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Variations des précipitations et pluviométries moyennes mensuelles de 1977 à 2007 (Station météorologique d'El Jadida)Le vent constitue l'élément climatique fort déterminant par leurs méfaits sur la région, assistés par leur régime et par la monotonie des reliefs. Les plus fortes valeurs de la vitesse des vents sont enregistrées entre les mois d'Avril et Août. Ces vents soufflant souvent de l'intérieur sont des vents chauds et secs, issus de l'appel d'une dépression atlantique, il s'agit des vents «chergui » qui sont souvent la cause de dégâts considérables pour les cultures. Pendant l'Automne et l'Hiver, des vents soufflent par intermittence du Sud-Ouest ou de l'Ouest, sauf pendant les périodes de stabilité de l'anticlinal des Acores, ils sont, pendant la saison froide, le véhicule des pluies. Plus réguliers et plus constants en direction sont au contraire les vents alizés, qui soufflent du Nord et du Nord-Est, s'ils n'ont pas dans la région des effets spectaculaires ; ils représentent cependant un facteur puissant d'érosion (Varnier, 1952).
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In order to highlight the changes that are made at the level of the quality of agricultural soils in the Jorf Lasfar area after the installation of various industrial units, we conducted a sampling companion during October 2014. Samplings were carried out following two horizons (0-2,5cm) and (2,5-10cm) in three stations. To assess the quality of ag...
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... The recorded values were in the order of NO 3 − (23 ppm) and NO 2 (0.0001 ppm). These values confirmed the safety of water according to DIAEA/DRHA/SEEN 2008 standards (Table S2) [30]. ...
... The pH is an important parameter because the degree of acidity or basicity plays a very important role in the assimilation of nutrients by the plant. The results of pH analysis, presented in Table S3, showed that the soil taken from the Masmouda Mountains had a basic pH with an alkaline tendency of about 8.50, according to the DIAEA/DRHA/SEEN 2008 standards [30]. ...
... The salinity analysis of the studied soil measured by electrical conductivity (EC in dS/m) revealed a value of 0.119 dS/m. According to DIAEA/DRHA/SEEN 2008 standards [30], according to Table S4, this value was less than 4 dS/m, which means the studied soil was not saline. ...
Origanum compactum Benth (O. compactum) is widely used traditionally in Morocco to treat a broad range of illnesses, including infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, quality control, and antibacterial activity of O. compactum leaf and flower essential oil. First, a quality control study on soil and irrigation water was performed to determine whether there was any risk of heavy metals endangering human health or causing stress to the plants studied. Laboratory examination of the environmental quality of the researched species revealed an almost absolute absence of metals that could endanger human health or any abiotic stressor. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation of O. compactum leaves and flowers and moisture content were 4.27% and 12.20%, respectively. GC/MS identified 35 volatile compounds in the studied EO majorly composed of thymol (38.59%) followed by carvacrol (26.65%), o-cymene (14.33), and γ-terpinene (11.22%). The antibacterial activity of O. compactum leaf and flower essential oil was evaluated using the solid-state diffusion method against five Gram-negative bacterial strains and a Gram-positive strain. The results show that the essential oil of O. compactum leaves and flowers has a considerable inhibitory effect against E. coli with an MIC = 0.35 µg/mL, E. pseudocoloides (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), E. vekanda (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), K. pneumoniae (MIC = 0.7 µg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL), and S. aureus (MIC = 0.35 µg/mL).
La pollution chimique, dans la région de Casablanca impacte la qualité des sols agricoles. Cinq sites de la région de Casablanca sont étudiés : les sites d’Oued Hassar, Oued Merzeg, Bouskoura, Benslimane-Mohammedia et Bouznika. L’objectif est l’analyse comparative de cinq éléments traces métalliques(Cadmium, Plomb, Cuivre, Zinc et Nickel) des sols afin d’évaluer l’état environnemental et de préserver les potentialités et l’innocuité des sites de la région de Casablanca . Un suivi des variations des paramètres physico-chimiques du sol (pH, carbonates de calcium et matières organiques) est réalisé, suite à la dégradation de l’eau d’irrigation par l’utilisation d’eaux usées, et de l’impact de la pollution chimique. L’étude statistique par le test d’Anova montre des différences significatives concernant les paramètres physico-chimiques entre tous les sites. L’analyse des éléments traces métalliques montre que les sols des sites irrigués par Oued Hassar présentent des teneurs en Cadmium de 2,91 ppm et en Plomb de 137,61ppm qui dépassent les normes préconisées par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (O.M.S.), respectivement de 2 ppm et 100 ppm. Les teneurs en Cuivre dans les sols des sites irrigués par l’Oued Merzeg restent les plus élevées et sont de 896,62 ppm. Les teneurs en Zinc dans les sols proches de la cimenterie de Bouskoura sont prédominantes par rapport aux autres éléments et sont de 537,22 ppm. Dans les sols de MohammediaBenslimane, les teneurs de Cadmium sont de 2 ,36 ppm . Les teneurs en Plomb dépassent rarement 100 ppm.L’étude statistique par le test d’Anova montre des différences significatives entre tous les sites pour tous les éléments traces métalliques sauf pour le Nickel. Chemical pollution in the peri-urban area of Casablanca impacts the quality of agricultural soils.Five sites from the region of Casablanca have been studied: Oued Hassar, Oued Merzeg, Bouskoura, Benslimane-Mohammedia, and Bouznika.The objective is the comparative analysis of five trace metal elements in soils in order to assess the environmental state and to preserve the potential and harmlessness of sites in the Casablanca region.The environmental state of these sites requires knowledge of the physico-chemical parameters of the soil (PH, Calcium carbonates, organic matter), following the degradation of irrigation water by the use of wastewater or the impact of chemical pollution.The environmental state studied through metallic trace elements shows that the soils of sites irrigated by Oued Hassar have cadmium and lead contents which exceed the standards recommended by the World health organisation (WHO), respectively 2 ppm and 100 ppm.The contents are respectively 2,91 ppm and 137,61ppm.The copper contents in the soils irrigated by the Merzeg wadi remain the highest.The contents are 896,62 ppm. The zinc contents in soils near the Bouskoura cement plant are predominant compared to the other elements.The contents are 537,22 ppm. In Mohammedia-Benslimane soils, the cadmium contents are very variable, moderate and can exceed 2 ppm. Lead levels rarely exceed 100 ppm.The statistical study by the Anova test shows significant differences in the contents of metallic trace elements except for nickel.