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In recent years, evaluation the effects of alkaloids extraction on the environment is considered regarding the importance of environmental issues. Tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine have many applications in the medical field. The purpose of the present study is using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the environmental impact as...
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Some medicinal plants of the Solanaceae produce pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids (TAs), such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Littorine is a key biosynthetic intermediate in the hyoscyamine and scopolamine biosynthetic pathways. However, the mechanism underlying littorine formation from the precursors phenyllactate and tropine is not completely unde...
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... Gate-to-gate LCA was conducted for extraction and drying steps on a pilot scale to obtain antioxidants from rosemary leaves (Rodríguez-Meizoso et al., 2012). Also, gate-togate LCA was conducted for laboratory-scale extraction of alkaloids from Atropa belladonna (Amiri et al., 2017). Iannone et al. have investigated the industrial stages of the production of extracts or juices. ...
The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental loads resulting from the two conventional operations for drying of medicinal plant extracts and to select effective variables to reduce impacts on a commercial scale. The boundaries of the system are limited on the production processes, including the production of maltodextrin carrier, extraction and drying of the extract. The functional unit of this study was 65.1 kg of product powder. SimaPro 9.0 was used to model the system with EcoInvent database. IMPACT 2002 + method was applied to estimate the environmental impacts. The data required to complete the inventory list, for the freeze-drying, were obtained from the manufacturer, and for spray drying, from published researches and the mass and energy balances. The results showed that the highest environmental loads in both drying processes are related to the extract production, and specifically, electricity consumption. By eliminating the common items of mass and energy, with the aim of comparing the two processes, it was shown that the freeze-drying method creates more environmental loads than spray drying. Sensitivity analysis was performed, and efforts were made to improve the impacts in both processes. With the proposed opportunities for process improvement, the impacts were reduced by about 20% in the spray drying and by up to 31% in the freeze-drying.
... With the validation of this rigorous scientific tool, it would be possible to justify the expansion of the phytochemical biopharmaceutical alternative and progressively replace chemical synthesis, since it is tangible evidence that should demonstrate the reduction in the environmental damage and in the C footprint, among other variables, as well as their contributions to the axes of sustainability. In this sense, there are very few LCA reports for the production of secondary metabolites from plants and, to the best of our knowledge; they focus on the production processes under field conditions (McAlister et al., 2016;Amiri et al., 2017). The foregoing evidence that LCA studies in the production of bioactive phytomolecules mediated by biotechnology is a pending task that must be developed in parallel with the upscaling of bioprocesses related to the biosynthesis, induction, separation and purification of this sort of compound. ...
... Quantitative determination of alkaloid was done according to the method of Amiri et al. (2017). The percentage of alkaloid is expressed as: ...
Proximate analysis plays an important role in assessing the appropriateness of medicinal plants or their extracts orally taken by the marginal communities. It assessing its primary, secondary metabolites and to screened out in vitro biological assays of medicinally active plant. Quantitative analysis of Dicliptera bupleuroides was done by estimation of the primary and secondary metabolites (total carbohydrates, total starch, total proteins, total amino acids, total lipids, total glycosaponins, total alkaloids, total polyphenolics and total flavonoids) in plant powder. The maximum value of total carbohydrates (10.4 mg), total starch (4.81mg), total protein (15.78mg), total amino acids (7.87mg), total lipids (2.65mg)/100mL, total glycosaponins (11%), total alkaloids (5.51%), total polyphenolics (25.40%) and total flavonoids (3.58%) were respectively. Haemolytic, DNA protection assay and sun protection assay were determined according to the standard procedures. Different extracts showed various results however ethyl acetate fraction show best results in all assays while different fractions show diverse results. Results of the present study give an evidence for the existence of diverse primary and secondary metabolites and thus rationalizes its use in traditional medicines for the curement of different aliments owing to the safety profile on human red blood cells. There is a positive indication in safe use of this plant.
... Flash flood is defined as a rapid and extreme flow of high water into a normally dry area, or a rapid water level rise in a stream or creek above a predetermined flood level, beginning within 6 h of the causative event (NWS 2016, Amiri et al. 2017. The Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) approach is widely employed in America and Europe (Villarini et al. 2010, Georgakakos 2006, Reed et al. 2007). ...
... Linder (2000) and Bernath andTetenyi (1979, 1981) described the effect of environmental factors on growth, development and alkaloid production of poppy including day-length, light intensity and temperature; some important variations were recorded. Amiri et al (2017) investigated the environmental impact on the assessment of total alkaloid extracted from the Atropa belladonna using Life Cycle Assessment. It was found that green processes should be utilized for extraction of alkaloids, and according to the impacts of chloroform utilized in the extraction process; the chemical materials with minimal damage to the environment should be replaced. ...
Medicinal plants are considered as a very important source of secondary metabolites and therefore bioactive molecules. Our comparative study deals with two species: Hyoscyamus albus and Hyoscyamus muticus harvested in two different climate regions namely: Arris (semi-arid, wilaya of Batna) and Djanet (arid, wilaya of Illizi), respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed that aerial parts of the two species contain almost all classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, quinones, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, coumarins and alkaloids. The quantitative assessment of alkaloids in hydroalcoholic extracts of the two plants showed that the total alkaloid content varies depending upon the species and climate conditions. The alkaloid level was found to be 0.51% and 0.32% in Hyoscyamus albus and Hyoscyamus muticus respectively. Moreover, the antibacterial test vis-à-vis some pathogen bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that both alkaloid crude extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts are moderately active against the tested bacterial strains.
... In the experiment, multi-spectral KONOS images are segmented into non-repetitive sub-images, and 256-dimensional color histograms of the sub-images are extracted and considered as their spectral features. However, the sub-images are in large quantities, and objects with similar characteristics are segmented into different sub-images, which is not conducive to image retrieval (Amiri et al., 2017). To better describe major features of images and reduce the number of feature vectors, the k-means algorithm is introduced to cluster segmented sub-images. ...
Although scholars have conducted numerous researches on content-based image retrieval and obtained great achievements, they make little progress in studying remote sensing image retrieval. Both theoretical and application systems are immature. Since remote sensing images are characterized by large data volume, broad coverage, vague themes and rich semantics, the research results on natural images and medical images cannot be directly used in remote sensing image retrieval. Even perfect content-based remote sensing image retrieval systems have many difficulties with data organization, storage and management, feature description and extraction, similarity measurement, relevance feedback, network service mode, and system structure design and implementation. This paper proposes a remote sensing image retrieval algorithm that combines co-occurrence region based Bayesian network image retrieval with average high-frequency signal strength. By Bayesian networks, it establishes correspondence relationships between images and semantics, thereby realizing semantic-based retrieval of remote sensing images. In the meantime, integrated region matching is introduced for iterative retrieval, which effectively improves the precision of semantic retrieval.
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are known for their valuable secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids and steroids, fatty acid-derived substances, and alkaloids, which possess various therapeutic and aromatic properties. However, these plants are often exposed to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals, which negatively impact their growth and essential metabolite production. However, in response to these abiotic/environmental stresses, plants evolve various physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms for their protection and survival. These mechanisms include adjustment of the plant membrane system, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormone, and accumulation of osmolytes in the cellular compartments of plant cells. These vital compounds act as a defense system for plants in adverse environmental conditions. Secondary metabolites in plants are also affected by stress conditions. However, they play a major role in the adaptation and survival of plants to the changing environment and stress conditions. The level of stress in medicinal and aromatic plants leads to production of the secondary metabolites in the plants. This chapter will describe a detailed review of the effect of abiotic stress on secondary metabolites of different medicinal and aromatic plants.
After cereal harvesting, rice is subjected to several milling processes to remove hull, germ, and bran and produce the final white rice. The bran represents around 10% of total grain weight and is usually considered as waste material. One of the most common rice bran applications is the extraction of rice bran oil, rich in γ-oryzanol, which has shown many health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypercholesterolemic properties. Rice bran oil is usually extracted by organic solvents, which are toxic for health and the environment. In this work, rice bran oil was extracted through isopropanol extraction, and the best-operating temperature and bran to solvent ratio have been identified. After that, an ultrasound-assisted extraction was conducted at room temperature and with the same rice bran to solvent ratio of the isopropanol extraction.
The kinetics evaluation through Peleg's model showed that the solvent extraction reaches the steady-state after 15 min while the ultrasound-assisted extraction reaches the steady-state after only 1 min producing very similar yields in rice bran oil and γ-oryzanol. Comparing these two green extraction techniques through a life cycle assessment, it has emerged that with the same amount of rice bran oil produced, the ultrasound-assisted extraction is the less environmentally impacting process. The room temperature ultrasound-assisted extraction allows minimizing the energy and time consumption demonstrating to be a sustainable process in line with the principles of green chemistry.
