Figure 5- - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
a-c. Lemna valdiviana-a. papillae; b. adaxial view showing four fronds together, rare papillae; c. clarified frond showing one light medium vein. d-e. Spirodela intermedia-d. adaxial view showing three fronds together, without papillae; e. abaxial view showing nine roots per frond. f. Wolffia brasiliensis-longitudinal view showing one papilla and no root. g-h. Wolffiella oblonga-g. longitudinal view, flattened frond; h. adaxial view showing two fronds joined by the upper cavity.
Source publication
Lemnoideae are the smallest Angiosperms, Wolffia is the genus with smallest fronds and flowers. Morphological interpretations are difficult and terms used for description are slightly different from those used for other plants. A survey of Lemnoideae was carried out in Paraná between July 2013 and September 2014, the specimens collected were identi...
Similar publications
Caridina longirostris H. Milne Edwards, 1837 described from specimens supposedly from La Macta River near Oran, Algeria, is an emblematic species of the ‘C. nilotica complex’. Until now this species was thought to have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific region. Recently, numerous specimens identified as C. longirostris were collected from vari...
Citations
... Lemna minuta is widely distributed in Brazil, where it is native but not endemic to that country. According to Pott and Lourenço (2024b), this species occurs in the northeast, southeast, central-west and south regions; however, the authors cite possible occurrences for the north region ( Pott and Cervi (1999), Pereira et al. (2016), Lourenço and Bove (2019) and Pott and Lourenço (2024b). ...
... Although its holotype was described with botanic material from India, the species was later recorded in Oceania, Africa, and the Americas, including Brazil (Les and Crawford 1999;Les et al. 2002;GBIF 2023; Flora e Funga do Brasil 2023). Despite its broad distribution, there is no notable geographical variation in morphology (see Pott 2002;Valkenburg and Pot 2008;Al-Mayah and Al-Saadi 2013;Hassemer et al. 2015;Pereira et al. 2016;Lourenço and Bove 2019;Lee et al. 2020). This worldwide distribution is probably a reflection of dispersion through ornitochory (Les et al. 2003), but also can occur by humans that may have introduced the species in different parts of the world (Pyšek et al. 2020). ...
Landoltia punctata is a species of duckweed originating from India, but has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica. It is of economic interest, being used in phytoremediation, but mainly due to its high invasive potential. Here we report the first record of this species in the Amazon region, both expanding its known distribution and raising awareness about the potential losses of biodiversity that may occur in the kind of environment where the species was registered. Future studies should focus on the competitive potential and population control of L. punctata in the region.
KEYWORDS:
biological invasion; species distribution; duckweed; freshwater environment; aquatic macrophyte
... According to Pereira et al. (2016), Landoltia punctata is "a small angiosperm, with floating fronds, ovate to lanceolate, flattened, slightly asymmetrical at the base, with green color, smooth edge, usually purplish red". The species has a fast growth rate and the capacity to develop in wastewater, thus being a candidate for the phytoremediation processes (Stegemeier et al., 2017). ...
Fluorine is released into the water environment naturally or by anthropogenic activities. Fluorine promotes health benefits at low concentrations, but it promotes adverse effects ranging from fluorosis to carcinogenic problems at high concentrations. Although fluorine removal from environment can occur through processes such as adsorption, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis, the phytoremediation emerges as an accessible and environmentally friendly treatment. This research aimed to study the phytoremediation potential of Landoltia punctata for treating water contaminated with fluorine ion (fluoride). The central composite rotatable design was used to assess the effect of three variables in the process: pH ranging from 5 to 9; phosphate concentration from 0 to 10 mg L⁻¹; and nitrate concentration from 0 to 800 mg L⁻¹. The plants were exposed to a fluoride initial concentration of 5 mg L⁻¹ in 3L-vessels that also included Clark's solution for a period of 10 days. Experimentally, removal of up to 21% was observed for the supplied fluoride. Values of the order of 30% for the removed fluoride mass can be predicted by the obtained model. Landoltia punctata is a promising candidate for the phytoremediation of fluoride-contaminated waters.
KEYWORDS
duckweed; fluoride; central composite design; phytoextraction
... The dry period varies from five to six months, from June to November/ December, when the water deficit reaches 150-300 mm (Golfari 1980;Jesus et al. 1986), with the driest period between July and October and the highest concentration of rainfall between February and March (IMESC 2008). Species identifications were carried out with the aid of a binocular stereomicroscope Stemi DV4 ZEISS ® and specialized literature (Hegelmaier 1878;Landolt 1986;Pott and Cervi 1999;Pott 2002;Andrade et al. 2013;Pereira et al. 2016;Freitas et al. 2017;Coelho 2018;Lourenço and Bove 2019) and also by comparison with herbarium specimens identified and deposited in the herbaria of NY, K, RB, MO, and BHCB (acronyms according to Thiers 2019). The names of the authors follow Brummitt and Powell (1992). ...
... Lemna valdiviana occurs throughout the American continents (Landolt, 1986;Tropicos 2019). In Brazil, there are confirmed records of this species in the following major regions: North (Amazonas), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Piauí), Central-West (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), South (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), and Southeast (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Pott 2002;Pereira et al. 2016;BFG 2018). In Maranhão state, the species was found in the municipality of Igarapé do Meio, floating by the banks of a bridge over the Puraquéu Igarapé, a tributary of the Rio Mearim that drains the area of the town of Igarapé do Meio (Correia Filho et al. 2011). ...
... There are also records from two African countries: Tanzania and South Africa (Tropicos 2019 Wolffiella lingulata is distributed in subtropical (with mild winters) and tropical areas of the Americas: United States, Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay (Tropicos 2019). In Maranhão a single species is found, W. lingulata, which has previously confirmed records in the major Brazilian regions of the North (Amazonas, Pará), Northeast (Bahia, Pernambuco and Piauí), Central-West (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), Southeast (Rio de Janeiro), and South (Pott 2002;Pereira et al. 2016;Flora do Brasil 2019). In Maranhão, the species was found in the municipality of Igarapé do Meio, floating on the banks of the Igarapé Puraquéu, a tributary of the Rio Mearim (Correia Filho et al. 2011). ...
... The dry period varies from five to six months, from June to November/ December, when the water deficit reaches 150-300 mm (Golfari 1980;Jesus et al. 1986), with the driest period between July and October and the highest concentration of rainfall between February and March (IMESC 2008). Species identifications were carried out with the aid of a binocular stereomicroscope Stemi DV4 ZEISS ® and specialized literature (Hegelmaier 1878;Landolt 1986;Pott and Cervi 1999;Pott 2002;Andrade et al. 2013;Pereira et al. 2016;Freitas et al. 2017;Coelho 2018;Lourenço and Bove 2019) and also by comparison with herbarium specimens identified and deposited in the herbaria of NY, K, RB, MO, and BHCB (acronyms according to Thiers 2019). The names of the authors follow Brummitt and Powell (1992). ...
... Lemna valdiviana occurs throughout the American continents (Landolt, 1986;Tropicos 2019). In Brazil, there are confirmed records of this species in the following major regions: North (Amazonas), Northeast (Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Piauí), Central-West (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), South (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), and Southeast (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Pott 2002;Pereira et al. 2016;BFG 2018). In Maranhão state, the species was found in the municipality of Igarapé do Meio, floating by the banks of a bridge over the Puraquéu Igarapé, a tributary of the Rio Mearim that drains the area of the town of Igarapé do Meio (Correia Filho et al. 2011). ...
... There are also records from two African countries: Tanzania and South Africa (Tropicos 2019 Wolffiella lingulata is distributed in subtropical (with mild winters) and tropical areas of the Americas: United States, Mexico, Panama, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay (Tropicos 2019). In Maranhão a single species is found, W. lingulata, which has previously confirmed records in the major Brazilian regions of the North (Amazonas, Pará), Northeast (Bahia, Pernambuco and Piauí), Central-West (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul), Southeast (Rio de Janeiro), and South (Pott 2002;Pereira et al. 2016;Flora do Brasil 2019). In Maranhão, the species was found in the municipality of Igarapé do Meio, floating on the banks of the Igarapé Puraquéu, a tributary of the Rio Mearim (Correia Filho et al. 2011). ...
This study presents the first records for Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil, of the duckweeds Lemna valdiviana Phil., Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. and Wolffiella lingulata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. The species were collected in a survey of water bodies in the muncipalities of Caxias, Igarapé do Meio and São João do Sóter. Descriptions, illustrations, maps, georeferenced specimen citations and an identification key are provided. These new records contribute to the expansion of the knowledge of the Maranhão flora and the geographic distribution of the Lemnoideae of the Northeast region of Brazil.
... No Brasil são escassos estudos específicos para o grupo, destaque para os trabalhos de Pott & Cervi (1999) no Pantanal; Bezerra & França (1999) no Nordeste; Pott (2002) no Sudeste e Pereira et al. (2016) no Sul. No estado de São Paulo foram registradas dez espécies (Pott 2002); no Rio de Janeiro, Landolt (1986) citou nove espécies, Sá (1992) apontou a ocorrência de Wolffiella neotropica Landolt na restinga de Saquarema. ...
Lemnoideae (Araceae) are extremely reduced floating aquatic herbs. Subcosmopolite often found in lentic environments of tropical regions. In Brazil occurs 15 species. Based on field and herbarium work, this study unraveled the Lemnoideae subfamily in Rio de Janeiro state. Eleven species were recorded: Landoltia punctata occurs in restinga, rain forest, secondary vegetation and urban zone. Lemna aequinoctialis is widely distributed on the state, occur in restinga, rain forest, secondary vegetation and urban zone. Lemna minuta and Lemna valdiviana occurs in restinga and rain forest. Spirodela intermedia and Wolffia arrhiza occurs only in restinga. Wolffia brasiliensis occur in restinga and rain forests. Wolffia cylindracea was found in secondary vegetation. Wolffia globosa occurs in rain forest. Wolffiella neotropica and Wolffiella lingulata occur only in restinga. This study presents morphological descriptions, identification key, illustrations and other information on Lemnoideae species in Rio de Janeiro state. The fieldwork and specimen analysis revealed three new occurrences to the state and two for the country.
Phytoremediation success depends on the selection of suitable plant species. To this end, the multiple-attribute decision-making process (MADM) is a useful tool for selecting plants to remediate wastewater. Here, macrophytes were used to treat synthetic swine wastewater (SSW) and the best plant alternative for phytoremediation of SSW was chosen based on the hybrid Entropy-Fuzzy AHP TOPSIS MADM method. The attributes used to feed the MADM method were treatment performance, physiological endpoint changes and biomass by-products. Macrophyte-treated wastewater achieved higher pollutants removal than controls. Lemna, Landoltia, Salvinia, Azolla and Control units had removals of 81 %, 79 %, 68 %, 81 %, 25 % for tCOD; 66 %, 71 %, 65 %, 68 %, 8 % for P-PO43−; 51 %, 63 %, 40 %, 66 %, 14 % for N-NO3−; 36 %, 36 %; 26 %; 42 %; 7 % for N-NH4+; 51 %, 40 %, 52 %, 63 %, 3 % for Cu; and 25 %, 18 %, 26 %, 42 %, 14 % for Zn, respectively. Furthermore, Azolla and Lemna removed more SSW toxicity and presented the lowest phyto-stress index (0.09) and highest lipids production (14 % dw) during treatment. Azolla proved to be the best option for phytoremediation of swine wastewater, since it had the highest rank as determined by the proposed method. Acute toxic units of the treated effluent (0.38) and phyto-stress index (0.49) had the greatest weight in choosing the best plant while the production of biomass volatile solids and removals of P-PO43− and tCOD were the least influential. This study provided a reliable approach to select the best plant from available macrophytes capable of improving physicochemical and ecotoxicological quality of wastewater and offer value-added plant biomass products.
