Figure 5 - uploaded by Amar Gandavadi
Content may be subject to copyright.
(a) Bar chart for errors made in the two seating positions, showing mean ±2 standard error (SE) of mean; (b) error bar chart for electromyography readings in the two seating positions, showing mean ±2 SE of mean; (c) error bar chart for time taken for activity, showing mean ±2 SE of mean.
Source publication
Many upper limb functions are performed in a sitting position. However, if seating is inadequate and poorly designed, back pain and reduced upper limb control may result. This study investigates pelvic posture and performance in an upper limb task.
In total, 15 normal healthy volunteers (aged 18–30 years) were seated in posterior and anterior pelvi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... total of 15 subjects aged 18-30 years who ful- filled the inclusion criteria were recruited to take part in the experiment. Figure 5 shows the mean and standard error for all three parameters. The error rate and task time had both fallen when the subjects were seated in the anterior pelvic tilt position (Bambach seat), while the mean EMG measurement increased in that condition. ...
Similar publications
Purpose: A variation in squatting technique is using arms to actively push the bar up with the upper limbs which is common in bodybuilding. This study aimed to compare the Electromyography (EMG) activity of selected muscles during squat with and without upper limb assistance.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. Fifteen healthy male power...
Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury in physically active individuals. It is characterized by anterior knee, retropatellar, or prepatellar pain associated with activities that increase patellofemoral joint stress such as squatting, stair ascending and descending, running, jumping, prolonged sitting, and kneeling. The eti...
Citations
... 60 In addition to the neurofacilitatory effects of scTS to the lumbar region on the cervical spinal cord, the neuromotor control exerted by scTS to the lumbar region on the trunk stability and upright sitting cannot be underweighted as optimal trunk control and upright posture are an essential substrate for the successful execution of the UE motor tasks. [103][104][105] Recent findings suggest that scTS targeting the lumbar spinal cord along with repeated motor training is effective in enabling trunk stability by improving trunk muscle activation and limits of stability. 25,26,106 Therefore, therapeutic interventions incorporating cervical and lumbar cord-coupled stimulation could further potentiate the neurofacilitatory effects of scTS targeting cervical cord alone. ...
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in significant sensorimotor impairments below the injury level, notably in the upper extremities (UEs), impacting daily activities and quality of life. Regaining UE function remains the top priority for individuals post-cervical SCI. Recent advances in understanding adaptive plasticity within the sensorimotor system have led to the development of novel non-invasive neurostimulation strategies, such as spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS), to facilitate UE motor recovery after SCI. This comprehensive review investigates the neuromotor control of UE, the typical recovery trajectories following SCI, and the therapeutic potential of scTS to enhance UE motor function in individuals with cervical SCI. Although limited in number with smaller sample sizes, the included research articles consistently suggest that scTS, when combined with task-specific training, improves voluntary control of arm and hand function and sensation. Further, the reported improvements translate to the recovery of various UE functional tasks and positively impact the quality of life in individuals with cervical SCI. Several methodological limitations, including stimulation site selection and parameters, training strategies, and sensitive outcome measures, require further advancements to allow successful translation of scTS from research to clinical settings. This review also summarizes the current literature and proposes future directions to support establishing approaches for scTS as a viable neuro-rehabilitative tool.
... A weak positive correlation (r = 0.385, p = 0.009) was found between the angle of lumbar lordosis and angle between acromion, lateral epicondyle, and point between the radius and the ulna (elbow flexion) on the paretic side. These findings were consistent with the findings of Gandavadi et al, suggesting that exaggerated lumbar lordosis is associated with the better functioning and recovery of the paretic upper limb post-stroke (Gandavadi, 2005). A weak negative correlation (r = −0.435, ...
... Twenty-seven percent of the stroke subjects had subacute stroke (Table 1). As the duration after the onset of stroke increases, the likelihood of developing secondary non-neural factors increases which might have had an impact on the postural alignment as well as postural control post-stroke (Turk, 2011;Gandavadi, 2005). Pelvic retractions in the transverse plane could not be measured due to technical difficulty in positioning the camera for that view. ...
Background & objective:
This study was executed to find out correlation between postural alignment in sitting measured through photogrammetry and postural control in sitting following stroke.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling consisting of 45 subjects with acute and sub-acute stroke. Postural alignment in sitting was measured through photogrammetry and relevant angles were obtained through software MB Ruler (version 5.0). Seated postural control was measured through Function in Sitting Test (FIST). Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 17.0).
Results:
Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.385; p < 0.01) was found between angle of lordosis and angle between acromion, lateral epicondyle and point between radius and ulna. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.435; p < 0.01) was found between cranio-vertebral angle and kyphosis. FIST showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.3446; p < 0.05) with cranio-vertebral angle and strong positive correlation (r = 0.4336; p < 0.01) with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in upper extremity.
Conclusion:
Degree of forward head posture in sitting correlates directly with seated postural control and inversely with degree of kyphosis in sitting post-stroke. Postural control in sitting post-stroke is directly related with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in affected upper extremity in sitting.
... The seats of kneeling chairs may slope by as much as 20° (Bettany-Saltikov et al. 2008) creating an angle between the trunk and thighs of 110°, while in saddle chairs in which a raised pommel-like central ridge prevents forward slippage of the body, the angle between trunk and thigh may exceed 125° (Gandavadi and Ramsay 2005). Kneeling chairs do restore a moderate degree of lordosis in comparison to the kyphosis that is a typical consequence of sitting on flat seats, but this remains well below that of erect standing (Bettany-Saltikov et al. 2008). ...
... In chairs with a gentler slope, rounding the front edge of the seat allows the thighs to slope more steeply when the player sits forward. When sitting erect on sloping seats, greater activity is required in the postural muscles of the back and so it make take time to acclimatise and strengthen them, particularly if there is no lumbar support (Claus et al. 2009;Gandavadi and Ramsay 2005). The degree of lordosis will depend on For the tongued notes, the initial increase of muscle activity and the reduction in chest and abdominal circumference occur well before the beginning of the note. ...
... These were; a) sitting in an upright chair with a horizontal seat, feet on the floor and with the trunk at 90°to the thighs [here referred to as "sit flat"], b) sitting with the trunk vertical on a seat that sloped downwards so that the angle between the trunk and thighs was 115°["slope down"], c) sitting on a horizontal seat with the back reclining so that the angle between the thighs and the trunk was 122°[ "slope back"] and d) sitting with trunk vertical and the thighs sloping upwards to make an angle of 65°w ith the trunk ["slope up"]. Ergonomic chairs with kneeling or saddle designs require a trunk to thigh angle of 110°-125° (Bettany-Saltikov et al. 2008;Gandavadi and Ramsay 2005). These have a pommel or knee support to prevent the sitter slipping off. ...
Purpose: The object of this study was to examine the effect of posture on breathing in brass players. Breathing
when standing was compared with sitting erect on a flat, downward or upward sloping seat, or on a reclining seat.
Methods: Spirometry was used to measure aspects of lung function. Muscle activity and respiratory movements
during different playing tasks were recorded using electromyography and inductive plethysmography.
Results: Only sitting in a reclining position produced statistically significantly lower values for VC, FVC, FEV1, PEF than standing. When players were asked to produce a note of maximum duration, only a downward sloping seat caused a significant change (an 11% reduction) compared to standing. When seated, the abdominal component of respiratory movement was significantly higher during these long notes than when standing, though maximum activity in abdominal wall muscles was significantly reduced (by 32–44%). On a downward sloping seat, muscle activity was significantly higher (9%) than on a flat seat. Tongued and untongued sforzando notes recruited significantly less abdominal muscle activity (33–67%) when sitting than when standing. When playing a trumpet study, abdominal muscle activity was significantly reduced on a downward sloping seat (by 32%) and on a flat seat (by 40%) in comparison to standing. Muscle activity in the two sitting positions were not significantly different.
Conclusion: Though brass players are often told to “sit as if standing”, abdominal muscle activity is always significantly reduced when sitting on a flat or downward sloping seat, however when greater respiratory effort is required, activity on downward sloping seats may rise closer to that of standing.
Keywords: Respiratory movements; Abdominal muscles; Musician;
Aiming to find a measurement technique that allows studying the seated posture, we conducted the following systematic review. The search was made in specialized databases in the study area. The key words of the search included terms such as low back pain, sitting posture, pelvic tilt, among others. 2383 items were selected according to the review question proposed and these 228 from established inclusion criteria. They were found 17 items that allow you to identify the appropriate techniques for the stance study. The revision allowed proposing a guide for selecting a tool to evaluate the seated posture based on the benefits offered by the instrument to comply with the objectives of the study that you want to perform.
This paper describes the design development and field testing of a novel seat concept-the two-plane seat with children with physical disabilities. A discussion highlights the potential of the two-plane seat to improve the quality of sitting posture and enhanced occupational performance in disabled children. Relevant literature on postural seating and occupational performance is presented. Design criteria and the results of design development evaluations are summarized. One pilot field evaluation involving children and their parents at home is reported. Overall, the results of this field trial illustrate the potential of the two-plane seating concept when incorporated into a bench seat with a table to influence the quality of sitting and occupational performance of children. Future research aims at evaluating this novel seating concept when incorporated in different seat surfaces. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Trunk control is thought to contribute to upper extremity (UE) function. However, this common assumption has not been validated.
To investigate the effect of providing an external trunk support on trunk control and UE function, and examine the relationship between trunk control and UE function in people with chronic stroke and healthy controls.
A cross-sectional study was conducted.
Twenty-five participants with chronic stroke and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Trunk control was assessed using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), UE impairment and function were assessed with Fugl-Meyer (FMA-UE) and Streamlined Wolf Motor Function Test (SWMFT) respectively. The TIS and SWMFT were evaluated, with and without an external trunk support; the FMA was evaluated without trunk support.
With trunk support, participants with stroke demonstrated improvement in TIS from 18 to 20 points (p<0.001); reduction in SWMFT performance time (SWMFT-Time) of the affected UE from 37.20 to 35.37 seconds (p<0.05); and improvement in the affected UE function (SWMFT-Functional Ability Scale) from 3.3 to 3.4 points (p<0.01). With trunk support, SWMFT-Time of healthy controls was reduced from 1.61 to 1.48 seconds (p<0.001) for the dominant, and from 1.71 to 1.59 seconds (p<0.001) for the non-dominant UE. Significant moderate correlation was found between TIS and FMA-UE (r = 0.53) in participants with stroke.
The limitations include a non-blinded assessor and a standardized height of the external trunk support.
External trunk support improved trunk control in people with chronic stroke; and had a statistically significant effect on UE function in both people with chronic stroke and healthy controls. The findings suggest an association between trunk control and UE when an external trunk support was provided. This supports the hypothesis that the provision of lower trunk and lumbar stabilization from an external support enables an improved ability to use the UE for functional activities.
© 2015 American Physical Therapy Association.
Musculoskeletal disorders, including repetitive motion injuries, result in painful work, lost workdays, and, in extreme cases, disability resulting in forced retirement disorders. That's why it's so important that you choose an ergonomic seat which ensures that the pelvis is properly positioned and stabilised
. Many stroke patients exhibit excessive compensatory trunk movements during reaching. Compensatory movement behaviors may improve upper extremity function in the short-term but be detrimental to long-term recovery.
. To evaluate the evidence that trunk restraint limits compensatory trunk movement and/or promotes better upper extremity recovery in stroke patients.
. A search was conducted through electronic databases from January 1980 to June 2013. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing upper extremity training with and without trunk restraint were selected for review. Three review authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data from the studies. Meta-analysis was conducted when there was sufficient homogenous data.
. Six RCTs involving 187 chronic stroke patients were identified. Meta-analysis of key outcome measures showed that trunk restraint has a moderate statistically significant effect on improving Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score, active shoulder flexion, and reduction in trunk displacement during reaching. There was a small, nonsignificant effect of trunk restraint on upper extremity function.
. Trunk restraint has a moderate effect on reduction of upper extremity impairment in chronic stroke patients, in terms of FMA-UE score, increased shoulder flexion, and reduction in excessive trunk movement during reaching. There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that trunk restraint improves upper extremity function and reaching trajectory smoothness and straightness in chronic stroke patients. Future research on stroke patients at different phases of recovery and with different levels of upper extremity impairment is recommended.
To determine the number and types of chairs available for patient use; to establish minimum criteria of appropriate chairs; and to assess the suitability of available chairs to seat patients admitted to medical wards.
Audit of chairs available in medical wards in a tertiary referral public hospital was conducted. All chairs relevant to patient use were photographed and counted. An expert panel determined minimum criteria of appropriate seating for older patients from functional, occupational health and safety, ergonomic, infection control and usability viewpoints. The number of chairs meeting the minimum criteria level was recorded and was expressed as a percentage of the number of required chairs (hospitalised patients able to be sat out of bed).
A total of 270 chairs of 36 different types were identified. The majority of chairs, 231 (85%), did not meet the minimum criteria. Thirty-nine chairs met the minimum criteria for patients to sit in with 113 (66%) patients unable to sit out of bed.
This study identified that there were insufficient appropriate chairs available for patients to sit out of bed in this facility. This has potential implications for functional ability of the patients, particularly for the older person.
