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Zabardowice: left) mapping of rondel enclosure based on available data; A) aerial photography, 16.07.2019, by P. Wroniecki; B) aerial photography, 16.07.2019, by P. Wroniecki; C) aerial imagery, 06.2016, geoportal.gov.pl; D) magnetic gradiometry survey (figure prepared by authors).
Source publication
During the early fifth millennium BC, Linearbandkeramik groups along the Danube in Central Europe constructed hundreds of circular enclosures, or ‘rondels’. These monumental sites signalled major social, economic and ideological change among these early farming communities. Their absence north of the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains has been taken...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... frequently, despite the abundance of remote-sensing and geophysical data, we encountered difficulties in the detailed interpretation of individual rondels. This is exemplified by the rondel at Zabardowice, which is only partially legible in the aerial photographs ( Figure 6A-C) and magnetic gradiometry data ( Figure 6D), limiting the determination of the site's precise layout. Similar issues were encountered at most of the detected sites, including Ksie ̨ ginice Małe (Figure 7) and Gniechowice (Figure 8). ...
Context 2
... frequently, despite the abundance of remote-sensing and geophysical data, we encountered difficulties in the detailed interpretation of individual rondels. This is exemplified by the rondel at Zabardowice, which is only partially legible in the aerial photographs ( Figure 6A-C) and magnetic gradiometry data ( Figure 6D), limiting the determination of the site's precise layout. Similar issues were encountered at most of the detected sites, including Ksie ̨ ginice Małe (Figure 7) and Gniechowice (Figure 8). ...
Context 3
... primary defining element of all the sites is the presence of concentric ditches. In our dataset, sites typically have two ditches (Figures 3-5 & 7-8), but there are three ditches at Zabardowice ( Figure 6) and Sieroszów B ( Figure 9D-F), and four ditches at Sieroszów A ( Figure 9A-C) and Piotrowice Polskie ( Figure 9G-I). Timber palisades were almost certainly present at all these sites, but direct evidence is only available from the excavations in Bodzów (Figure 3) and from aerial and magnetic prospection at Drzemlikowice ( Figure 5A, D-F & H). ...
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Citations
... This research is complimentary with recent results, where it has been proven that remote sensing enables the discovery of many Neolithic rondel sites in an area where they have not been previously documented, like Poland [33], and it represents an efficient and reliable methodology for new site detection providing better insight into cultural landscapes and enabling research on a bigger scale. Multi-rondel sites are also documented in a wider Central European context [31]. ...
The decade of research concentrating on the area of Eastern Slavonia revealed an abundance of large and complex Middle and Late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive Middle and Late Neolithic settlements, including space, size and organization. The vast majority of these sites were detected through aerial reconnaissance and satellite image analysis. The observation of the sites was followed by intensive field surveys, which confirmed their attribution to the Middle and Late Neolithic period by surface finds. On those confirmed sites in the vicinity of Đakovo, Croatia, a magnetic survey was conducted on five sites, and the results confirmed the presence of large-scale Middle and Late Neolithic settlements with complex spatial organization and enclosure(s). The most complex remains so far are the sites Gorjani, Kremenjača and Topole, which we present in this paper, where one or two settlements remain covering an area of 70 hectares which is currently in the process of formal protection as a cultural landscape by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The special focus of this paper is the application of remote sensing in the detection, archaeological confirmation and protection of the site of Gorjani Topole.
... The orientation of the houses is northwest-southeast ( Figure 6) which is common for the area and time period as defined in recent research [30] Acceptance and respect of the empty space in the rondel is also suggested by the fact that it remained as such which is not the case for the other part of the site where overlapping of features is documented on numerous places ( Figure 6). This research is complimentary with recent new results where it is proven that remote sensing enable discovery of many Neolithic rondel sites in area where they were not previously documented, like Poland [31], and the remote sensing is efficient and reliable methodology for new site detection that provides better insight in cultural landscapes and enables research on bigger scale. Multi-rondel sites are also documented in wider Central-European context [29]. ...
The decade of research concentrating on the area of Easter Slavonia revealed abundance of large on complex late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive late Neolithic settlement and space size and organization. As s first step in particular site detection we mostly conducted aerial reconnaissance and satellite image analysis but also data from the field such as excavation. On detected potential sites we conducted intensive field surveys and confirmed the attribution to the late Neolithic by surface finds. On those confirmed sites in the vicinity of Đakovo, Croatia, magnetic survey was conducted on 5 sites so far and the results confirmed presence of large scale late Neolithic settlements with complex spatial organization and enclosure(s). Most complex remains so far is site Gorjani Kremenjača and Topole which we present in this paper where a remains of one or two settlements covers the area of 70 hectares and is currently in the process of formal protection as a cultural landscape by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. Special focus of the paper is the application of remote sensing in detection, archaeological confirmation and protection of the position Gorjani Topole.
