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... 8 Using the same survey, comparable violence and physical fights among school children have been reported in UAE 5 , whereas higher rates were reported in Oman and UK. 6,7 The prevalence of violence, mental health issues, alcohol, and substance abuse was correlated with increased suicide rates. 5,6 About 13% of students attempted suicide with almost equal sex distribution, which is lower than international figures and could be attributed to the strictly forbidden ruling on suicide in Islam "And do not kill yourselves [or one another]. ...
... Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful [Qur`an 4: 29]". 2,7 Concerning attempting suicide, 15.2% of students considered attempting suicide with female predominance. This is comparable to UAE (13.0%) and Jordan (15.1%) 5,6 but lower than England (25%). ...
... This is comparable to UAE (13.0%) and Jordan (15.1%) 5,6 but lower than England (25%). 7 A strong relationship has also been found between adolescent bullying and mental, social, and physical health outcomes in victims of bullying. 10,11 Adolescent bullying is associated with an increase in serious injuries, drug use, and rates of attempted suicide. ...
Background: The Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) was developed to help countries measure and assess students' health behaviors and protective factors. This report discusses results from the first GSHS carried out in Bahrain during 2015-2016 by the Ministry of Education in collaboration with World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods: The GSHS includes students aged 13-17 years and employed a two-stage sample design involving a school and class level. 64 public and private schools were sampled out of 162 schools, and 320 classes of students in grades 7-11 were selected. Students completed a questionnaire addressing mental health, protective factors, sexual behaviors, violence, and unintentional injury. Results: 7,143 (89%) of the 8,068 sampled students completed the questionnaire. Of the students who responded, 3,685 (51.1%) were males, and 5,843 (84.5%) were between the ages of 13 to 17 years old. 27.2% of students were physically attacked, 41.4% were in a physical fight, and 28.6% were bullied one or more times during the past 12 months. 38.1% of the students never or rarely wore a seatbelt when in a car, and 30.7% never or rarely wore a helmet when riding a bicycle. 16.2% of students felt lonely most of the time or always, and 15.2% seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months. Conclusion: The study reported rates of violence, physical fights, bullying, and unsafe practices among school-Age children. Raising awareness regarding mental health and emotional well-being, assessment and support among school children is vital. Keywords: Bahrain, Mental health, School, School health, WHO
... The sample in England is further stratified by region and school type, ensuring a large representative sample of young people from across independent and state schools. In total, 5,335 young people took part in the 2014 HBSC study in England (see Brooks et al. [2015] for a detailed description of the sample characteristics). This study draws on data from 3,731 young people, who responded to questions about their PSHE education at school. ...
... Immediately prior to students completing the survey, it was reiterated that their involvement was voluntary and they could withdraw from the study. For further details see Brooks et al. (2015). ...
... The non-statutory nature of PSHE results in high variability across schools, including variation in individual schools' vision of PSHE and its purpose (Willis and Wolstenholme, 2016). This is demonstrated by variations in the delivery of topics in PSHE, with economic and careers education being rated least favourably (Brooks et al., 2015). This paper contributes to the evidence base surrounding views that there is a need to involve young people in the evaluation of PSHE education so as to identify what topics are important and beneficial for the lives of young people today (Formby and Wolstenholme, 2012;Willis et al., 2013). ...
Background
The broad nature of young people’s development is internationally acknowledged, which includes physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social elements. In England, schools have a legal obligation to promote spiritual, moral, social and cultural (SMSC) development. It has been suggested that personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education, a broad form of school-based health education, may contribute to building SMSC development in young people.
Objective
To examine the association between PSHE education in schools and outcomes of an SMSC nature.
Method
The study drew on data collected as part of the 2014 World Health Organization Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study for England. Data were collected from young people aged 11, 13 and 15 years, using anonymous self-completed surveys administered during school lessons. The analysis drew on responses from 3,731 young people. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the association between PSHE education and variables of an SMSC nature, while controlling for demographic variables.
Results
Overall, the majority of young people who reported receiving PSHE education were positive about the benefits of this school-based health education. Positive perceptions of PSHE education were significantly associated with increased spirituality among young people, reduced engagement in both fighting and bullying perpetration and increased general self-efficacy.
Conclusion
This paper highlights the important role that health education in a school context may have for young people’s broader development, and contributes to the national evidence base advocating for compulsory PSHE education in schools.
... [21][22][23] The present study is the first known UK study to examine the association between relational bullying and HRQL among a large representative sample of school-aged children, by drawing on data from the WHO Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study carried out in England. 24 Moreover, this paper furthers the understanding of gender differences in relational bullying through consideration of sex in the statistical model. Additional demographic variables including age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) were controlled for. ...
Background:
Bullying is a public health concern for the school-aged population, however, the health outcomes associated with the subtype of relational bullying are less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between relational bullying and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among young people.
Methods:
This study utilized data from 5335 students aged 11-15 years, collected as part of the 2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in England. Data were collected through self-completed surveys. Multilevel analysis modeled the relationship between relational bullying and HRQL. Demographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status) and other forms of bullying were controlled for.
Results:
Experiencing relational bullying had a significant negative association with HRQL whilst controlling for other forms of bullying. Weekly relational bullying resulted in an estimated 5.352 (95% confidence interval (CI), -4.178, -6.526) decrease in KIDSCREEN-10 score compared with those not experiencing relational bullying.
Conclusion:
Experiencing relational bullying is associated with poorer HRQL. The findings question the perception of relational bullying as being a predominantly female problem. Girls were more likely to report experiencing relational bullying, but the negative association with HRQL was equal for boys and girls.
The Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in affiliation with other organizations to obtain data on young people’s health behaviour and protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. This report discusses results from the first Global school-based student health survey carried out in Bahrain which assesses and measures students’ behavioural risk and protective factors with the aim of promoting health among schoolchildren. The GSHS includes students aged 13–17 and employed a two-stage sample design involving a school and class level. We sampled 64 schools, including 320 classes from grades 7–11. The ten core questionnaire modules address the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide. The overall response rate was 89%, 3,685 (51.1%) were males. 5,843 (84.5%) were between the ages of 13 to 17. Almost 40% were overweight, and 18.2% of the students were obese. Overall, 1,452 (23%) of the students were not physically active, with a higher representation of the female students; 774 (53%). About 27% have smoked cigarettes, 70.7% of whom are males, and 3.1% of students reported using drugs, 76% of them are males. 616 (19%) of students had food from fast-food restaurants for five or more days of the week. 24% never or rarely consumed breakfast, while 47% consumed fruits less than once per day, of whom 53% are female. The survey showed alarming rates of obesity, overweight and unhealthy food practices among school students. The lifestyle behaviours identified in this study will inform community-based intervention to help the country develop priorities, establish programs and advocate for resources for school health programs.
The present study examined the effectiveness of a school-based health education program promoting healthy diet and exercise, named DIEX, implemented on adolescents. The program is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and is supported by life skills training. The recipients of the program were high school students (n = 367; 168 boys and 199 girls) from 14 schools in Greece who attended 10 1 h sessions implemented by their schoolteachers. Data were collected before and after the program implementation through online questionnaires for: a. attitude, intention, subjective norms, and PBC toward healthy eating; b. knowledge about healthy eating; c. exercise behavior and attitude toward the DIEX program; and d. satisfaction with the DIEX program (only post-program). The results showed that there were significant differences among the pre- and post-measures of students’ knowledge and behavior about healthy diet, as well as attitudes and satisfaction toward the program’s application. The results show that the DIEX program may have improved nutrition behavior variables. Conclusively, a theory-based behavioral intervention with skills training may result in positive behavioral changes for young students during health education in school settings with the assistance of new technologies.
This report presents data from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in England. HBSC is an international study conducted in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The study captures data on young people’s health, health behaviours and social environment. In 2018, 3398 young people in England took part in the study.
In the last decade, technology has revolutionised the way we deliver healthcare. Smartphones, tablets, personal computers and bespoke devices have provided patients with the means to access health information, manage their healthcare and communicate with health professionals remotely. Advances in technology have the potential to change how acute and long-term conditions are diagnosed and managed and how illness is prevented using technological advances in artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, robotics, 3D printing, new materials, biosensor technologies and data analytics. In the future, predictive analytics will help with earlier disease diagnosis in at-risk populations.
Historically, development of child health innovation and technology has taken place in a relatively emergent manner with little formal coordination. The aim is to move away from the traditional approach of repurposing adult technologies to provide a large-scale and coordinated approach for the development of bespoke health technology for children that is anatomically, physiologically and developmentally appropriate, versatile and that has been designed with children and young people. The challenge for the National Health Service alongside healthcare systems across the world is to deliver increasingly complex healthcare at lower cost and with better quality of life and greater efficiency.
