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a The visual appearance of eight actinomycetes supernatants containing Na2SeO4 after 48 h of incubation. UV–Visible absorption spectra of b biosynthesized SeNPs, and c supernatant (LG)
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Background As antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are no longer as efficient as they once were, multidrug resistant
(MDR) pathogens and cancer are presently considered as two of the most dangerous threats to human life. In this
study, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4, nano‑chitosan (NCh), and their
nanoconju...
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The polymeric nanocomposites (NCs), constructed from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) fruits mucilage (OM), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and chitosan (Ch), were fabricated as potential candidates to overcome drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria. AgNPs were directly mediated by OM, with 4.2 nm mean diameters. The composed NCs from Ch/OM/AgNP...
Citations
... As in a study, SeNPs administration decreased hyperglycemia, increased pancreatic and plasma insulin levels, and repaired damaged pancreatic tissue; they further showed improvement in the removal of diabetes-related oxidative stress damage by lowering lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the pancreas [70]. The most obvious sign of DM is hyperglycemia, which increases the formation of ROS and disrupts the equilibrium between the body's antioxidant defense systems and free radicals [71][72][73]. Yeasts like Candida are capable of accumulating large amounts of trace elements inside their cells including organic substances. It is still unclear how Se accumulates and changes the structure of C. albicans' cell wall. ...
... Furthermore, adding nanometals to a biopolymer matrix can improve their safety and biocompatibility. Consequently, chitosan nanoparticle has a broad variety of applicability as a drug carrier [72]. Chitosan has been shown to have antifungal properties because it diffuses into Candida hyphae and inhibits the growth-promoting enzymes in those hyphae. ...
Diabetes, a leading metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin function, predisposes individuals to fungal infections due to weakened immunity, altered gut microbiota, and other factors, leading to delayed healing. Among these infections, candidiasis, caused predominantly by Candida albicans, poses significant challenges due to antifungal resistance and toxicity associated with conventional treatments. Nano-antifungal formulations offer a promising therapeutic approach. Long-term medication release, increased stability, targeting of infected tissue, decreased off-target side effects, extended blood residence time, and enhanced treatment efficacy are the various benefits of nanoparticles. Hence, the review emphasizes the advanced use of nano-materials, such as metallic (silver, titanium, zinc, gold, and tin), polymeric (chitosan), and lipid-based (liposome) nanoparticles, having antidiabetic properties, which are and could be used for the enhancement of anticandidal activity either alone or with encapsulation of antifungals in nano-formulations, as till now, very few studies have been conducted for their antifungal effects on diabetic patients. Treating C. albicans in individuals with diabetes has shown to be quite challenging, as for antifungal therapy to be effective in diabetic individuals, blood glucose levels must be controlled, thus, the formulated nanoparticle should also possess antidiabetic activity, as discussed in this review. This review highlights recent advancements in nano-based drug delivery systems for diabetic patients with fungal infections, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, safety, and future clinical potential. With nano-formulations acting as a nanocarrier with antidiabetic and antifungal activity among the most prevalent fungus species, this strategy would significantly decrease the probability of infections associated with diabetic patients.
... mg mL −1 . Additional research revealed that Se NPs had cytotoxicity against lung fibroblast cell lines (WI-38) with CC 50 value of 85.69 μg mL −1 [50]. The little effect of lower nanoparticle concentrations on healthy cells could be explained by the regular redox balance. ...
Many phytopathogenic fungi cause a variety of plant diseases which can seriously damage a number of significant crops worldwide. In agricultural and food safety, nanomaterials have become significant for the development of novel antifungal agents that exhibit greater efficacy at lower concentrations than chemical fungicides. In this research, boron/selenium nanoparticles (B/Se NPs) were synthesized via radical polymerization using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and tested for their inhibitory effect against two phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium equiseti, isolated from diseased rice plants and identified morphologically and molecularly. The nanostructure of PVP-loaded B/Se core shell was prepared and confirmed using HRTEM. The size distribution for the nanoparticles ranges between 8.74 and 12.23 nm. The morphology was shown via SEM imaging for the PVP-loaded B/Se sample in cross-section mode. Moreover, their elemental composition analysis was achieved via EDS, and functional structure was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The strong antifungal activity of B/Se NPs was against A. alternata (49 ± 0.57 mm) with MIC of 3.125/0.938 mg mL⁻¹, followed by F. equiseti (30.6 ± 0.33 mm) with MIC of 12.5/3.75 mg mL⁻¹, causing severe damage and deformities to hyphae and conidia observed using optical microscopy and SEM. B/Se NPs cytotoxic concentration (CC50) against normal cell line was 0.361/0.109 mg mL⁻¹. In the future, B/Se NPs are thought to be a useful tool for managing A. alternata and F. equiseti after phytotoxic evaluation in field studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report that investigates the synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of B/Se NPs against tested pathogens.
Graphical Abstract
... Several studies have mentioned the use of chitosan as a polymeric nanoparticle carrier in drug delivery systems 9 . Nakashima et al. 10 recorded that Se/Ch-nanoconjugate may be more easily absorbed by tumor cell lines and have the most anticancer activity. We aimed in this study to investigate an eco-friendly route for pest management control of the cotton leafworm S. littoralis using the bio-fabricated SeNPs and Ch-SeNPs in comparison with fungal spore suspension of P. griseofulvum. ...
... Abd-Elraoof et al. 33 36,37 . Similar to the current results, strong peaks were found in SeNPs and Ch-SeNPs solution at 570, 1090, 1634, 2361, and 3320 cm −1 , which respectively corresponded to haloalkanes, C-O stretching, C-N and C-C stretching, O=C=O bending, and N-H and O-H stretching 10 . Examination through TEM revealed the presence of polygonal and spherical particles in SeNPs produced by fungal filtrates, shifting towards more regular shapes upon chitosan-coating nanoparticles. ...
... The spectrum peaks of EDX analysis confirm the presence of selenium in the nanoparticle solution. This result agrees with SeNPs biosynthesized by Trichoderma atroviride and Streptomyces parvulus 10,34 . Signals of calcium, magnesium, and sodium can also be seen in the figure. ...
The cotton leafworm, Spodoptra littoralis, causes great damage to cotton crops. A new, safer method than insecticide is necessary for its control. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are metalloid nanomaterial, with extensive biological activities. They have low toxicity and can be used safely in plant disease management. In this study, we successfully bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles and chitosan-selenium nanocomposite (Ch-SeNPs) using a fungal cell-free filtrate of Penicillium griseofulvum. The biosynthesized nanomaterials were initially detected optically by the formation of a red color in the solution mixture and the appearance of a strong plasmon resonance peak at 240–300 nm. The biosynthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive X-ray, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. We tested the anti-insect activities of SeNPs, and Ch-SeNPs against larvae of S. littoralis compared to spore suspensions of P. griseofulvum. The results indicated that Ch-SeNPs followed by SeNPs gave a significantly higher mortality percentage than the spore suspension of the tested fungus. The highest production of all biosynthesized nanomaterials was detected after 7 days at 40 °C under alkaline conditions (pH 9). The average size diameter of SeNPs and Ch-SeNPs were 91.25 and 67.41 nm with zeta potential − 8.05 and + 41 mV, respectively. Both Ch-SeNPs and SeNPs gave high mortality rates and low values of LC50 and LC90 for both larvae and pupae. Ch-SeNPs showed stronger activity against S. littoralis than SeNPs and spore suspension at all experimental conditions. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated their safety against honeybee populations. The current study reveals the significant ultrastructure impact of SeNPs on larvae. These findings suggest that selenium nanoparticles and nanocomposite can be fabricated with a costless easy route using fungal filtrate, and they can be used safely in pest control systems that are safe for honeybee populations. It is the first report about the application of Ch-SeNPs as an anti-insect agent.
... The synthesis of nanoscale materials for antimicrobial drug delivery, cancer treatment, biosensing, and bioimaging applications has attracted considerable attention as a specific field of nanobiomedicine [15][16][17][18]. For instance, biopolymers may be functionalized with added nanoparticles of TiO 2 (antibacterial activity), ZnO (mechanical strength), and Se NPs (and oxygen scavenging) to make available optical properties [19][20][21]. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been revealed to be an agent-safe and important material in the development of polymer nanocomposite systems for chemotherapy applications as well as many other non-toxic compounds which have been used as nanofillers [22]. ZnO nanoparticles have several medicinal advantages such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and sunscreen characteristics [23]. ...
In the current research, a chitosan/broccoli extract/ZnO nanoparticle (CH/BE/ZnO) bionanocomposite was created. The physicochemical properties of CH/BE/ZnO bionanocomposite were investigated using a variety of methods, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), elemental analysis (CHN-O), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CH/BE/ZnO bionanocomposite’s biological activity was assessed by examining its cytotoxicity capabilities against a bone cancer cell line (MG63). The total pore volume and specific surface area of CH/BE/ZnO are 0.134 cm³/g and 16.99 m²/g, respectively. The IC50 results for CH/BE/ZnO bionanocomposite in bone cancer investigations using the MTT test against the MG63 cell line was 115 μg/mL. The results indicate that the CH/BE/ZnO bionanocomposite is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against human osteosarcoma. The CH/BE/ZnO bionanocomposite showed high performance and structure, which means innovating nanomaterial agents for biological applications in the future.
... Nano-chitosan has been shown in numerous studies to have potential uses in biomedical attributes, energy storage, drug delivery, biosensing, and electronic fields, among others. These include agricultural applications (Shrestha et al. 2023), energy storage (Rostami and Khodaei 2023), biomedical attributes (Hassan et al. 2024), and biosensing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nano-NPK and nanochitosan as a foliar application at varying doses on the growth and chemical content of Philodendron sellum plants during the seedling growth stage By discussing its effect on the vegetative growth, chemical content of leaves, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant activity. ...
... Å), and they were analyzed based on the Rietveld method in a Bragg-Brentano geometry, and the structure of the composites was characterized using the XRD diffractograms [49]. Using TEM (JEOL 2010, Tokyo, Japan), the AgNPs were examined as per the recommended procedure [50]. A carbon-coated copper grid was used in the TEM for mounting PG-AgNPs. ...
... The treatments were consistently administered to cells that were 40-50% confluent after the subculturing of the cells at an 80%-90% confluency and subsequent splitting at a ratio of 1:6. All treatments were administered for a duration of 48 h, with drug dosages equivalent to half of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values (IC 50 /2). To conduct statistical analysis, three separate cell culture experiments were carried out, with each experiment being replicated three times [2,25]. ...
... Å), and they were analyzed based on the Rietveld method in a Bragg-Brentano geometry, and the structure of the composites was characterized using the XRD diffractograms [49]. Using TEM (JEOL 2010, Tokyo, Japan), the AgNPs were examined as per the recommended procedure [50]. A carbon-coated copper grid was used in the TEM for mounting PG-AgNPs. ...
... The treatments were consistently administered to cells that were 40-50% confluent after the subculturing of the cells at an 80%-90% confluency and subsequent splitting at a ratio of 1:6. All treatments were administered for a duration of 48 h, with drug dosages equivalent to half of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values (IC 50 /2). To conduct statistical analysis, three separate cell culture experiments were carried out, with each experiment being replicated three times [2,25]. ...
Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered novel ways to combat cancer. By utilizing the reducing capabilities of Lactobacillus acidophilus, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized. The anti-cancer properties of AgNPs have been demonstrated in previous studies against several cancer cell lines; it has been hypothesized that these compounds might inhibit AMPK/mTOR signalling and BCL-2 expression. Consequently, the current research used both in vitro and in silico approaches to study whether Lactobacillus acidophilus AgNPs could inhibit cell proliferation autophagy and promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The isolated strain was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus strain RBIM based on 16 s rRNA gene analysis. Based on our research findings, it has been observed that this particular strain can generate increased quantities of AgNPs when subjected to optimal growing conditions. The presence of silanols, carboxylates, phosphonates, and siloxanes on the surface of AgNPs was confirmed using FTIR analysis. AgNPs were configured using UV–visible spectroscopy at 425 nm. In contrast, it was observed that apoptotic cells exhibited orange-coloured bodies due to cellular shrinkage and blebbing initiated by AgNP treatment, compared to non-apoptotic cells. It is worth mentioning that AgNPs exhibited remarkable selectivity in inducing cell death, specifically in HepG2 cells, unlike normal WI-38 cells. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for HepG2 and WI-38 cells were 4.217 µg/ml and 154.1 µg/ml, respectively. AgNPs induce an upregulation in the synthesis of inflammation-associated cytokines, including (TNF-α and IL-33), within HepG2 cells. AgNPs co-treatment led to higher glutathione levels and activating pro-autophagic genes such as AMPK.
Additionally, it resulted in the suppression of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA gene expression. The docking experiments suggest that the binding of AgNPs to the active site of the AMPK enzyme leads to inhibiting its activity. The inhibition of AMPK ultimately results in the suppression of the mechanistic mTOR and triggers apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that the utilization of AgNPs may represent a viable strategy for the eradication of liver cancerous cells through the activation of apoptosis and the enhancement of immune system reactions.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12032-024-02330-8.
... Similarly, the synthesised Se NPs using K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas alcaliphila showed UV-vis absorbance bands at 254 nm 29-30 . This results is also closely related to those outlined by Hassan et al. 31 who observed that the produced SeNPs, which were produced from Streptomyces parvulus MAR4, had a pronounced spectral peak at 300 nm. Conversely, unique absorption peaks were seen in the UV-visible spectra of SeNPs extracellularly synthesised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus respectively, at 520 and 590 nm 32-33 . ...
... These results were consistent with those of Chi et al. 37 who reported the size of the generated AgNPs ranged from 20. 15 -22.21 nm. In contrast, our findings deviate from those of Hassan et al. 31 , wherein the diameter of SeNPs was observed to vary between 48.8 and 129 nm, despite the TEM micrograph of the particles indicating a spherical form. ...
... They can disrupt microbial cell membranes, leading to cell death. AgNPsChito exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity against pancreatic pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi [7]. ...
