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In the present study, Lard oil methyl ester (LOME) has been extracted from pig fats by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst. The effect of LOME addition to pure diesel on the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investiga...
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... Hydro Carbon (HC) Figure 3 shows variation of HC with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, emission of hydrocarbon decreases. This is due to the increase in air temperature at the end of compression stroke, enhancement in combustion temperature and reduction in charge dilution leads to complete combustion and reduction in hydrocarbon emissions [10]. And as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases, emission of HC also decreases. The HC emission is least at compression ratio 17.5 among the three compression ratios. For diesel fuel HC is decreased by 3.5% at a compression ratio of 17.5. The variation of CO with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg is shown in Figure 4. It is observed that as compression ratio increased, emission of CO is decreased. This is due to, at high compression ratio better combustion occurs [6]. Also as percentage of biodiesel in the blend increased, emission of CO is decreased. At a compression ratio of 17.5 the values of CO emission are a minimum among the three compression ratios. Figure 5 shows the variation of CO 2 with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, emission of CO 2 decreases. This is due to the better combustion [6]. Also as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases, the carbon dioxide emission decreases. At a compression ratio of 17.5 for B10 fuel sample the CO 2 emission decreases by 17.7% compared to the emission at a compression ratio of 17. Sunil J. D'Souza et al.: Effect of Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Blends of Lard Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel on C I Engine NO X also increases. Also as percentage of biodiesel in blend is increased, emission of NO X also increased. This is due to the availability of excess oxygen in the biodiesel. Hence highest NO X is observed at a compression ratio 17.5. For diesel NO X increases by 16.4% at a compression ratio of 17.5 compared to that at compression ratio of 17. Figure 7 shows variation of smoke opacity with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, smoke opacity decreases for most of the loads and the blends. But as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases smoke opacity also increases. At a compression ratio of 17.5 the emission of smoke will be less than that at other compression ratios. At a compression ratio of 17.5, smoke opacity value for B20 is decreased by 2.5% as compared to that obtained at a compression ratio of 17. ...
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Citations
... However, opacity declines with the rise in CR for SF1, SF2 and DF. Increasing the load value and CR generally improves the combustion pressure and combustion temperature inside the engine cylinder, guarantees complete combustion and decreases the opacity of the test engine (D'Souza et al., 2015). Opacity for SF2 and DF is lower than SF1 at all CRs. ...
The study aims to determine the the optimal value of output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation. The performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), whereas CO emission, HC emission, CO2 emission, NOx emission, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and opacity are the emission parameters measured during the test. Tests are conducted for 2, 6, and 10 kg of load, 16.5 and 17.5 of CR.
In this investigation, the first engine was fueled with 100% diesel and 100% Calophyllum inophyllum oil in single-fuel mode. Then Calophyllum inophyllum oil with producer gas was fed to the engine. Calophyllum inophyllum oil offers lower BTE, CO and HC emissions, opacity and higher EGT, BSEC, CO2 emission and NOx emissions compared to diesel fuel in both fuel modes of operation observed. The performance optimization using the Taguchi approach is carried out to determine the optimal input parameters for maximum performance and minimum emissions for the test engine. The optimized value of the input parameters is then fed into the prediction techniques, such as the artificial neural network (ANN).
From multiple response optimization, the minimum emissions of 0.58% of CO, 42% of HC, 191 ppm NOx and maximum BTE of 21.56% for 16.5 CR, 10 kg load and dual fuel mode of operation are determined. Based on generated errors, the ANN is also ranked for precision. The proposed ANN model provides better prediction with minimum experimental data sets. The values of the R2 correlation coefficient are 1, 0.95552, 0.94367 and 0.97789 for training, validation, testing and all, respectively. The said biodiesel may be used as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel.
The blend of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-producer gas is used to run the diesel engine. Performance and emission analysis has been carried out, compared, optimized and validated.
