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absorbance of ITO films under different irradiation

absorbance of ITO films under different irradiation

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Article
The present study focuses on the influence of gamma irradiation induced through the morphology effects on the modification of the optical and the electrical properties of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. The prepared samples were exposed to low gamma radiation at room temperature with doses 3.90 Gy, 7.81Gy, 11.7 Gy, and 15.62 Gy from...

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... Changes in the matrix's crystallinity lead to shifts in the films' band gaps, influencing the bonds between the matrix and nanofiller. Additionally, a visual examination revealed a color change from completely transparent P(4-ClAni) to semi-transparent P(4-ClAni)/ The Urbach energy, which represents the tail portion of the weak-photon energy area or expanded bands states, is given by [39]: ...
Article
In this work, a thin film containing a flexible polymer nanocomposite of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and poly(4-chloroaniline) P(4-ClAni) was successfully synthesized using the green polymerization fabrication method. To confirm the effective synthesis of the P(4- ClAni)/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, the XRD, SEM, and FTIR analyses were used. The SEM pictures revealed that the nanocomposite contain Fe2O3 nanoparticles distributed throughout the polymer matrix. The optical absorbance of the P(4-ClAni) and P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 films was measured at room temperature using a UV-vis spectrophotometer from 190 to 1150 nm. The optical properties of P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 films were calculated using Tauc's relation. The Urbach energy of the P(4-ClAni) increases from 0.96 eV to 1.65 eV, 1.73 eV, and 1.86 eV, respectively, when mixed with 2%, 4%, and 6% of Fe2O3. On the other hand, the band gap energy of P(4-ClAni) decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.39 eV, 3.07 eV, and 2.84 eV, respectively, with the addition of 2%, 4%, and 6% Fe2O3. Based on the results of this study, the composite P(4-ClAni)/Fe2O3 sheets can be used for flexible electronic devices.
... In light of this, the prior structural analysis demonstrates that the addition of TiO 2 significantly altered the composite film's structural features. The value of the coefficient (K 0 ) is established using [25]. ...
Article
In this work, flexible MC/TiO2 polymer composites were successfully manufactured using the solution casting method to enhance their implementations in optical applications. The composite consisting of methylcellulose (MC) with different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The successful fabrication of MC/TiO2 films were confirmed through XRD characterization. The addition of TiO2 enhances the refractive indices (n0), it increased from 1.014 for MC respectively to 1.025,1.032 and 1.045 for MC/3%TiO2, MC/6%TiO2 and MC/9%TiO2. The MC exhibited an oscillation energy of 6.86 eV, changed respectively to 5.25 eV, 4.96 eV, and 4.59 eV. Furthermore, the dispersion energy values were observed to be 0.18 eV for MC, respectively changed to 0.23 eV, 0.26 eV, and 0.35 eV, for MC/3%TiO2, MC/6%TiO2 and MC/9%TiO2. The data clearly indicates the introduction of TiO2 into the MC polymer results in a modification of its optical characteristics, to be applicable in different fields of optoelectronics.
... − 2 irradiated composite, the g rises from 10.7 for the pure PVA/CuO lm to 14.1, which further supports the production of a disordered system in the composite. As seen in Fig. 4 The extinction coe cient (K) is estimated by [39]. irradiated PVA/CuO lms. ...
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The solution casting production process was used to synthesis the composite PVA/CuO that is consisting of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuONP) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for use in optoelectronic. The PVA/CuO composite were then irradiated with argon fluences of 3x10 ¹⁷ , 6x10 ¹⁷ , and 9x10 ¹⁷ ions.cm − 2 by cold cathode ion source. The XRD, FTIR, and UV/Vis are employed to investigate the structural, functional group, and optical impacts of PVA/CuO. In addition, the dispersion properties of the investigated films were calculated using the Wemple and Di-Domenico method, which led to the determination of various optical parameters. Pure and irradiated films were estimated for their optical susceptibility and refractive index. At the fluence of 6x10 ¹⁷ ions.cm − 2 , the single oscillator energy E o rises from 3.25 eV for the un-irradiated film to 3.89 eV and the dispersion energy E d rises from 0.098 eV to 0.26 eV. Therefore, the results reveal that irradiated PVA/CuO composite are more applicable for optoelectronics.
... The light wasted amount owing to the scattering can be determined by the extinction coefficient (K), which is computed through the following equation [55]: Fig. 8a shows the extinction coefficient (K) of different percentages of Cu (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) in (PVC/PE) nanocomposite. At a wavelength of 190 nm, for a Cu concentration of 0 %, the K is 2 × 10 − 3 , while for 3 % Cu, K is 5.47 × 10 − 3 . ...
... Graphene oxide (fGO) embedded in PVC exhibits similar behavior, the Urbach energies increasing with increased graphene oxides as a result of disorder in the nanocomposite (Taha and Saleh 2018). The extinction coefficient (K 0 ) is given by (Kakil et al. 2018) The K 0 of PVA/CS/TiO 2 are plotted with photon energy in Fig. 6a. It is crucial to understand that the increase in defects leads to an enhancement in the absorbance coefficient, which in turn raises K o for composite samples. ...
Article
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Polymer composite materials combines of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), and titanium oxide (TiO2) were successfully synthesizing for using in optoelectronics. Successful incorporation of TiO2 into the PVA/Chitosan (PVA/CS) blend matrix has been demonstrated by XRD, AFM, FTIR and SEM. The TiO2 is uniformly loaded and distributed in polymer chain, as seen by SEM and AFM images. Using UV–Vis optical spectroscopy, we determine the absorption coefficient, band edge, carbon clusters numbers, and Urbach energy. The effects of TiO2 on linear/nonlinear optical characteristics were investigated. The band gap of PVA/CS/TiO2 is reduced when compared to PVA/CS. However, the absorbance and optical conductivity were both increased by TiO2. After mixed PVA/CS with 2.5%, 7.5%, and 10% TiO2, the band gap energy drops from 4.99 for PVA/CS to 4.9, 4.7, and 4.23 eV, while the Urbach tail of the blend is 1.01 eV, it enhanced to 1.45 eV, 1.72 eV, and 2.07 eV respectively. The values of relaxation time ττ\tau decrease gradually from 2.35 × 10–5 s to 1.11 × 10–5, 1.87 × 10–6 to 1.69 × 10–6 s as the concentration of TiO2 is raised from 2.5 to 7.5% and 10%. It has been found that incorporating TiO2 into PVA/CS enhances the synthetic composite’s optical characteristics, making the composite PVA/CS/TiO2 it suitable for use in both energy applications and optoelectronics.
... This suggested that the exposed films became less chaotic over time. The extent of light loss due to scattering could be determined using the extinction coefficient (K o ) by employing the following formula (Kakil et al. 2018): Figure 7b illustrates the effect of varying the ion beam energies on the extinction coefficients as a function of the incoming photon wavelengths for both the untreated and exposed PVA/PANI films. As the density of the flaws and, consequently, the absorption coefficients increased in the exposed films, the extinction coefficients (K o ) also increased. ...
Article
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This work is demonstrate the optical characteristics of PVA/PANI composites using a homemade ion source for applied in optoelectronic devices. A solution casting technique was employed to fabricate the Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyaniline (PVA/PANI) samples. The PVA/PANI samples are irradiated by hydrogen beam fluence of 5 × 10¹⁶, 10 × 10¹⁶, and 15 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm², respectively. The structural modifications of the PVA/PANI samples resulting from ion exposure are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The scanning microscope (SEM) is illustrate the morphology changes of the pure and irradiated samples. The optical gap of PVA/PANI was obtained by Tauc’s formula. By enhancing ion dose from 5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² to 15 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm², the band gap of the PVA/PANI composite decreased from 2.89 eV to 2.71 eV, and the absorption edge moved of 2.43 eV to 1.45 eV. Furthermore, the number of carbon clusters increased from 57 to 66, while the band tail widened from 2.31 eV to 2.47 eV. In addition, other optical characteristics as the refractive indices and dielectric constant were computed. Moreover, Wemple/Di-Domenico analysis was employed to predict the dispersion measures of both untreated and ion-exposed samples. The results indicated that films exposed to 15 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² are optimal for optical device applications.
... The extinction coefficient K o is given by [41]. ...
Article
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The purpose of this study is on developing innovative physicochemical characteristics of flexible composite films for usage in outstanding performance optoelectronics products. This work illustrates the effects of conducting polyaniline (PANI) on the structural and optical characteristics of cellulose acetate (CA). The CA/PANI were successfully synthesized by solution fabrication casting method as demonstrated by XRD, EDX, SEM, and FTIR techniques. The XRD of CA/PANI films recorded the broadness and reduction of peaks intensity with increasing PANI. This is attributed to the intermolecular interactions of CA and PANI. The FTIR recorded a decrease in the intensities of CA/PANI, indicating the successful incorporation of PANI in CA. The surface morphology is investigated by SEM to record the homogenous distribution of PANI in CA. Moreover, the optical behavior of the samples was recorded by UV/Vis spectroscopy in wavelength 190 to 1150 nm. The absorption edge, band tail, band gap, and number of carbon cluster were estimated. By increase PANI content from 2 to 6%, the band gap is reduce from 5.17 to 4.02 eV and the band tail is changed from 0.84 to 3.96 eV. In addition, carbon clusters number is enhanced from 44 to 73. Moreover, the optical coefficients such coefficient of extinction, refractive index were computed. Furthermore, the Wemple/Di-Domenico is used to record the dispersion parameters of CA and CA/PANI films. The results indicate the PANI induced modifications on the linear/nonlinear characteristics of CA films for used these samples in optoelectronics applications.
... Extinction coefficients ( K o ) is computed using the following relation (Kakil et al. 2018): Figure 8a shows the extinction coefficient of non-irradiated and irradiated PEO/NiO nanocomposite films changes with wavelength. It is worth noting that Ko progressively rises upon exposure because of a rise in defect densities and hence the absorption coefficients (Banerjee and Kumar 2011). ...
Article
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In this work, PEO/NiO films composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and nickel oxide (NiO) were fabricated using solution cast method to be used in optoelectronics applications. The PEO/NiO films are irradiated by oxygen fluence of 0.8 × 10¹⁸, 1.6 × 10¹⁸, and 2.4 × 10¹⁸ ions/cm². The XRD as well as FTIR techniques were used to assess the effect of ion bombardment on the crystalline structures and functional group of PEO/NiO films. The absorption (A) and reflection (R) of the untreated and irradiated films was determined using UV–vis spectrophotometer in wavelength range of 200 to 1000 nm at room temperature. The data of A and R were used to calculate the parameters including band gap (Eg), absorption coefficient (α) and refractive index (n). The band gap as well as Urbach energies of un-bombarded as well as bombarded PEO/NiO films was calculated by Tauc's relationship. The band gap is reduced from 3.37 eV for PEO/NiO, to 2.66 eV, 2.57 eV and 2.50 eV after exposed to 0.8 × 10¹⁸, 1.6 × 10¹⁸, and 2.4 × 10¹⁸ ions/cm² correspondingly, Moreover, the ubrach band tail is increased from 1.25 eV for PEO/NiO to 1.36 eV,1.41 eV and 1.45 eV after oxygen irradiation respectively. Additionally, linear optical characteristics have been calculated, including the refractive index and dielectric constant. The dispersing factors of the investigated films have also been computed using the Wemple-Di-Domenico model. The non-linear optic susceptibilities and refractive indices are calculated for un-bombarded as well as bombarded films. This work concluded that the optical behaviour of the bombarded PEO/NiO composite films were modified, indicating that these composites films can used in optoelectronics devices.
... The extinction coefficient (K o ) is important for determining the light wasted amount because of scattering, and it is concluded by employing the following relation [49]: ...
Article
In this work, the solution cast method was used to synthesize PVA/PANI/Ag nanocomposite films. Subsequently, the PVA/PANI/Ag films have been irradiated using oxygen ion beam irradiation fluence (8x1017, 16x1017, and 24x1017 ions/cm2). The effect of ion irradiation on the crystal structure and functional groups of PVA/PANI/Ag films was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) respectively. Additionally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to reveal the change in surface morphology of the irradiated films. The optical band gap and Urbach energy of the unirradiated and irradiated PVA/PANI/Ag films have been determined by employing Tauc’s relation. Furthermore, the linear optical parameters, including extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant, and loss have been deduced. Besides, the dispersion parameters of the studied films were computed by Wemple and Di-Domenico model. Additionally, non-linear optical susceptibility and non-linear refractive index have been calculated for the unirradiated and irradiated films. The reported results show that the irradiated film by 24x1017 ions/cm2 is considered the best for non-linear optical applications and more convenient to the optoelectronic device.
... The metal layer of traditional SPR sensor usually uses precious metals, such as Au and Ag. It has been found that indium tin oxide (ITO) can replace precious metals to produce surface plasmons, so how to use ITO to excite SPR has attracted the researcher's attention [23,24]. ITO film has good conductivity, high transmission to visible light, and high reflection to infrared light [25][26][27]. ...
Article
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The novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on hybrid structure of Ag-indium tin oxide (ITO)-blue phosphorene (BlueP)/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)-graphene is presented. The BlueP/TMDCs heterostructure works as an interacting layer with the analyte for the enhancement of the of the sensor’s sensitivity. For angular sensitivity, when the BlueP/WS2 and graphene are both monolayer, the highest angular sensitivity with 348.8°/RIU is obtained. The maximum angular sensitivity of our proposed SPR sensor is about 2.83 times of the conventional sensor. For phase sensitivity, when the BlueP/WSe2 is monolayer and graphene is bilayer, the highest phase sensitivity with 3.603 × 106 deg/RIU is obtained. The highest phase sensitivity of our proposed SPR sensor is about 2.78 times of the Ag-ITO-graphene structure and 4.16 times of the Ag-ITO structure. The SPR sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, repeatability, and reusability, so it has a good prospect application for food safety detection, biological engineering, medical diagnosis, and biochemical detection.