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Variation of CO 2 with Compression ratio for different fuel samples 3.2.4. Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) NO x is formed during combustion because of high temperature inside the cylinder. Figure 6 shows the variation of NO X with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, emission of
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In the present study, Lard oil methyl ester (LOME) has been extracted from pig fats by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst. The effect of LOME addition to pure diesel on the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine has been experimentally investiga...
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... Hydro Carbon (HC) Figure 3 shows variation of HC with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, emission of hydrocarbon decreases. This is due to the increase in air temperature at the end of compression stroke, enhancement in combustion temperature and reduction in charge dilution leads to complete combustion and reduction in hydrocarbon emissions [10]. And as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases, emission of HC also decreases. The HC emission is least at compression ratio 17.5 among the three compression ratios. For diesel fuel HC is decreased by 3.5% at a compression ratio of 17.5. The variation of CO with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg is shown in Figure 4. It is observed that as compression ratio increased, emission of CO is decreased. This is due to, at high compression ratio better combustion occurs [6]. Also as percentage of biodiesel in the blend increased, emission of CO is decreased. At a compression ratio of 17.5 the values of CO emission are a minimum among the three compression ratios. Figure 5 shows the variation of CO 2 with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, emission of CO 2 decreases. This is due to the better combustion [6]. Also as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases, the carbon dioxide emission decreases. At a compression ratio of 17.5 for B10 fuel sample the CO 2 emission decreases by 17.7% compared to the emission at a compression ratio of 17. Sunil J. D'Souza et al.: Effect of Compression Ratio on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Blends of Lard Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel on C I Engine NO X also increases. Also as percentage of biodiesel in blend is increased, emission of NO X also increased. This is due to the availability of excess oxygen in the biodiesel. Hence highest NO X is observed at a compression ratio 17.5. For diesel NO X increases by 16.4% at a compression ratio of 17.5 compared to that at compression ratio of 17. Figure 7 shows variation of smoke opacity with respect to compression ratio for diesel and LOME blends (B10, B20 and B30) at a load of 12 kg. It is observed that as compression ratio increases, smoke opacity decreases for most of the loads and the blends. But as percentage of biodiesel in blend increases smoke opacity also increases. At a compression ratio of 17.5 the emission of smoke will be less than that at other compression ratios. At a compression ratio of 17.5, smoke opacity value for B20 is decreased by 2.5% as compared to that obtained at a compression ratio of 17. ...
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At the center of energy transitions are biofuels. Biofuels play an important role in the low-carbon economy. Currently, supported by various policies, the demand for biofuels is increasing across the globe. Agricultural products also used for food purposes are the primary feedstock used for the production of biofuels. Unfortunately, this has led to an ethical debate known as food-versus-fuel that endures until today. However, converting food wastes into biofuels may be the solution to end this fierce debate. This chapter provides an overview of the production of various types of biofuels from food wastes. Food waste valorization by microalgae for biofuels and the progress of microalgae biofuel commercialization are also addressed.KeywordsWasted resourcesNon-fossil fuelsMicroalgaeBiomass
