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![(a) Grooves with different shapes (square, U-shaped, and V-shaped), the material is steel-45 [61]; (b) Different arrangements of pits [97]; (c) A composite structure containing grooves, bumps and curve [66]; (d) A composite structure containing grooves, bumps and pits [19]](publication/341523076/figure/fig5/AS:893315625000970@1589994450453/a-Grooves-with-different-shapes-square-U-shaped-and-V-shaped-the-material-is.png)
(a) Grooves with different shapes (square, U-shaped, and V-shaped), the material is steel-45 [61]; (b) Different arrangements of pits [97]; (c) A composite structure containing grooves, bumps and curve [66]; (d) A composite structure containing grooves, bumps and pits [19]
Source publication
Abstract Solid particle erosion is a common phenomenon in engineering fields, such as manufacturing, energy, military and aviation. However, with the rising industrial requirements, the development of anti-solid particle erosion materials remains a great challenge. After billions of years of evolution, several natural materials exhibit unique and e...
Contexts in source publication
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... special structure on material surfaces has a conspicuous influence on the velocity and trajectory of solid particles. In recent years, bio-inspired materials with different surface structures have been manufactured by various methods (Figure 10). The additive manufacturing technique is the most common method for fabricating bio-inspired materials with complex surface structures due to its high precision and versatility. ...
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... wear tests showed that the anti-solid particle erosion properties of V-groove samples increased by approximately 57.4% [60]. Further, to verify the effect of different shape grooves on the solid particle erosion resistance of samples, three different shape grooves were fabricated on the surfaces of samples, and the matrix material of the samples was steel-45 ( Figure 10a) [61]. The V-shaped groove samples showed the best solid particle erosion resistance compared with the smooth samples, with an improvement in the solid particle erosion resistance of approximately 26% (Figure 11a) [61]. ...
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... V-shaped groove samples showed the best solid particle erosion resistance compared with the smooth samples, with an improvement in the solid particle erosion resistance of approximately 26% (Figure 11a) [61]. Pit bionic units were processed by a YAG laser in the surfaces of samples (Figure 10b). The pits affected the solid particle erosion resistance, and the arrangement of these pits also affected the solid particle erosion rate of the samples (Figure 11b) [97]. ...
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... pits affected the solid particle erosion resistance, and the arrangement of these pits also affected the solid particle erosion rate of the samples (Figure 11b) [97]. Furthermore, some studies on coupled bionic samples (Figure 10c, d), which were all processed by 3D printing technology, were performed, and the matrix material of the samples was stainless steel [19,66]. Bump and curve can obviously significantly improve the solid particle erosion resistance of bionic samples when only one factor is considered (Figure 11c, d) [19,66]. ...
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... and curve can obviously significantly improve the solid particle erosion resistance of bionic samples when only one factor is considered (Figure 11c, d) [19,66]. The bionic samples with coupled structures exhibited better solid particle erosion resistance than the samples with a single structure (Figure 11e), as coupled structures are more similar to the body surface features of the scorpion and tamarisk (Figure 10c, d) [19,66]. ...
Citations
... Their mechanical, thermal, and photoacoustic magnetic separation, degradation, and processing properties enable polymer materials to contribute to the aviation, aerospace, nuclear, medicine, and health industries. The design, production, and application of polymer materials have received considerable attention [2]. Their flexible design characteristics strongly support the development of society in diverse ways. ...
Polyoxymethylene methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in ophthalmic biomaterials. Misuse of PMMA in extreme environments is likely to damage the ocular surface and intraocular structures. The surface characterization and tribological behavior of PMMA processed using an excimer laser were investigated in this study by contrasting different lubrication conditions and friction cycles. The results show that the roughness of the material surface increases with laser processing, which changes its physical structure. Under lubrication, the laser-treated PMMA exhibits better hydrophilicity, especially during the use of eye drops. No obvious relationship exists between the laser-processing time and friction behavior. However, the laser treatment may contribute to the formation of friction and wear mechanisms of PMMA materials. Laser-treated PMMA in saline solution exhibits better abrasive resistance by showing a lower wear rate than that in eye drops, although it has a higher friction coefficient. In this study, the different friction stages in laser-treated PMMA were clarified under two lubrication conditions. The wear rates of the laser-treated PMMA were found to decrease with the number of cycles, and the friction coefficient has a similar variation tendency. The wear behavior of the laser-treated PMMA is dominated by the main abrasive wear and secondary transferred film formation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of ophthalmic biomaterials in complex environments by examining the material surface interface behavior and wear mechanism after laser processing using PMMA as the research matrix.
... 3(e), (h), (i)) [41,42]. The wires and robot arms, among other things, can be designed using ideas derived from tendrils ( Fig. 3(g)) [43][44][45][46]. It is possible to simulate the distribution of porosities inside the structural element by using the porous structures of horsetail and lotus stems (Figs. ...
Researchers and engineers have been fascinated by the way weak organic and inorganic components naturally
combine to create strong and long-lasting structures for the past few decades. The helicoidal fiber-reinforced
composite structure found in the cuticle that forms the skeleton of an arthropod and the nacre structure based
on the brick-and-mortar architecture composing the inner layer of several mollusk shells are two of the most
studied composite-based structures for drawing inspiration from and using the same to modify man-made materials. The structure, formation, and mechanical properties of the nacre- and cuticle-based bio-inspired composites are given in detail. The current study also examines how brick-and-mortar and helicoidal laminated bioinspired composites are used structurally. The present review article will serve as a benchmark for future studies in the same area.
... Because the unique interior structure can increase the fracture toughness of the natural materials, the nacre is employed for safeguarding internal soft tissue and the cuticle [92]. The two-layer structure, which includes a hard layer and a soft layer, has a buffering effect, which helps the skin of desert lizards and sandfish endure wind-blown sand quite effectively [78,93]. The internal vascular system of the skin or bone can provide healing agents to injury sites for self-healing to repair the damage and mitigate further damage [94]. ...
Energy losses due to various tribological phenomena pose a significant challenge to sustainable development. These energy losses also contribute toward increased emissions of greenhouse gases. Various attempts have been made to reduce energy consumption through the use of various surface engineering solutions. The bioinspired surfaces can provide a sustainable solution to address these tribological challenges by minimizing friction and wear. The current study majorly focuses on the recent advancements in the tribological behavior of bioinspired surfaces and bio-inspired materials. The miniaturization of technological devices has increased the need to understand micro-and nano-scale tribological behavior, which could significantly reduce energy wastage and material degradation. Integrating advanced research methods is crucial in developing new aspects of structures and characteristics of biological materials. Depending upon the interaction of the species with the surrounding, the present study is divided into segments depicting the tribological behavior of the biological surfaces inspired by animals and plants. The mimicking of bio-inspired surfaces resulted in significant noise, friction, and drag reduction, promoting the development of anti-wear and anti-adhesion surfaces. Along with the reduction in friction through the bioinspired surface, a few studies providing evidence for the enhancement in the frictional properties were also depicted.
... Many methods for surface modification of CFs were proved to be effective, including sizing, coating (Sepe et al., 2018;Nie et al., 2017;Su et al., 2021;Acar et al., 2020), chemical grafting (Cheng et al., 2018a(Cheng et al., , 2018b Nature is a huge storage of diversified biological materials that provides many near-perfect structural templates for novel design of high performance biomimetic composites (McCoy et al., 2018;Zhao and Fan, 2019;Zhang et al., 2018;Huang et al., 2019;Song et al., 2021;Jiao et al., 2020;Han et al., 2017;Niu et al., 2016). Owing to orderly hierarchical structures and rich interface interactions, many natural biological materials including pearl, bones, and lobster cuticle can exhibit excellent mechanical properties featured with high strength and toughness (Peng and Cheng, 2017;Peng et al., 2020;Meyers et al., 2013;Zhang et al., 2020c). Particularly, for birds in flight, in spite of the complex aerodynamic load, structural damage like fracture won't appear in their wing feathers which could benefit from the interlocking structure between microscale hook and groove (Kovalev et al., 2014;Sullivan et al., 2017a). ...
Weak interfacial activity and poor wettability between fiber and matrix are known as two main factors that restrict the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). Herein, inspired by high strength and toughness characteristics of wing feathers of Black Kite (Milvus migrans), natural hook-groove microstructure system (HGMS) and underlying mechanical interlocking mechanism were carefully investigated. Biomimetic HGMS based on dopamine-functionalized carbon fibers and ZnO nanorods were constructed successfully by a two-step modification method to enhance interfacial adhesion. Further, CFRCs featured with biomimetic HGMS were prepared by a vacuum-assisted contact molding method. Experimental results confirmed that flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the bio-inspired CFRCs were effectively improved by 40.02% and 101.63%, respectively. The proposed bio-inspired design strategy was proved to be flexible and effective and it was anticipated to provide a promising design approach and facile fabrication method for desirable CFRCs with excellent mechanical properties.
... Erosion mechanism and erosion rate are varied differently with the variation of different particles and their size [38][39][40]. In cement industry, the abrasive particles are the components for producing cement and these abrasive particles cause damage of the equipments in the form of erosion process [41]. ...
This research work investigates the erosion effect on the surfaces of SS (Stainless Steel) 201, SS 304, SS 316 and SS 420 under different operating conditions. Beside this, the novelty of this work is to observe the combined effects of different percentage of SiC- Al2O3-Fe2O3 solid particles on the surfaces of these materials and significant findings are obtained.
The results collected from this study are validated with the morphological analysis of erosive surfaces which is attributed to the real wear mechanism. To characterize the eroded surfaces, this mechanism is associated with the micro-cutting, micro-ploughing, plastic deformation and several other materials removal processes.
During the experiments, the impact angles are maintained at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The erosion rate is higher at 60° impact angle and then the abrasion is sharply decreased up to up to 90°. However, the erosion varies differently with the variation of impact angles for different tested materials. The erosion rates under impact velocity 40, 50 and 60 m/s are tested. The higher the impact velocity, the higher the erosion rate is noted despite the levels of erosion changes are different for different materials. The enhancement of erosion with the impact velocity is linked with the increase of kinetic energy which in turn is responsible for the increase of temperature. The combined impact of kinetic energy and temperature effects the location of the examined surfaces of stainless steels. But as the stainless steels have the better mechanical and physical properties, these show better erosion resistance in comparison of other polymer and composite materials.
It is also observed the higher test duration and larger particle size have some role to increase the erosion rate. The results of this work are compared with the works of other researchers and the trends of these results are explained with the possible causes. The results of this work can be used as a reliable source for the applications of advanced technology in industry.
... The theory of bionic tribology has become popular in the field of drag reduction in recent decades. There are two main factors affecting the tribological characteristics of a surface: the composition of the material itself and the surface structure [2][3][4][5]. Hossein [6] used two different SiO2 nanoparticle surfaces, modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and beeswax. The drag reduction of the surfaces could reach up to 24%. ...
The drag reduction design of underwater vehicles is of great significance to saving energy and enhancing speed. In this paper, the drag reduction characteristics of Paramisgurnus dabryanus loach was explored using 3D ultra-depth field microscopy to observe the arrangement of the scales. Then, a geometric model was established and parameterized. A simulated sample was processed by computer numerical control (CNC) machining and tested through using a flow channel bench. The pressure drop data were collected by sensors, and the drag reduction rate was consequently calculated. The test results showed that the drag reduction rate of a single sample could reach 23% at a speed of 1.683 m/s. Finally, the experimental results were verified by numerical simulation and the drag reduction mechanism was explored. The boundary layer theory and RNG k-ε turbulence model were adopted to analyze the velocity contour, pressure contour and shear force contour diagrams. The numerical simulation results showed that a drag reduction effect could be achieved by simulating the microstructure of scales of the Paramisgurnus dabryanus loach, showing that the results are consistent with the flow channel experiment and can reveal the drag reduction mechanism. The bionic surface can increase the thickness of boundary layer, reduce the Reynolds number and wall resistance. The scales disposition of Paramisgurnus dabryanus loach can effectively reduce the surface friction, providing a reference for future research on drag reduction of underwater vehicles such as ships and submarines.
... However, the conventional superhydrophobic paint focuses on enhancing the water-repellent performance solely, which neglects the physicochemical durability [6,[13][14][15]. Therefore, superhydrophobic coating materials [16][17][18][19][20] are prone to be decimated or even fall off from the substrates [21], resulting in the invalidation of the waterrepellent function, especially for marine vehicles working in harsh environments, such as deep sea and polar regions. Considering the above-mentioned challenges, the water-repellent function should be achieved by a structural design to replace traditional superhydrophobic paint [22][23][24][25], enhance the physicochemical strength, and further synergistically improve the anti-drag performance of superhydrophobic coating materials, which is in line with the developmental tendencies of superhydrophobic coating materials [26][27][28][29]. ...
Coating materials with special surface wettability are widely applied in marine paint systems used in the naval industry to reduce the corrosion and viscous drag of seawater. However, traditional coatings are inefficient and limited, either by poor durability or insufficient anti-drag capacity. Here, inspired by the diving bell spider, a bionic superhydrophobic coating with multiscale hierarchical architecture was successfully prepared on the surface of aluminium alloy. It possesses excellent mechanical abrasion durability, chemical durability, and low adhesion. Remarkably, the water contact angles could remain over 150.9° after more than 15 abrasion cycles or strong acid/alkali conditions. In addition, the impacting water droplet lifted off the surface of bionic superhydrophobic aluminium alloy (BSAA) within 13 ms, illustrating an excellent low adhesion property. In fact, when the BSAA is immersed in water, it could absorb bubbles and form a gas membrane. The existence of the gas membrane could prevent water and anaerobic organisms from contacting and even corroding the BSAA. Meanwhile, the gas membrane acts as a lubricant and significantly deceases friction at the solid–liquid interface, reducing the drag for BSAA. The BSAA proposed in this work has broad application prospects, such as medical devices, microfluidic chips, gas separation and collection in water.
... In order to broaden its scope of application, recent developments in the field of antireflection have led to a renewed interest in multifunctional antireflective surfaces [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A considerable amount of literature has been concentrated on constructing multifunctional polymer coatings with antireflection and antifogging behaviors. ...
Transparent substrates with antifogging and antireflection ability are of extreme significance for optical devices, because they alleviate performance loss and maintenance costs. Here, we reported that a multifunctional film, with excellent mechanical properties, can be fabricated on the PMMA surface via the micro-transfer printing method. In particular, the synergistic effect of the inverted pyramid microstructure and SiO2 nanoparticles gives the film excellent antireflective, superhydrophilic and antifogging properties, and the silica sol firmly adheres to the PMMA substrate via the silane coupling agent, which exhibits an encouraging prospect of practical applications from lenses for personal and sports eyewear to transparent displays and sensors, etc.
... The external surface of the exoskeleton of its Cephalothorax could still remain intact after such long time of contact with the soil particles. Many studies have shown that the external surface of Procambarus clarkii has excellent wear resistance performance [35][36][37]. In this study, bionics engineering was used as the technical approach, and the surface morphology of the cephalothorax exoskeleton of Procambarus clarkii was adopted as the bionic prototype. ...
Procambarus clarkii was found to have excellent anti-wear performance against abrasive materials. To improve the wear resistance performance of the soil-engaging component of agricultural machinery, in this study, the micro-thorn and convex hull coupled geometrical structured surfaces inspired from the cephalothorax exoskeleton of the Procambarus clarkii was selected as the bionic prototype. By adopting bionic engineering techniques, three types of novel geometrical structured surfaces were proposed, which were bionic single, double and triple micro-thorn coupled convex hull surfaces (Bionic Type 2, 3 and 4, respectively). The anti-abrasive wear properties of these proposed geometrical surfaces were compared with a conventional bionic convex hull structured surface (Bionic Type 1) and a surface without any structures (smooth). Abrasive wear tests were conducted by using a rotational abrasive wear testing system. The accumulative test time was 80 h and the total wear distance was 6.09 × 105 m. By adopting the EDEM software (discrete element modeling), the Archard Wear model was selected to simulate the wear behavior of five different surfaces. In addition, the wear mechanisms of different surfaces were investigated. The results showed that the smooth surface suffered the most severe abrasive were, the abrasion loss reached 194.1 mg. The anti-abrasive properties of bionic geometric structured non-smooth surfaces were greatly improved; the reduction in terms of abrasion losses ranged between 20.4% and 94.1%, as compared with the smooth surface. The wear resistance property of micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surfaces were greatly improved as compared with convex hull and smooth surface. Bionic Type 3 was found to have the best anti-abrasive wear property: the abrasion loss was 11.5 mg. The wear morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Smooth surface was characterized with wide, large size of grinding debris, while the bionic non-smooth surface featured narrow and small size abrasive dust. The results obtained from EDEM simulation agreed well with those of the aforementioned real scenario tests. It was revealed that the wear areas of the micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surface were mainly concentrated on the edge of convex hull and micro-thorn that faced the coming direction of particle flow. The geometric structure of the convex hull had beneficial effects on changing the movement behavior of particles, which means the stream of particle flow could be altered from a sliding to rolling state. Consequently, the ploughing and cutting phenomena of particles that act on the surfaces were greatly mitigated. Moreover, after being coupled with micro-thorns, the anti-abrasive wear preparty of the bionic convex hull geometrical structured surface was further improved. The rebound angle of particle flow that contacted the bionic micro-thorn coupled convex hull structured surface was greater than that of the conventional convex hull surface. Therefore, the dispersion effect of particle flow was further enhanced, since the movement behavior of the subsequent impact particle flow was altered. As a result, the wear of the bionic non-smooth surface was further reduced. This biconically inspired novel micro-thorn and convex hull coupled structured surface could provide theatrical and technical references to enhance the wear resistance performance of the soil-engaging component of agricultural machinery and mitigate the problem of abrasive wear failure.
