Figure - available from: International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
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![X‐ray diffraction pattern for clay/sewage sludge ash (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]](profile/Asmaa-Negm/publication/338216204/figure/fig5/AS:11431281255370833@1719420115986/X-ray-diffraction-pattern-for-clay-sewage-sludge-ash-0-10-20-30-and-40-wt-Color.png)
X‐ray diffraction pattern for clay/sewage sludge ash (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Source publication
In the present study, sewage sludge ash (SSA) was added to clay to prepare lightweight ceramics for sustainable construction materials. The characterization and the effect of different concentrations of SSA on the physical and mechanical properties of the samples were studied. The results showed that the organic matter in SSA facilitated the combus...
Citations
The aim of the current study was to recover and separate cobalt ions from multielement solution, using hydroxyapatite (HAp) and magnetic nanocomposite of HAp/Fe3O4 as adsorbents. Cobalt ion adsorption process was conducted batchwise within the temperature 25˗55°C, exposure duration 5˗120 min by applying a dose of 0.25–5 g/L as the adsorbent at pH 2 to 9. Adsorbent characterization was performed using advanced spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The maximum ionic adsorption efficiency using HAp was 90.48% against 94.72% in the case of the magnetic nanocomposite of HAp, under optimal conditions. Various isotherm models were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity and equilibrium coefficients for adsorption of the cobalt ions by the prepared adsorbents. The isotherm models data showed that the adsorption process is desirable by the adsorbents and by adding nanoparticles of Fe3O4 the adsorption capacity improves.
Currently, the problem of processing various wastes for their further use, such as, for example, sewage sludge, is of considerable interest. The processing itself takes place by burning the sludge to obtain ash, the use of which may further require its additional cleaning from heavy metals. The proposed approach to assessing the composition of ash using a Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer, express control devices based on NMR and an X-ray spectrometer allows us to qualitatively assess the composition of ash and make informed decisions about its further use, storage and processing.
