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![a) Schematic of 1D topological laser. Topological edge states are excited using an ultrashort pulse. b) Band structure associated with polarization‐excited light and its electric field distribution. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows the zigzag chain with the stacked quantum wells, which are embedded in the micropillars between the Bragg reflectors; the topological states occur at the edge of the chain under nonresonant optical pumping. c) Microrings composed of the InGaAsP multilayer quantum well materials. The rings are arrayed as an SSH model with different coupling coefficients. The figure shows an SEM image of the experimental structures with 16 microrings and the insets show the details of the microrings and the coupling grating. d) Schematic diagram of a topological hybrid silicon micro laser composed of nine microring resonators with weak and strong coupling arrayed as per the SSH model. The yellow microrings were formed by depositing by 10 nm of Cr on top of the rings to introduce gain and loss. The middle microring is the location of occurrence of the boundary mode. e) Schematic of the topological nanocavity design concept. Nanocavities with different Zak phases form the topological edge state. Different unit cell selection methods cause their topological properties to be different and thus constitute a topological state at the interface. a) Reproduced with permission.[¹⁶⁸] Copyright 2016, American Physical Society. b) Reproduced with permission.[¹⁹] Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. c) Reproduced with permission.[⁶²] Copyright 2018, American Physical Society. d) Reproduced under the terms of Creative Commons CC BY License.[⁶³]Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by Springer Nature. e) Reproduced under the terms of Creative Commons CC BY License.[⁶⁴] Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.](profile/Qiuchen-Yan/publication/351204491/figure/fig3/AS:11431281245243972@1716088953461/a-Schematic-of-1D-topological-laser-Topological-edge-states-are-excited-using-an.png)
a) Schematic of 1D topological laser. Topological edge states are excited using an ultrashort pulse. b) Band structure associated with polarization‐excited light and its electric field distribution. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows the zigzag chain with the stacked quantum wells, which are embedded in the micropillars between the Bragg reflectors; the topological states occur at the edge of the chain under nonresonant optical pumping. c) Microrings composed of the InGaAsP multilayer quantum well materials. The rings are arrayed as an SSH model with different coupling coefficients. The figure shows an SEM image of the experimental structures with 16 microrings and the insets show the details of the microrings and the coupling grating. d) Schematic diagram of a topological hybrid silicon micro laser composed of nine microring resonators with weak and strong coupling arrayed as per the SSH model. The yellow microrings were formed by depositing by 10 nm of Cr on top of the rings to introduce gain and loss. The middle microring is the location of occurrence of the boundary mode. e) Schematic of the topological nanocavity design concept. Nanocavities with different Zak phases form the topological edge state. Different unit cell selection methods cause their topological properties to be different and thus constitute a topological state at the interface. a) Reproduced with permission.[¹⁶⁸] Copyright 2016, American Physical Society. b) Reproduced with permission.[¹⁹] Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. c) Reproduced with permission.[⁶²] Copyright 2018, American Physical Society. d) Reproduced under the terms of Creative Commons CC BY License.[⁶³]Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by Springer Nature. e) Reproduced under the terms of Creative Commons CC BY License.[⁶⁴] Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.
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Quantum topological photonics is a new research field with great potential that is based on developments in both quantum optics and topological photonics. Topological photonics offers unique properties, including topological robustness and an anti‐backscattering property, and these advantages are strongly required in quantum optics. Quantum technol...
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Citations
... Topological photonics is an emerging interdisciplinary field that draws inspiration from the concept of topological insulators in condensed matter physics [1]- [5]. It applies similar principles to manipulate the behavior of photons in specially designed structures, such as photonic crystals [6]- [9], metamaterials [10], [11], and other artificially engineered structures [12]- [15]. A key characteristic of topological photonics is the ability to create structures or materials that guide light along their boundaries or interfaces in a controlled and protected manner. ...
Topological insulators and bound states in the continuum represent two fascinating topics in the optical and photonic domain. The exploration of their interconnection and potential applications has emerged as a current research focus. Here, we investigated non-Hermitian photonics based on a parallel cascaded-resonator system, where both direct and indirect coupling between adjacent resonators can be independently manipulated. We observed the emergence of topological Fabry−Pérot bound states in the continuum in this non-Hermitian system, and theoretically validated its robustness. We also observed topological phase transitions and exceptional points in the same system. By elucidating the relationship between topological insulators and bound states in the continuum, this work will enable various applications that harness the advantages of bound states in the continuum, exceptional points, and topology. These applications may include optical delay and storage, highly robust optical devices, high-sensitivity sensing, and chiral mode switching.
... In the last few years, topology has been raised as an avenue to enhance the robustness of these platforms against certain kinds of disorder. [7][8][9] Initial studies of topological protection of quantum states of light were done with single photons in free space. 10,11 However, quantum information systems rely heavily on multiphoton states, and understanding the interplay of topology, disorder, and photon correlations has become an important research avenue. ...
Topological quantum photonics explores the interaction of the topology of the dispersion relation of photonic materials with the quantum properties of light. The main focus of this field is to create robust photonic quantum information systems by leveraging topological protection to produce and manipulate quantum states of light that are resilient to fabrication imperfections and other defects. In this perspective, we provide a theoretical background on topological protection of photonic quantum information and highlight the key state-of-the-art experimental demonstrations in the field, categorizing them based on the quantum features they address. An analysis of the key challenges and limitations concerning topological protection of quantum states is presented. Importantly, this paper takes a thorough perspective look into what future research in this area may bring.
... Hsieh et al. reported the initial discovery of three-dimensional TI material in 2008 [54]. Numerous studies have been conducted to generate pulsed fiber laser-based TIs material [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. TIs are quantum states of matter in which the interior is an insulator, whereas the surface states are conductive, allowing electrons to only travel along the surface of the material [67,68]. ...
The fiber laser combines the fiber gain medium's function as a fiber amplifier, transforming it into laser output through integration within a cavity configuration. Meanwhile, a pulsed fiber laser is capable of generating short bursts of laser emission characterized by high peak power levels. This concept is known as Q-switching. A saturable absorber material is essential for passive Q-switching, as it is integrated into the laser cavity to produce an instantaneously Q-switched pulse fiber laser. While these materials have been effective in generating pulsed lasers, they often come with unresolved issues, such as long-term exposure to two-dimensional materials can pose health risks. To address this gap, researchers have shifted their interest toward natural or organic materials in the quest for new saturable absorbers. This mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the saturable absorber mechanism, including essential theoretical equations and key measurement parameters. The next section continues by exploring the fundamentals and early development of saturable absorbers, followed by an in-depth explanation of the Q-switched pulse generation process using erbium-doped fiber as the gain medium and saturable absorber. Critical parameters influencing the performance of Q-switched pulse fiber lasers are discussed, with special attention given to recent advancements in organic-based saturable absorbers for Q-switching. The potential of spider silk as an innovative saturable absorber in Q-switched pulse fiber laser applications is highlighted. Finally, the review delves into the wide-ranging applications of these lasers, including tunable and switchable dual-wavelength fiber lasers with sensor for temperature measurement and to detect adulteration in pure kelulut honey and sucrose solution.
... However, there is also inherent similarity between the Airy beam and the Wannier-Stark beam if the main lobe of the latter is wide sufficiently. Even though the accelerating beams have been reported in photonic lattices [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], it is a pity that no work tries to explore the link between the self-accelerating beams [19] and the photonic topological insulators [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] to this day. Indeed, this project is still open and elusive since the self-accelerating mechanism may inspire novel ideas on manipulating topological edge states and give birth to a fresh branch of topological photonics. ...
Both linear and nonlinear self-accelerating valley Hall edge states are predicted in the composited inversion-symmetry-broken photonic graphene lattice with a domain wall. The linear one that is obtained by superimposing a finite-energy Airy envelope to the valley Hall edge state shows self-accelerating, non-diffracting and self-healing properties, with the accelerating trajectory not exactly a parabola. For the nonlinear one which exhibits well self-accelerating and non-diffracting properties that may turn over the moving direction of the valley Hall edge state, it is constructed by superimposing the self-trapped self-accelerating envelope that is obtained from the envelope equation to the valley Hall edge state. The nonlinear self-accelerating valley Hall edge state can circumvent sharp corners without back-scattering, but it is impossible to completely prohibit radiating into the bulk because the topological protection and the self-accelerating demand contrary length of the oscillating tail. The results exhibit the possibility on manipulating topological edge states via self-accelerating waves, and pave the way for the self-accelerating topological photonics.
... This field has yielded significant advancements, such as robust topological quantum light sources facilitated by topological edge and corner states. Notable achievements include topologically protected photon pair sources derived from the one-dimensional (1D) Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model and the two-dimensional integer quantum Hall effect, as well as tunable quantum interference that is topologically protected [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Building on these developments, Dai T. et al. have designed a topology-protected quantum entangled light source using multiple micro-ring cavities on a silicon-based optical quantum chip fabricated using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process to create an optically anomalous Floquet topological insulator [29]. ...
Semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots offer distinct advantages in generating near-optimal single photons, which have important applications in quantum communication and linear optical quantum computation. Semiconductor quantum dot single-photon sources in the telecommunication band are garnering significant attention due to their considerable advantages in low-loss long-distance fiber transmission. In this paper, we propose and design a topological micropillar cavity based on the interface states between two one-dimensional photonic crystals with distinct Zak phases, achieving a high-quality factor exceeding 15,000 and a significant Purcell factor of up to 606 in the 1.31-µm band. We have computed the emission efficiency by an InAs/GaAs quantum dot coupled to an arbitrarily detuned single-mode topological micropillar cavity, taking into account pure dephasing processes and the ratio of external-to-internal cavity losses. Our results demonstrate that the designed topologically protected micropillar single-photon sources exhibit robust single-photon emission with high efficiency of over 90% even in the highly dephasing and detuning conditions, which is in striking contrast to the conventional micropillar single-photon sources. Our study provides theoretical guidance for the development of a new type of surface-emitting single-photon source with high performance.
... Within the bandgap, TPCs with two different orientations exhibit opposite Chern numbers. According to the bulk-edge correspondence principle, transmission between the domain walls is made possible through topological edge states [10], [33], [43]. ...
Topological edge states have gained significant attention due to their exceptional capability to transmit signals without being affected by defects, which make them promising for applications in microwave and terahertz integrated circuits. In this paper, supercell structures based on topological photonics crystals (TPCs) under dual-edge state are proposed. The energy bands of the proposed supercells is different from those of traditional supercells in that they exhibit forbidden band gaps in addition to edge state and bulk state, facilitating an effective out-of-band rejection filter function through the use of dual-edge state transmission. The robustness of this new structure against bends and fabrication defects has been experimentally validated. To demontrate the feasibility of the proposed structure, we design and realize a topological duplexer which delivers superior transceiver performance and exceptional isolation capabilities. The duplexer is configured with two distinct channels (first channel spanning from 13.20 GHz to 13.43 GHz while the second one ranging from 13.88 GHz to 14.25 GHz), offering isolation of exceeding 27 dB and reaching up to 35 dB. The research findings offer flexible approaches for implementing frequency selection applications, serving as a reference for the future designs and application of integrated package duplexers.
... As an important part of the topology structure, the singularity is a significant characteristic of structured lights, the structure of the singularity indicates the flow direction of the field and reveals the topological structure of the field from another perspective, such as line-type phase singularities [30], [31] in vortex beams [32], and point-type polarization singularities [33]- [35] in vector beams [36], [37]. The topologies with kinds of phase and polarization singularities have opened up new opportunities for the application, such as light-matter interaction [38], [39], nonlinear optics [40], quantum processing [41], [42], microscopy and imaging [43], metrology and information transmission [44]- [46], etc. Recently, a famous spatiotemporal toroidal light pulses [47] proposed by Hellwarth and Nouchi [48] named "Flying Doughnut" was experimentally observed in optical [49], THz [50] and microwave [51] frequency range, which has space-time nonseparability [52], skyrmion topologies [53], and can be couple to anapole [54], [55]. ...
Topological structures reveal the hidden secrets and beauty in nature, such as the double helix in DNA, whilst, the manipulation of which in physical fields, especially in ultrafast structured light, draw booming attention. Here we introduce a new family of spatiotemporal light fields, i.e. helical pulses, carrying sophisticated double-helix singularities in its electromagnetic topological structures. The helical pulses were solved from Maxwell’s equation as chiral extensions of toroidal light pulses but with controlled angular momentum dependence. We unveil that the double helix singularities can maintain their topological invariance during propagation and the field exhibits paired generation and annihilation of vortices and antivortices in ultrafast space-time, so as to be potential information carriers beating previous conventional vortex structured light.
... Review npj Nanophotonics | (2024) 1:40 quantum interference have been achieved in FLDW waveguides [168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] . Additionally, the concept of topological photonics has been developed and applied in quantum photonics field, giving rise to a subdiscipline, namely, topological quantum photonics [176][177][178][179] , which focuses on the topological protection of photonic quantum states and their transport. As shown in Fig. 9a, Wang et al. extended the topological system and measurement into quantum regime 101 . ...
Topological photonics attract significant interests due to their intriguing fundamental physics and potential applications. Researchers are actively exploring various artificial platforms to realize novel topological phenomena, which provides promising pathways for the development of robust photonic devices. Among these platforms, femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides show unique ability to visualize intricate light dynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions, which rendering them ideal tools for investigating topological photonics. By integrating topological concepts into these waveguides, researchers not only deepen their understanding of topological physics but also provide potential methodology for developing advanced topological photonic integrated devices. In this review, we discuss recent experimental implementations of different topological phases within femtosecond laser direct-written photonic waveguides, as well as the fascinating physical phenomena induced by the interplay of topology with non-Hermiticity, nonlinearity and quantum physics are also introduced. The exploration of topological waveguide arrays shows great promise in advancing the field of topological photonics, providing a solid foundation for further research and innovation in this rapidly developing domain.
... Topological insulator is a new phase of matter that only allows the surface of material to conduct with the bulk remaining insulating [1,2]. The concept of topological insulators originates from solid state physics, but it has extended and received considerable development in photonics [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and many other fields. In addition to photonic insulators belonging to rich classes with broken time-reversal [10,11] or inversion [12,13] symmetry, there also exist higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) [14][15][16] supporting topological states with dimensionality at least by two lower than that of the system [17][18][19][20][21], whose topological properties can be described by the polarization index [22,23]. ...
We discover a novel class of dissipative light bullets whose spatial profiles may be drastically reshaped along the bulk, edges and corners of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice owing to the dissipative and topological nature of the system. These light bullets appear due to resonances with different modes in lattice spectrum and may have very rich shapes that can be adiabatically controlled by varying the frequency of the external laser source. We report on robust stationary bullets and breathers which are understood from the corresponding bifurcation analysis. Our results provide a new route to realisation of reconfigurable and robust 3D light forms in topologically nontrivial systems.
... Additionally, a variety of photonic topological states, including spin and valley Hall edge states [14][15][16], higher-order corner and hinge states [17][18][19][20][21], and surface states [22,23], have been observed. These topological states are protected against deformations or symmetry alterations, making them ideal for applications in integrated [24,25], nonlinear [26,27], and quantum photonics [28,29]. However, realizing a topological fiber state has remained elusive. ...
Topological photonics enables unprecedented photon manipulation by realizing various topological states, such as corner states, edge states, and surface states. However, achieving a topological fiber state has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a topological fiber state in a Weyl gyromagnetic photonic crystal fiber. By applying an in-plane magnetic bias to a gyromagnetic photonic crystal fiber with broken parity-inversion symmetry, we create an asymmetrical Weyl bandgap that supports one-way fiber states associated with type-II Weyl points. Dispersion and topological invariant calculations reveal the transition from Weyl surface states to one-way Weyl fiber states. Electromagnetic field simulations confirm the existence of one-way Weyl fiber states and their robust transport in the presence of metallic obstacle along the transport path. Our findings offer an intriguing pathway for exploring novel topological states and guiding the design of topological fibers.
