Table 2 - uploaded by Yanhua Cheng
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Source publication
Individuals’ reaction tendencies in emotional situations may influence their social rela- tionships. In two studies, we examined whether perceived similarity in emotional reaction tendencies between the self and a close other was associated with individuals’ emotional well-being. Participants rated how the self and a close other (mother in Study 1;...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... we averaged the ratings for each emotion across the eight vignettes and conducted 10 two-level fully unconditional models (targets as level 1 and individuals as level 2) using the 10 emotions as dependent variables. Table 2 summarizes the variances at both levels and the percentages of variances at the target level for each emotion. ...
Context 2
... first examined whether similarities between emotional reactions profiles were associated with any demographic variables including sex, age, racial group, marital status, and education level. Table 2 shows the correlations among the three similarity scores, sex, and age. Sex was related to self-mother similarity and self-general similarity. ...
Similar publications
Emotional interdependence—here defined as partners’ emotions being linked to each other across time—is often considered a key characteristic of healthy romantic relationships. But is this actually the case? We conducted an experience-sampling study with 50 couples indicating their feelings 10 times a day for 7 days and modeled emotional interdepend...
Citations
... A similar association was shown regarding the children's perspective toward parents (Cheng & Grühn, 2016). For example, emerging adults who believed that they share similar interests and behaviors with their fathers reported higher relationship quality and were likely to rate their fathers' parental investment higher (Gallup et al., 2016). ...
We examined whether perceived similarity in COVID-19 centrality (i.e., the extent to which one thinks of the pandemic as shaping current and future life) is associated with family relationship quality during the pandemic. Thinking that other family members are similar to oneself regarding the pandemic's centrality may improve the quality of family relationships. We collected data from Turkish family triads (i.e., mother, father, 18–25 years old child) and had 481 participants from 180 families. Participants rated their similarity in COVID-19 centrality with the other two family members and reported the general and daily quality of their relationship with them (relationship satisfaction, closeness, conflict). We analyzed the data using the Social Relations Model. We found that family members who, on average, perceived more similarity in COVID-19 centrality reported higher levels in positive attributes of general relationship quality (i.e., satisfaction and closeness). The effects on conflict and daily relationship quality were less conclusive. This research confirms that family members' reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic are interdependent. Perceiving that other family members are of similar minds about the centrality of the pandemic relates positively to some aspects of relationship quality.
... First, in only a few studies of perceived self-other similarity have the target others been parents, but those studies suggest that perceived self-parent similarity can have intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences. Among adults, perceived selfmother similarity in emotional reactions to situations was found to positively predict emotional well-being (Cheng & Grühn, 2016). Among adolescents, perceived self-parent value agreement was found to positively predict perceiving their parents as caring and admirable and the self-parent relationship as close (Barni et al., 2011;Knafo & Schwartz, 2012). ...
Associations have been found between communal motives to feel warmly connected with others and perceiving similarities between self and others, presumably because perceived self-other similarity helps satisfy those motives. The current research examined the phenomenon in a novel and consequential context: Young adults’ perceived self-parent agreement regarding the values or preferences the young adult should prioritize in making life decisions. First, we describe an unregistered study in which 2,071 undergraduates from eight countries reported the qualities (e.g., attractive, outspoken) they prioritized when evaluating a potential spouse and the qualities they believed their parents would want them to prioritize. Second, we describe a registered study in which 1,141 undergraduates from five countries reported their basic values (e.g., security, hedonism) and the values they believed their parents would want them to prioritize. As hypothesized, stronger communal motives towards parents predicted greater self-parent agreement (regardless of the order in which students completed the measures). We also introduce a method for differentiating sources of individual differences in perceived agreement reflecting covariation between normative (average) and/or distinctive (non-normative) components of participants’ profiles of self- and other-ratings. Analyzing these distinct components of agreement suggested that communal motives were associated more strongly with students projecting their values onto their parents than with students introjecting parents’ values onto themselves, although both mechanisms—projection and introjection—likely played a role.
... An encourging observation, also motivating this work, is in the use of emotional reaction profiling via perception as a predictor for emotional well-being [5]. This suggests that different people may perceive similar emotional reaction to various situations. ...
Automated mood recognition has been studied in recent times with great emphasis on stress in particular. Other affective states are also of great importance, as studying them can help in understanding human behaviours in more detail. Most of the studies conducted in the realisation of an automated system that is capable of recognising human moods have established that mood is personal—that is, mood perception differs amongst individuals. Previous machine learning--based frameworks confirm this hypothesis, with personalised models almost always outperforming the generalised methods. In this article, we propose a novel system for grouping individuals in what we refer to as “perception clusters” based on their physiological signals. We evaluate perception clusters with a trial of nine users in a work environment, recording physiological and activity data for at least 10 days. Our results reveal no significant difference in performance with respect to a personalised approach and that our method performs equally better against traditional generalised methods. Such an approach significantly reduces computational requirements that are otherwise necessary for personalised approaches requiring individual models developed separately for each user. Further, perception clusters manifest a direction towards semi-supervised affective modelling in which individual perceptions are inferred from the data.
... The core assumption is consistent with Crandall et al.'s (2008) findings that similarity along socio-demographic characteristics leads to interaction, but then interaction and sociability between peers result in further similarity. This is descriptive of the process of social influence which bolsters individuals toward imitating and exhibiting similar attitudes and behaviors within a social network (Crandall et al., 2008;Cheng and Grühn, 2015). The social influence perspective underscores that new forms of similarity may develop over time as a result of interpersonal learning, accommodation and consistent influence, people gradually becoming more similar to their peers at multiple levels (Bahns et al., 2016). ...
Purpose
The paper aimed at exploring the influence of five dimensions of similarity (i.e. condition similarity, context similarity, catalyst similarity, consequence similarity and connection similarity) on Facebook social networks development.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 245 Romanian college students. SmartPLS 3 statistical software for partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was chosen as the most adequate technique for the assessment of models with both composites and reflective constructs.
Findings
More than 52% of the variance in social network development was explained by the advanced similarity model. Each dimension had a positive effect on Facebook social networks development, the highest influences being exerted by condition similarity, context similarity and consequence similarity.
Research limitations/implications
The current approach is substantively based on the homophily paradigm in explaining social network development. Future research would benefit from comparing and contrasting complementary theories (e.g. the rational self-interest paradigm, the social exchange or dependency theories) with the current findings. Also, the research is tributary to a convenience-based sample of Romanian college students which limits the generalization of the results to other cultural contexts and, thus, invites further research initiatives to test the model in different settings.
Originality/value
The study is among the first research initiatives to approach similarity structures and processes within an integrative framework and to conduct the empirical analysis beyond US-centric samples.
The link between depressive symptoms and relationship functioning has been well-documented. Evidence for affective concordance in depressive symptoms between partners suggests that couples are aware of each other’s mood and symptoms; however, there have been no direct tests of the extent to which couples accurately perceive their partner’s mental health. The present study assessed spouses’ empathic accuracy and assumed similarity bias in rating each other’s depressive symptoms using the truth and bias actor-partner interdependence model for indistinguishable dyads. We hypothesized that husbands and wives would show significant assumed similarity but not significant empathic accuracy when rating their partner’s depressive symptoms. Participants were 55 racially and ethnically diverse heterosexual couples ( N = 110 individuals) with a child between the ages of 10–16 recruited from the community. Results did not provide evidence for empathic accuracy in rating a spouse’s depressive symptoms. Instead, we found significant assumed similarity, such that ratings of a spouse’s depressive symptoms were associated with one’s own level of depressive symptoms. We also found evidence of directional bias, such that, on average, spouses overestimated each other’s level of depressive symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that couples may not be particularly attuned to their partner’s subjective ratings of depression-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Future research should explore the processes accounting for partners’ perceptions of each other’s mental health, and the impact of these perceptions on relationship functioning.
This study examined couples' perceptions of each other's daily affect, using a daily diary methodology. Specifically, we tested the extent to which couples accurately inferred how their partner was feeling (empathic accuracy) and the extent to which spouses used their own feelings as a gauge for how their partner was feeling (assumed similarity). We also tested for indirect accuracy in couples' perceptions; that is, that assumed similarity in the context of actual similarity leads to empathic accuracy. Participants were 51 couples who completed daily diaries for seven consecutive nights. Results based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model indicated that couples showed both empathic accuracy and assumed similarity in their perception of their partner's positive affect; however, they used assumed similarity in rating their partner's hard negative (anger, hostility) and soft negative (sadness, fear) affect. Furthermore, tests of indirect accuracy found that wives were indirectly accurate in perceiving their husbands' positive affect and both husbands and wives were indirectly accurate in perceiving each other's hard negative affect because they were biased. Complementing laboratory studies, the present study highlights that examining couples' perceptions of each other's feelings in contexts of daily life, and differentiating positive and negative emotions, can further our understanding of the role of emotions for healthy relationship functioning.
© 2018 Family Process Institute.
The ability to accurately determine the emotional state of others is critical for successful social functioning. However older adults can demonstrate selective difficulties in identifying negative emotions from faces while the ability to identify positive emotional faces is preserved. In younger adults the categorization of facial expressions of emotion has been shown to rely on the processing of specific subsets of visual information (e.g. broadly smiling mouth in happiness, wide open eyes in fear)1,2. However it remains unclear whether healthy older adults process the same specific visual cues as younger adults in a less efficient manner when processing negative expressions, or if they attend to and encode qualitatively different information. We investigated whether the diagnostic information underlying the correct emotion categorization of five basic facial expressions (happy, fear, disgust, anger and sadness) changes as a function of observer age (young vs. older adults) and facial age (young vs. middle-aged vs. older faces). We applied the bubbles reverse correlation methodology with two groups of participants: younger (N=15, 18-35 years) and older adults (N=15, 65+ years). Results revealed that younger and older adults used qualitatively equivalent information to accurately categorize happy and fearful faces, but that the information used by both groups differed when they categorized fear in younger vs. older adult face stimuli. Older adults generally experienced more difficulty with the remaining negative emotions (disgust, anger and sadness) and exhibited a sub-optimal use of the diagnostic facial features. These results constitute a novel, highly detailed account of the specific visual features underlying the classification of facial expressions as across observer and transmitter of the emotional expressions stimulus age. 1Smith Cottrell, Gosselin & Schyns, 2005, Psychological Science 2Smith & Merlusca, 2014, Emotion Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
