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Wrightia tinctorial Fig 3: Green house grown plantlet during plant ready for acclimatization period. transplantation (30 days).

Wrightia tinctorial Fig 3: Green house grown plantlet during plant ready for acclimatization period. transplantation (30 days).

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A protocol for in vitro production and acclimatization of wrightia tinctoria (rox.) R. Br., is reported. Under the regime used in the study, the most critical factor for rooting was activated charcoal (0.05%) along with 6 μM Naphthalene aceticacid. The plantlets hardened with longer photoperiods had better survival percentages when compared with th...

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... III-Potting of plantlets in sand and vermiculite (1:1) and acclimatization for 7 days under green house conditions with 12 hr photo-period (Fig. 2). and Stage IV-Growth in green house conditions (Fig. 3). To promote ex vitro survival and physiological competence, especially to protect them against water stress and to encourage autotrophy a transitional environment is usually provided as acclimation interval of one to several weeks (Fabbri et al. 1986) [7] . Root formation is an ...

Citations

... Micropropagation protocols of WTR are reported by Purohit and Kukda 14 and others 10,12,15 from different regions of India like Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Kerala using nodal segments of in vitro seedling and mature plant respectively. The earlier micropropagation methods are not acceptable and reproducible as complete regeneration depends upon different factors like explant, genotype, concentration and combination of growth regulators, photoperiod, temperature, humidity, and irradiance. ...
Article
Wrightia tinctoria Roxb. (WTR) is a medicinal plant with soft wood that belongs to Apocynaceae family. The therapeutic constituents of this plant are used in treating many human ailments like psoriasis, diabetics and cancer. In view of low percent of natural regeneration, over exploitation due to its medicinal (treatment of human ailments) and commercial importance (toy making and pala indigo dye) and the hurdles faced by the Etikoppaka toy making industry (Vizag, A.P. India), there is dier need for conservation and production of propagules of this valuable soft woody and medicinally important tree. This study is undertaken to optimize and develop large scale regeneration and hardening protocol in Vadlamudi, Guntur Dt., A.P. using nodal explants of fifteen days old (in vitro) seedling. The nodal explants are inoculated on MS media amended with BAP (1.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.1 mg/L), induced 14 shoots per explant in 30 days with a length of 5.2 cm and 85-90% shoot initiation. The shoots when inoculated on Murashige Skoog media reinforce with IBA (3.5mg/L), showed eight roots per one shoot explant with maximum length of 6.9 cm. 99 % shoots initiated roots within 21 days of shoot inoculation. After 28 days of rooting, the plantlets are acclimatized to natural conditions through different stages and the % of survival rates of plantlets in the natural conditions was found to be 55 %.
... medicinal, ceremonial tissue culture *ˆMexico [118] Gentiana kurroo medicinal shoot culture * India [146] Eucalyptus spp. medicinal tissue culture * Australia, Tasmania [147] Rhinacanthus nasutus medicinal, dye tissue culture * Southwest Bengal [148] Gethyllis multifolia medicinal hydro culture * Worcester, South Africa [149] Agathosma betulina medicinal, food micropropagation * Western Cape, South Africa [150] Wrightia tinctoria medicinal stem cuttings * India [151] Aristolochia ringens medicinal root, stem cuttings * Nigeria [152] Manihot esculenta medicinal, food micropropagation * Global distribution [153] Artemisia tridentata medicinal, ceremonial micropropagation * Western North America [154] Swertia mussotii medicinal, ceremonial micropropagation * Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China [155] Nardostachys jatamansi medicinal micropropagation * Himalayan region [156] Sequoiadendron giganteum ornamental meristem culture Sierra Nevada, USA [157] Artocarpus altilis medicinal, food meristem culture *ˆPacific Islands [158] Solanum tuberosum food, ceremonial nodal explant tissue culture *ŝ hoot tip, micro tuber cryopreservation Global distribution [159][160][161][162] Hordeum vulgare food embryo cryopreservation * SW Asia, Himalayas [163] Ceiba pentandra medicinal, wood apical shoot culture Tropical forests, global distribution [164] Zea mays food, ceremonial embryo, seed cryopreservation Global distribution [165,166] * Indicates in vitro methods have been documented for conservation purposes.ˆDenotes in vitro projects carried out in explicit collaboration with Indigenous Peoples; unmarked reports do not disclose this information. ...
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Plant diversity is critical to the functioning of human societies, and evidence shows that plant conservation success is driven by integrative approaches that include social and biological factors. Plants have a unique capacity to reproduce asexually, and propagation practices can yield large numbers of plantlets. These plantlets can be used in several ways to fulfil conservation goals including the repopulation of regions with declining densities of threatened species that hold cultural meaning. However, the potential of in vitro technologies in the conservation of plants that hold cultural meaning is understudied. In this paper we focus upon the roles of in vitro technologies in the conservation of plants relevant to biocultural environments and provide an overview of potential knowledge gaps at the interface of in vitro and plants used traditionally, including those meaningful to Indigenous Peoples. We conclude that in vitro technologies can be powerful tools in biocultural conservation if they are deployed in a manner respectful of the socio-cultural context in which plants play a role, but that further research is needed in this regard. We suggest several epistemological points to facilitate future research.
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Integrating greeneries into the indoor dwelling environment boosts work performance and relieves stress to add to the overall psychological well-being especially in deserted urban settings. In addition to mental soothing, thermal regulation, air purification, aesthetics, public health, and comfort, the addition of plants to indoor settings may also contribute to the conservation of dwindling floral biodiversity. Despite authorities’ pledge for sustainable urban management, the status of indoor gardening has hitherto remained unexplored in the emerging megapolis of Bangladesh—Chattogram—the second largest urban center of the country. In addressing that gap, this study aims to explore the composition, diversity, and management of indoor plants in urban dwellings at Halishahar of Chattogram based on interviews on 48 households selected through multistage random sampling. Data from all selected households were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire through physically visiting the households. Almost half of the households (48%) living at Halishahar had indoor plants in their dwellings. The study recorded a handsome 120 indoor plant species belonging to 108 genera from 60 families. While the diversity was in no way comparable to the tropical ecosystem of the country, in consideration of the strict set of requirements for plants to be suitable for an indoor setting, the diversity seemed excellent as evident from four diversity indices. Soil mixed with compost, sand, and surki at different ratios is used as potting media. Pests were identified as the major challenge in managing the indoor plants. Application of domestic manure with the potting media was common as a means to maintain the nutrient flow. Bruised tea leaf is the most frequently added nutrient supplement. Apart from the aesthetic values, urban dwellers from Halishahar reported the immense potential of indoor gardening in supplementing daily nutrition and in mitigating the impacts of climate change. The lessons from this study can be used in informed policymaking for the promotion of biodiversity conservation and other benefits from indoor greening among urban dwellers in Bangladesh.
Chapter
Permaculture has been known to intentionally integrate diversity into the design of farms and mimic natural landscapes. This approach is in contrast to the mainstream monocropping system in conventional agriculture. The objectives of the study were to identify what plant species are commonly cultivated in permaculture farms and determine its uses as narrated by farmers and practitioners. The researchers conducted a crop inventory in 12 permaculture sites in the Philippines from August to November in 2018. To survey a 1 ha sampling area, a modified belt transect method with alternating 20 m2 plots was employed for full enumeration of plant species in each plot. To determine uses, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among farm staff. A total of 215 plant species were identified with an average species richness of 46 per farm. A comparison of crop inventories revealed that Colocasia esculenta and Capsicum frutescens were the most commonly cultivated crops found in ten sites (83%). It is followed by Annona muricata (nine sites) and Bambusoideae (eight). Results revealed that the majority of crops found were cultivated for household consumption.
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Plant genetic resources are the potential sources for farming, experimenting, and conserving plants. The crisis imparted by genetic erosion instigated global conservation schemes to protect plants. Dye-yielding plants are gaining much importance due to severe toxic effects of synthetic dyes. Biotechnology-based approaches like in vitro propagation, metabolic engineering, gene markers, and genome sequencing have substantially contributed to the conservation of dye-yielding plants. Cryopreservation of plants is also part of this conservation policy. Indigenous communities, their traditional knowledge, and community-based approach must be considered for an efficient conservation of dye-yielding plants.KeywordsConservationGenetic resourcesDye yielding plantsGenetic markersIn vitro propagation
Chapter
Breeders need access to unique genetic variability to meet the growing demand for food while maintaining sustainable agricultural production with the impacts of climate change for generating high-quality nutritional food. Changes in climate and anthropogenic activities and a multitude of environmental influences pose severe threats to food supply and preservation of natural diversity. For example, unpredictable droughts, elevated temperature, and new diseases and pests threaten crop production. Thus, breeding with crop wild relatives (CWR) gives significant resilience to modern agricultural systems and the ability to help sustainably boosting agricultural productivity. As a result, numerous genotype screenings are necessary for broad adaptability, producing a segregating material through fast breeding or rapid generation to shorten the breeding cycle and improving genetic gain. In addition, CWR genomics generates data that support CWR’s usage to boost agricultural genetic diversity. QTL mapping, identifying of candidate genes by next-generation sequencing, gene-based marker development, or significant candidate gene pyramiding of stress-responsive loci in popular cultivar are required to maintain the sustainability of crop production. Thus, genomic data is useful for identifying and isolating novel and dominant alleles of genes from crop gene pools that are agronomically important, which can be used to generate improved crop cultivars. Hence, the natural allelic difference in candidate genes that influences major agronomic characteristics and crop development initiatives is being investigated via allele mining. Among the CWRs of economically important crops, the wild species of rice is essential to improve modern rice cultivars. The awareness of novel genetic and genomic approaches of rice genetic resources for efficient utilization is crucial. Further, their conservation status and availability have not been quantified globally. As a result, a joint effort is required to improve the conservation and accessibility of crop wild relatives for rice breeding. Keywords: Genomics of CWR, Crop improvement, Rice genetic resources