Fig 1 - uploaded by P. R Houser
Content may be subject to copyright.
(a) Point-to-point integration versus (b) middleware-based integration. When there are many interacting components such as the case with sensor web, the conventional point-to-point integration pattern leads to considerable complexity, both in communication channel topology and protocol semantics. Mid- dleware eliminates these deficiencies and greatly simplifies the integration.
Source publication
The Earth observation sensor web enables multiple-way interaction between earth observing sensors, sensor networks, Earth science models, and decision support systems. To achieve this goal, flexible and reliable integration between these disparate components is needed. In this study, a middleware-based, message-driven integration paradigm is propos...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... interaction. This model generally works well when the entities are relatively few and the inter- actions are simple. But when there are many entities, and one client needs to contact many services, such as the case with sensor webs in which a client needs to receive data from many satellite platforms, the topology becomes increasingly complex [ Fig. 1(a)]. Additionally, the tight coupling makes reliability a challenge, especially for real-time applications in a sensor web. For example, if the connection from one of the clients to a service is interrupted, the data supposed to be received by the client will be lost during this interruption, unless complex logic to deal with caching, ...
Context 2
... middleware-based integration pattern with a publish/sub- scribe model eliminates most of these deficiencies. As shown in Fig. 1(b), the use of middleware as an intermediary enables loosely coupled interaction between the entities, which act as publishers and subscribers. A publisher simply publishes a mes- sage to the middleware, and the generic middleware, a message broker, is responsible for routing a copy of the message to all the applications having subscribed ...
Citations
... Depending on the different attributes, the middleware architecture can be classified into four types [8,9]. is an asynchronous technique that passes the messages between transmitting and receiving application with a communication channel. Its asynchronous nature makes the applications decoupled from each other as MOM is responsible for message management system. ...
Communication, which intends to provide a link between any two people, is now moving towards man-to-machine and machine-to-machine connection for transferring different types of data. This transmission scenario, with and ever expanding number of active and passive users, lays the foundation to variety of communication protocols owing to the different types of data which is involved in the process. Within this ever expanding communication arena, Middle-ware can be thought of as a set of hardware and software which is used to connect different platforms with the end-users that are increasing in number day-by-day, with a possible wide spread over any region spanning from few meters to several kilometers. IEEE 802.11 is the set of standards which guides the wireless technology for device implementation and demands seamless integration across the entire protocol stack. This in turn demands an overview of the middleware architecture in broader perspective. This chapter explores the concept of middleware in the existing communication scenario, current trends and future scope.
... Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been applied extensively for Table 3 Comparison of communication technologies used in IoT. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. New ideas have been proposed to create a multi-layered SOA for IoT [9]. ...
Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging area in which billions of smart objects are interconnected with each other using Internet for data and resource sharing. These smart objects are generally used to sense various parameters such as temperature, motion of objects, and occupancy from the environment where these are deployed, the values of which are transmitted to the nearest access points to taken intelligent decisions. However, with an increased penetration of smart objects in our daily life, these objects may also participate in social events using machine-to-machine or human-to-machine interactions and are called as Social Objects. This new paradigm of interaction among social objects is referred to as Social IoT (SIoT). As these objects communicate with each other using an open channel, i.e., Internet, so security and privacy along with integrity of messages always remain a concern. Motivated from the aforementioend issues, in this paper, we provide an elaborated view of trust management among these objects with a focus on SIoT by comparing different existing trust management schemes based on the trust management process, parameters chosen for trust evaluation, characteristics of trust functions and objectives achieved by them. Moreover, we also discuss various challenges such as use of social behavior specific trust evaluation metrics and type of relationships between objects in SIoT with respect to trust management. Thus, the analysis provided in this paper provides insights to the readers for applicability of trust management scheme in SIoT environment keeping in of various challenges and constraints.
... The EO systems based on the above-mentioned technologies are dynamic and constantly evolving, and quality of the provided services and datasets might fluctuate with the time. Much attention has been recently paid to providing geospatial data quality indicators and reliability in such EO large-scale service-oriented systems as GEOSS [26], [27]. Therefore, under changing conditions, the system should be able to provided trusted and reliable services to the users. ...
This paper focuses on enabling resilience of the Sensor Web system for disaster monitoring and risk assessment that is based on the use of Earth Observation (EO) data. Resilience is the ability of the system to maintain trustworthy service delivery in spite of changes. Resilience of the EO infrastructure becomes an extreme-ly important issue, especially in the disaster management domain. We propose to enable resilience through: 1) the use of grid resources and services to meet high performance computing requirements; and 2) assessment of resource reputation to select reliable resources. Grid services enable redundancy through integration of heteroge-neous resources administrated by geographically distributed organizations. The same services could be provided by different organizations within the infrastructure, and could be of different levels of quality. Therefore, we propose to incorporate a utility-based reputation model to assess reliability of the resources. The proposed approach is implemented within the Namibia Sensor Web Pilot Project that was created as a testbed for evaluating and prototyping key technologies for rapid acquisition and distribution of data products for decision support systems to monitor floods.
... The middleware in wireless sensor networks helps the programmer develop applications in several ways. It provides appropriate system abstractions, so that the application programmer can focus on the application logic without caring too much about the lower level implementation details [3]. ...
Recently the wireless sensor networks have emerged as an attractive solution in a number of applications. The wireless sensor networks have found many applications in different areas, including environmental surveillance, intelligent building, health monitoring, etc. In this paper we present open sensor middleware model based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) in wireless sensor networks. The open sensor middleware model provides flexibility, and reusability based on Web services using open API (Application Programming Interfaces).
... It contains 8 standards. Actually, these standards have become the industrial standard and are widely used [4], [5]. Sensor Web can be divided into three layers: the sensing layer, the data service layer and the application layer. ...
A real-time communication adapter named SensorAdapter is designed to communicate between different protocols sensors and data service layer in Sensor Web. The adapter is extended and restructured based on SensorBus, an open source project raised by a German company called 52north. By structuring the receiving module and extending the proxies of sensors according to the communication protocols the sensors use, the adapter can receive sensing information detected by different protocols sensors simultaneously. The receiving module identifies a sensor and finds its corresponding proxy in SensorAdapter by sensor ID (SensorID), and then packages the sensing information to XMPP messages and sends them to XMPPServer by invoking the methods in its proxy. At last, an example of SOS is achieved to verify the effect of the adapter.
Agility is a key characteristic in disaster relief operations. Intelligent process-aware information systems (IPAISs) can support agility in disaster relief operations through providing information and process reach and richness to manage dynamic inter-operations. In this research, based on relevant reference architectures, a conceptual overview of an IPAIS to support agility in disaster relief operations is described. This conceptual overview includes the dynamic partnering, the collaborative process composition, the collaborative ontology management, the global workflow engine, the run-time coordination, the dynamic rule management, the run-time process proposer, and the dynamic interoperability adaptor components. Based on this conceptual overview, a systematic literature review is conducted to explore emerging approaches that can be applied to realise intelligent process-centred collaborative inter-operations to respond disasters. The findings of the conducted review show the applicability of the emerging multi-agent service-oriented modelling and analysis approaches, optimal control theory based methodologies, social network analysis techniques, data-driven inductive methods, resilient-centred approaches for robustness and agility, self-organisation mechanisms based on cyber physical systems and systems of systems perspectives, simulation methods, and trust management procedures to support the realisation of the components of an IPAIS in the context of disaster relief operations.
Environmental monitoring technologies and applications have developed rapidly because of growing interest in environmental issues. Previous research on environment monitoring can be divided into two major categories: sensing data collection and heterogeneous system integration. With the improvement of sensing devices, the operational condition of a device is also regarded as environmental information. This study proposes a sensor web enablement (SWE) and simple network management protocol (SNMP)-based management framework. The proposed framework defines the entity management information base (MIB) of debris-flow sensors to integrate the management of various debris-flow sensors. An administrator can describe an object and its attributes to construct the tree-based SWE management architecture. This framework provides dynamically managed objects and standardises the message management between the management system and sensors. Data access and collection are based on the SWE standard message format, which enhances the exchangeability of sensing data. The proposed system integrates the SWE and SNMP services into a web service-based interface that provides real-time, seamless, and remote management services. The proposed system also provides dynamic monitoring functions for different rainfall events.
Recently, owing to the attentions of environment issues, the environment monitoring technologies and applications are under rapid development. The research on environment monitoring can be divided into two major aspects: sensing data collection and heterogeneous system integration. With the improvement of sensing devices (e.g., precision, sensing range, Internet connectivity, and computation capability), the operational condition of device is also regarded as the environment information. In this study, an SNMP-based SWE management architecture is proposed. To unite the management of various debris-flow sensors, the entity MIB of debris-flow sensors is defined. Administrator could describe an object and its attributes to construct the tree-based SWE management architecture. This framework provides dynamically managed objects and standardizes the message management between the management system and sensors. Data access and collection are based on SWE standard message format, which is used to enhance exchangeability of sensing data and interoperability of the messages. In the proposed system, the SWE and SNMP services are integrated into Web service based interface, which provides real-time, seamless and remote management services.
Many industrial enterprises acquire disparate systems and applications over the years. The need to integrate these different systems and applications is often prominent for satisfying business requirements and needs. In an effort to help researchers in industrial informatics understand the state-of-the-art of the enterprise application integration, we examined the architectures and technologies for integrating distributed enterprise applications, illustrated their strengths and weaknesses, and identified research trends and opportunities in this increasingly important area.
