurge and patronage that sports betting enjoys among Nigerian youths and grown-ups is unequivocally becoming worrisome. This research used cross-sectional data to examine the determinants and effects of this game of chance on the social and economic lives of the majority of its patrons in Northeast senatorial district of Benue State, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive and inferential research methods to analyse the problem. Respondents (n=395) who were drawn using stratified and purposive random sampling techniques, freely completed the administered questionnaire. The result of logistic regression revealed that gender, mode of betting, winning rate, marital status, and bettors' reasons for engaging in gambling (the desire to win money, escape idleness, peers/ social media) significantly influenced punters' participation in sports betting in the study area. The study concluded that although sports betting impacts negatively on the family welfare and productive lives of its patrons, there are gains from the industry as it generates income, government revenue, and employment opportunities, which ultimately foster economic growth in the study area. It is therefore recommended that government should design and implement stringent regulations and policies, and monitor compliance to forestall the emergence of problem betting in the future while it reaps the benefits from the industry.
... Previous studies have shown that men and women have different gambling preferences, which can also be supported by the findings in this study. Women gravitate towards chance-based games (e.g., gambling machines), while men prefer skill-based games (e.g., sports betting and horse racing) [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The items that differed indicate that women might have a higher degree of social guilt when it comes to gambling. ...
GamTest is a self-rating scale of negative consequences of gambling, included in the popular responsible gambling tool Playscan as part of an overall risk assessment and feedback feature. Two previous psychometric evaluations of this instrument yielded contradictory results: in an online high-gambling population, a five-factor model was supported and the instrument had overall good psychometric properties, but in a low-gambling population, the same factor structure was not supported. Because GamTest is used with both low- and high-gambling populations, more psychometric research is needed to fully understand how the instrument works. The current study examined, for the first time, psychometric performance among a sample of low-gambling respondents using a Rasch analysis. Results indicated that the instrument could be improved by decreasing the scale-steps and removing several problematic items demonstrating misfit. Furthermore, the findings indicated that some items functioned differently depending on gender, and that a shortened, improved nine-item version could not differentiate between different levels of risk. Our findings suggest that the instrument would arguably benefit from being adapted for use in a low-gambling population.
... Male gender, low education, young age, being single or divorced, unemployment, sick leave, retirement for health reasons, and low income are reported to predict gambling problems (e.g. Tolchard et al. 2014;Salonen and Raisamo 2015;Dowling et al. 2017). This is a group that the Nordic welfare states' universal system is trying to reach with new synergized multi-professional foci (Klavus et al. 2020). ...
This study addresses criminal convictions, social disadvantage and problem gambling as an interwoven set of problems. It makes use of data from a population-based gambling survey (n = 7,186) conducted in three Finnish regions. The survey data are combined with national registers to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and gambling severity, comparing persons with and without a criminal record. Gambling behavior included past-year (2016) gambling severity and perceived life-time problem gambling. Social disadvantage was assessed using sociodemographic factors such as education, employment status, level of income and receipt of basic social assistance. Logistic regression analysis showed that both past-year problem or pathological gambling (OR: 2.725) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 2.363) were associated with having a conviction, compared to recreational gambling. Low education, unemployment, low income and receipt of basic social assistance were associated with receiving a conviction. When gender, age and sociodemographic factors were controlled for, odds ratios for both past-year gambling problems (OR: 1.223) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 1.586) did not remain statistically significant. The current study suggests that preventive efforts against problem gambling and interventions in criminal justice systems should be expanded to incorporate the aim of reducing social disadvantage.
... Keywords: Gambling, Northern Territory, Australia, Lived experience, Regulation Background Australia has one of the highest gambling participation rates in the world [1]. An estimated 64% of the adult Australian population take part in some form of gambling annually [2], of whom about 2.5% of experience moderate to severe problems caused by gambling [1]. Further, for every problem gambler, about six others (such as family and friends) are negatively affected by their gambling activities [3]. ...
Background
There is a lack of qualitative gambling research on lived experience, help-seeking, and gamblers and affected others’ views on the regulatory environment in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. This study provides 1) lived experience of individuals who reported experiencing harms from gambling, 2) insights into help-seeking for gambling issues, 3) and people’s views on current legislation on gambling in the NT. The results of this study begin to establish an evidence base that could be used to inform targeted interventions for people experiencing harms from gambling in the NT.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a targeted selection of respondents from the 2015 and 2018 NT Gambling Prevalence and Wellbeing Surveys. The sample ( n = 27; age 18+ years; Aboriginal (The term of ‘Aboriginal’ has used been used throughout the manuscript to reflect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, Indigenous, or First Nations people for purposes of brevity. We respect the diversity among these populations.) and Non-Aboriginal) included weekly (online and venue-based electronic gambling machine (EGM)) gamblers, non-regular gamblers, and those negatively affected by others’ gambling. A Framework Analysis approach was used for data analysis. Appropriate ethics approval was obtained.
Results
Negative impacts and harms from gambling were experienced by both gamblers and non-gamblers. These included monetary losses, relationship conflicts, emotional distress, and decrements to health. A lack of self-realisation of gambling issues and awareness of the available services, shame, and embarrassment, were reported as the main barriers to help-seeking. Where help was sought, it was primarily informal (e.g., family) and was rarely preventive. In many instances, self-help strategies were successful in controlling one’s own gambling. Gamblers suggested regulations should set limits on the daily number of hours of playing, the bet size, and reduced access to EGM. The need for strengthening the existing awareness and education interventions was emphasised.
Conclusions
Viewing the findings from a public health lens, targeted approaches based on specific circumstances may have the potential to minimise harms from gambling, but only for those already experiencing harms. The treatment, policy, and regulatory approaches need to be tailored to address the causes and impacts of harms experienced by people.
... The gambling participation rate in Australia is among the highest in the world (Productivity Commission, 2010), with an estimated 64% of Australian adults take part in some form of gambling annually (Hing, Russell, Tolchard, & Nower, 2014). Further, about 2.5% of the adult Australian population experience moderate to severe problems caused by problem gambling (Productivity Commission, 2010). ...
This report presents findings from a follow-up qualitative study to the 2018 Northern Territory Gambling Prevalence and Wellbeing Survey. The study explored people’s gambling behaviour, associated harms, help-seeking for gambling issues, and their views about current legislation on gambling in the Northern Territory (NT). The aim of this study was to generate an evidence base that could be used to inform targeted interventions for people experiencing harms from gambling in the NT.
... Hing et al. 2014 [19] A comparative study of men and women gamblers in Victoria. ...
... The use of quantitative measures meant findings were limited to outcomes and did not explore the contextual influences than may have led to these outcomes. Based on the same material as study [19], comparison of 5508 men and 5727 women who gamble in Victoria (AUSTRALIA). ...
Background
While the prevalence of women’s participation in gambling is steadily increasing, there is a well-recognised male bias in gambling research and policy. Few papers have sought to synthesise the literature relating to women and gambling-related harm and provide practical suggestions to guide future research, policy, and practice which take into account the specific nuances associated with women’s gambling.
Methods
A narrative literature review was conducted to review the evidence base on women’s gambling behaviours and experiences of harm. Drawing from strategies used effectively in other areas of public health, key elements for a gendered approach to harm prevention were identified and adapted into practical public health research, policy and practice strategies.
Results
Results indicated a lack of research that explores women’s gambling. Few studies have examined the impact of gambling on the lives of women, with limited understanding of the factors that influence women’s engagement with gambling products, and the impact of industry tactics. A gendered approach was identified as a strategy used successfully in other areas of public health to shift the focus onto women and to ensure they are considered in research. In tobacco control, increasing trends in women’s smoking behaviour were combatted with targeted research, policy and practical initiatives. These key elements were adapted to create a conceptual framework for reducing and preventing gambling harm in women. The framework provides regulatory direction and a research agenda to minimise gambling-related harm for women both in Australia and internationally. Evidence-based policies should be implemented to focus on the influence of gender and associated factors to address gambling-related harm. Practical interventions must take into account how women conceptualise and respond to gambling risk in order to develop specific harm prevention programs which respond to their needs.
Conclusion
A gendered approach to gambling harm prevention shifts the focus onto the unique factors associated with women’s gambling and specific ways to prevent harm. As seen in other areas of public health, such a framework enables harm measures, policies, and interventions to be developed that are salient to girls and women’s lives, experiences and circumstances.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12954-019-0284-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
... Hing et al. 2014 [19] A comparative study of men and women gamblers in Victoria. ...
... The use of quantitative measures meant findings were limited to outcomes and did not explore the contextual influences than may have led to these outcomes. Based on the same material as study [19], comparison of 5508 men and 5727 women who gamble in Victoria (AUSTRALIA). ...
