Figure - available from: Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
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a) The optimal phylogenetic hypothesis from the maximum likelihood analysis is based on NDHs amino acid sequences of various marine invertebrates; b) Predicted protein structure of the jellyfish´s alternative NDH2-e; c) Predicted protein structure of the jellyfish´s alternative NDH2-i. Both NDH2 sequences are nested in two monophyletic clades: the clade of the cnidarian's external NDH2 (light gray rectangle) and the cnidarian's internal NDH2 (dark gray rectangle). The Hydra vulgaris NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 (XP_047135185.1) was used as the root. Numbers on nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap (left) and SH-aLRT (right) values; values <70 are indicated with an asterisk (*). Scale bars represent the number of amino acid substitutions per site. Taxon sampling and NCBI reference sequences: Dendronephtya gigantea (XP_028392983.1), Xenia sp. Carnegie-2017 (XP_046858910.1), Hydra vulgaris (XP_002159552.2), Stomolophus sp2_external (this study), Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus (XP_057293068.1), Araneus ventricosus (GBL78024.1), Stomolophus sp2_internal (this study), Actinia tenebrosa (XP_031558797.1), Stylophora pistillata (XP_022799964.1), Orbicella faveolata (XP_020602540.1), Limulus polyphemus (XP_022235771.1), Lingula anatina (XP_013399906.1), Pecten maximus (XP_033748227.1), Crassostrea gigas (XP_011418241.2), and Crassostrea virginica (XP_022342033.1)
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During their long evolutionary history, jellyfish have faced changes in multiple environmental factors, to which they may selectively fix adaptations, allowing some species to survive and inhabit diverse environments. Previous findings have confirmed the jellyfish’s ability to synthesize large ATP amounts, mainly produced by mitochondria, in respon...
Citations
Besides human activities and climate change, the physiological adaptations of jellyfish have been associated with their blooming worldwide; these adaptations may allow jellyfish to sustain the energetic demands that short-term exposure to seawater temperature induces. However, scarce information exists about the transcriptomic responses of jellyfish cells when exposed to varying seawater temperatures. This study analyzed the transcriptome of the jellyfish Stomolophus sp.2 to unveil the biochemical basis of specific responses to short-term exposure to different seawater temperatures (18, 23, and 33 °C). The study revealed 1094 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three temperatures analyzed in pairs, low and high temperatures compared to 23 °C (optimal for the species). A total of 96 and 759 DEGs were detected at 18 and 33 °C compared to 23 °C, respectively. The functional enrichment analysis included pathways such as energetic metabolism, glutathione metabolism, lipids metabolism, and immune response, among others. The results confirmed rapid jellyfish transcriptional responses, including changes in the expression of genes related to central metabolism and bioenergetics, to sustain their energy budget and basic metabolic functions closely related to the ability of Stomolophus sp.2 to cope with thermal stress.
