(a) Map of the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and all modeled dams with non-zero storage. Operations at all dams in black use existing rules, while operations at all dams in red are optimized. (b) Integrated Reservoir System Management model (RSM), which consists of a reservoir simulation model of the CRB and an energy systems model of the California and West Coast Power System (CAPOW).

(a) Map of the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and all modeled dams with non-zero storage. Operations at all dams in black use existing rules, while operations at all dams in red are optimized. (b) Integrated Reservoir System Management model (RSM), which consists of a reservoir simulation model of the CRB and an energy systems model of the California and West Coast Power System (CAPOW).

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Integrated water-energy management is crucial for balancing socioeconomic and environmental objectives in multi-reservoir systems. Multipurpose reservoirs support clean energy production, recreation, navigation, and flood protection but also disrupt natural water flows and fish migration. As hydropower’s role evolves with grid decarbonization, mana...