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World energy consumption (quadrillion British thermal units); history and future projection (OECD refers to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) (Administration USEI 2019).

World energy consumption (quadrillion British thermal units); history and future projection (OECD refers to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) (Administration USEI 2019).

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With an increasing global population, energy demand is rising as well. The limitation of fossil fuels, climate change, and environmental concerns due to the usage of these fuels, have led to considerable attention to renewable energies in the last few decades. Solar energy and biomass are two of the best available sources of renewable energy in mos...

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... as one of the essential requirements for humans and industries, plays a critical role in the economic development of any country (Mohaghegh 2018). Increasing the world population continuously and the economic growth in developing countries such as China and India, have significantly boosted energy demands and prices (Figures 1and Figure 2) (Administration USEI 2019). It has led to a rise in environmental concerns, such as climate change and global warming ( Figure 3). ...

Citations

... Contrarily, pairing CSP plants with other renewables has the greatest potential in decelerating climate change and providing a sustainable energy alternative. For instance, the hybridization of CSP plants with biomass and biofuel is a well-accepted, flexible solution that has a similar configuration to CSP-natural gas hybridization [68]. This type of hybridization allows electric power to be produced in a fully renewable manner and at a comparatively low cost [69]. ...
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Libya is facing a serious challenge in its sustainable development because of its complete dependence on traditional fuels in meeting its growing energy demand. On the other hand, more intensive energy utilization accommodating multiple energy resources, including renewables, has gained considerable attention. This article is motivated by the obvious need for research on this topic due to the shortage of applications concerning the prospects of the hybridization of energy systems for electric power generation in Libya. The 283 MW single-cycle gas turbine operating at the Sarir power plant located in the Libyan desert is considered a case study for a proposed Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) system. By utilizing the common infrastructure of a gas-fired power plant and concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, a triple hybrid system is modeled using the EES programming tool. The triple hybrid system consists of (i) a closed Brayton cycle (BC), (ii) a Rankine cycle (RC), which uses heat derived from a parabolic collector field in addition to the waste heat of the BC, and (iii) an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which is involved in recovering waste heat from the RC. A thermodynamic analysis of the developed triple combined power plant shows that the global power output ranges between 416 MW (in December) and a maximum of 452.9 MW, which was obtained in July. The highest overall system efficiency of 44.3% was achieved in December at a pressure ratio of 12 and 20% of steam fraction in the RC. The monthly capital investment cost for the ISCC facility varies between 52.59 USD/MWh and 58.19 USD/MWh. From an environmental perspective, the ISCC facility can achieve a carbon footprint of up to 319 kg/MWh monthly compared to 589 kg/MWh for the base BC plant, representing a reduction of up to 46%. This study could stimulate decision-makers to adopt ISCC power plants in Libya and other developing oil-producing countries.
... Solar energy technologies are associated with high investment costs and renewable intermittency, while biomass power generations require a large supply of fuel which must be available at all times. However, the combination of solar and biomass energy will be a reliable energy investment and it is projected to be able to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions due to its availability in most parts of the world [14]. ...
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The increasing demand for electricity, high prices, and lack of fossil fuels are forcing local community to look for renewable energy sources. Villages in palm oil mills have large volumes of biomass waste, especially palm oil mill effluent (POME), which causes environmental and health issues. This study proposed a hybrid renewable energy system consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas to provide sustainable electrification for an off-grid village. To minimize the environmental impact and availability of the applied technology, the PV panels were incorporated with a biogas-fueled generator. Simulation experiments were carried out using the HOMER software for an average daily demand of about 159.65 kWh/day and a peak load of 20 kW. The investigation was emphasized to find the optimal PV/biogas system to serve the village community considering electrical, economical, and environmental aspects. Subsequently, a standalone biogas system was used as the base case. The proposed configuration consisted of a biodigester, a biogas-fueled generator, PV panels, an inverter, and batteries with 8.5 hours of autonomy to produce electricity of around 67,216 kWh/year. The results demonstrated the technical and economic feasibility, as well as the environmental benefits of a PV/biogas system for generating electricity for the off-grid village community.
... Global energy demand is gradually increasing, even in rural and remote areas scattered in developing countries [1]. These areas are far from the city centers which are normally covered by national grid, though the population and electric power demand is large [2]. ...
Article
To better understand the latest development of renewable energy systems, recent studies on multi-energy complementary power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy are reviewed in this paper. The connection modes of power grids and economic system analysis are summarized and discussed respectively, putting forward some suggestions on the system design and operation optimization. Firstly, the characteristics and differences between an integrated system and an off-grid system are reviewed, concluding that an integrated system is more reliable and costeffective based on a few case studies. Secondly, the commonly used economic parameters and cost evaluation methods of the hybrid power system are reviewed. Those methods offer crucial tools to optimize the system, and they are able to analyze the system feasibility, enabling the most economical configuration. The results of several cases prove that the hybrid multi-energy system is more economical than the single-energy system. Finally, there are few articles focusing on technical details assessments and environmental impacts, which leaves room for future study.
... The first section of this paper focuses on the utilization of solar energy in solar power plants. Generally, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and photovoltaic power (PV) plants are the two most prevalent methods for utilizing solar energy (Mohaghegh et al. 2021). ...
... During the last two decades, many researchers reported some improvements in this field including reflector and collector design and material, transport, power production, and storage of thermal energy (Barlev, Vidu, and Stroeve 2011). Water, organic fluid, thermal (synthetic) oil, or molten salt can be used as HTF in CSP (Mohaghegh et al. 2021). Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) plants are composed of reflectors (usually silvered acrylic) that are bent in a single dimension to concentrate sunlight onto an absorber tube situated in the focal line of the parabola. ...
... Figure 1 represents the schematics of the most developed and widely used CSP technologies that were explained. Mohaghegh et al. (2021) in their review article, presented an important table including operational, under construction, and planned integrated solar combined cycle plants. Large-scale Photovoltaic (PV) systems that feed energy into the grid are known as photovoltaic power stations (or solar farms). ...
... As an eco-friendly, cost-effective solution, hybrid biomass power generation could be a possible future trend that provides sufficient system flexibility to satisfy dynamic grid and performance targets and improve plant utilization. Technology evolutionary features show that the hybridization of energy resources (e.g., thermal, solar, and biomass) and applications in power plants have attracted recent research attention, and different biomass-based hybrid configurations with solar, wind, fuel cell, micro-hydro, geothermal, and diesel generators have been discussed (Mohaghegh et al. 2021;Malik et al. 2021;Tilahun et al. 2021;Ullah et al. 2021). Solar-driven bio-refineries were found in Path 6, and the concept of bio-refinery may make bioenergy development more feasible in the long term. ...
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Biomass power generation technologies, which are now mature and competitive, can alleviate power shortages, reduce the damaging environmental effects of coal-based power generation, and provide alternative renewable energy. While understanding trends is essential for making policies and decisions, few studies to date have examined biomass power generation’s technological evolutionary development path from a patent data perspective. This paper uses patent data to reveal the biomass power generation technological evolutionary trajectory. Using growth curve and citation network approaches, the evolution of the core technologies and the main trajectories over time were identified. After simulations and predictions based on the logistic growth curve, it was revealed that biomass power generation had entered technological maturity and would meet saturation in 2031. Main path analysis was introduced to trace the technological trajectory. The patent citation analysis revealed six main technology paths. Further analysis identified biomass power generation hybridization, the use of waste to generate power, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage as potential technologies to achieve negative emissions.
... A growing global population and civilization's increasing energy needs necessitate that researchers take a closer look at renewable energy systems as an inevitable alternative to fossil fuels [1]. Due to the availability of solar radiation, in comparison to other renewable energy sources such as wind, and biomass, solar energy represents a significant potential to use in energy systems. ...
Article
Direct Absorption Solar Collectors (DASCs) are a widely utilized technology in residential applications. However, having known the limitation in DASC size, the efficiency must be enhanced by applying effective modifications and optimizing design parameters. In this study, the performance of a wavy bottom-shaped collector filled with an aluminum porous medium was investigated and the most influential characteristic parameters are specified. Then a design for DASC using Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanofluid is proposed and characteristic parameters are optimized based on the full factorial design of the experiment methodology. The model consists of four primary factors, including nanofluid volume concentration (C=0.025%,0.05%,0.1%), porosity (ε=0.8,0.88,0.95), bottom wave amplitude (A=2.5,5,7.5mm), and bottom wavenumber (λ=15,30,60m−1). The results indicated that lowering porosity and increasing nanofluid concentrations improves collector efficiency, whereas rising the wave amplitude and wavenumber causes a higher pressure drop. Additionally, by employing the full factorial design, the main and interaction effects of factors on the efficiency and pressure drop of DASC as the response variables are evaluated. Thus, an optimum value is observed for wave amplitude to reach maximum efficiency and minimize pressure drop. By integrating a porous medium and a wavy bottom with nanofluid, the efficiency of DASC is enhanced from 52 to 93.7%, paving the way for their use in residential applications.
... Global energy consumption is expected to increase by 50% by 2050 from the 2020 consumption value of about 60 quadrillion British thermal units (BTUs) in direct response to increased demand by the population at the time [1]. The rise in energy consumption combined with the increasing exploitation of non-renewal traditional fossil fuel resources has confronted the world with severe global warming and climate change issues. ...
Article
The study explored the combined photosynthetic activities of two green microalgal species, Tetradesmus obliquus and Tetradesmus reginae, on an integrated biophotovoltaic (BPV) platform for simultaneous wastewater treatment, toxic metal biosorption, carbon biofixation, bioelectricity generation and biodiesel production. The experimental setup comprised of a dual-chambered BPV with copper anode surrounded by T. obliquus in BG11 media, and copper cathode with T. reginae in municipal wastewater separated by Nafion 117 membrane. The study reported a maximum power density of 0.344 Wm⁻² at a cell potential of 0.415V with external resistance of 1000 Ω and 0.3268V maximum open-circuit voltage. The wastewater electrical conductivity and pH increased from 583 ± 22 to 2035 ± 29.31 mS/cm and 7.403 ± 0.174 to 8.263 ± 0.055 respectively, signifying increased photosynthetic and electrochemical activities. Residual nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead removal efficiencies by T. reginae were 100%, 80.68%, 71.91%, 47.6%, 88.82%, 71.24% and 92.96%, respectively. T. reginae accumulated maximum biomass of 0.605 ± 0.033 g/L with a CO2 biosequestration rate of 0.166 ± 0.010 gCO2/L/day and 42.40 ± 1.166% lipid content. Methyl palmitate, methyl undecanoate and 13-octadecenoic acid with relative abundances of 37.24%, 24.80% and 12.02%, respectively were confirmed.
... Specifically, selecting a biomass boiler further reduces the environmental footprint of the heating and cooling load coverage and is selected as a solution in many cases showing a potential direction of building load coverage by solely renewable energy sources (Palomba et al. 2020). A comprehensive and detailed review of combinations of the above energy sources has been performed recently (Mohaghegh et al. 2021). ...
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Refrigeration systems claim increasing research attention as the climate crisis intensifies. One of the most well-established viable and feasible solutions is solar cooling, as the necessary cooling energy is produced by exploiting the available solar irradiance. The utilization of solar thermal energy to produce cooling energy by absorption chillers fed by a driving heat source (such as solar energy) to produce cooling power. Existing works in the literature present mainly case studies and simulations for small-scale systems (less than 50 kW c). The case study presented investigates the performance of a single-effect 316 kW c absorption chiller under different renewable-only driving heat source scenarios (solar-driven, biomass-driven, and a hybrid approach). The results indicate a significantly advantageous performance in combined heat generation (solar field and biomass boiler connected in series) compared to the scenarios of biomass or solar energy as a sole heat source. Moreover, an absorption chiller's economic indicators appear more fetching than a centrifugal electric chiller of the same capacity, as the pay-back period is significantly reduced. The Net Present Value (N.P.V.-over 75% greater in the case of absorption chiller compared to the centrifugal electrical chiller) and Return on Investment (R.O.I.) values are increased in the case of the absorption chiller option (18.03% against 15.24% of the centrifugal electrical chiller). The system described in this paper operates in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece, and is part of one of the largest self-sufficient energy communities. The case study presented is the first attempt at performance evaluation of a large-scale (more than 250 kW c) cooling system operating in a local energy community. ARTICLE HISTORY
... For a non-grid homogenous cellular network, a hybrid solar PV with a biomass generator (BG) supply scheme was developed in [26]. The integration of solar PV with biomass resources for establishing a longterm sustainable and reliable power station has been thoroughly investigated in reference [27]. In this work, the fundamental problems of developing a hybrid solar PV/biomassfocused power plant were investigated, and several significant solutions were proposed. ...
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The increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) along with the rise in demand for wireless communication had led to the need to deploy cellular base stations powered by locally accessible RESs. Moreover, networks powered by renewable energy sources have the ability to reduce the costs of generating electricity, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, thus maintaining the quality of service (QoS). This paper examines the techno-economic feasibility of developing grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV)/biomass generator (BG)-powered heterogeneous networks in Bangladesh, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of RESs and traffic. To guarantee QoS, each macro and micro-base station is supplied through a hybrid solar PV/BG coupled with enough energy storage devices. In contrast, pico and femto BSs are powered through standalone solar PV units due to their smaller power rating. A hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER)-based optimization algorithm is considered to determine the optimum system architecture , economic and environmental analysis. MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations are used to assess the system's throughput and energy efficiency. A new weighted proportional-fair resource method is presented by trading power consumption and communication latency in non-real-time applications. Performance analysis of the proposed architecture confirmed its energy efficiency, economic soundness, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Additionally, the suggested method was shown to increase the battery life of the end devices.
... Due to this situation, a certain amount of time may have to pass to make a profit in these projects [31]. Therefore, how long this project will take is a very important issue [32]. In other words, ending these projects before the expected time will lead to a decrease in profitability [33]. ...
... References Establishment cost (EC) [14] Operations and maintenance costs (OMC) [20] Capacity loss (CL) [26] Changes in project lifetime (CPL) [32] Establishment costs gives information about the total amount of initial investment cost. Furthermore, operations and maintenance costs include repair, routine service and controlling of the energy equipment. ...
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Energy costs are the key factors regarding the selection of appropriate renewable energy (RWG) alternatives. All costs of a power plant, such as investment, operation, maintenance, and repair are considered in the scope of levelized costs. Therefore, for the effective determination of the selling price of the energy, levelized cost has a guiding role. Because the levelized costs of RWG alternatives develop the sustainable production and energy consumption for the long term, the leading indicators of these costs should be analyzed significantly. Accordingly, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the levelized cost of RWG alternatives by using bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) hybrid decision-making approach. The novelty of this study is to recommend an integrated decision-making model based on bipolar and q-ROFSs with golden cut. At the first stage, bipolar q-ROF multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA) is employed for weighting the selected criteria of levelized costs of RWG alternatives. At the following stage, bipolar q-ROF technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is considered to rank the alternatives in terms of the levelized cost performance. On the other side, vise kriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje (VIKOR) model is also considered to rank the alternatives. In addition to this issue, the sensitivity analysis is also performed with four cases comparatively. Hence, consistency, reliability and coherency of the proposed model can be measured. It is identified that capacity loss has the greatest importance regarding the levelized cost of RWG projects. Solar is found as the best clean energy type with respect to the levelized cost management performance. In this context, it would be appropriate for investors to design projects close to the center. This will contribute to increasing the efficiency and productivity of these projects.