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The gas attacks during the First World War stood for a new kind of warfare and shaped the soldiers’ experience of living through an apocalypse never before imagined. This article examines the literary and artistic topics and forms used to express this ordeal by German, British and French writers, poets and painters, the majority of whom had fought...
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... Vorticist William Roberts, an artist from the English prewar avant-garde, served until the end of 1917 as a machine gunner before he painted "The First German Gas Attack at Ypres" in the spring of 1918 as official military artist for the Canadian War Memorials Fund (see Gough 2010, 278-290;Malvern 2004, 122124) (Fig. 5). The picture was shown in 1919 at the London Royal Academy of Arts in the exhibit "The Nation's War Paintings," where it generated controversy. In a panic-like flight from the gas clouds, Franco-Algerian soldiers in blue-red come up against a rearward position occupied by Allied Canadian troops. A chaotic tangle of suffering men, not ...
Citations
Exploring the history of the gas mask in Germany from 1915 to the eve of the Second World War, Peter Thompson traces how chemical weapons and protective technologies like the gas mask produced new relationships to danger, risk, management and mastery in the modern age of mass destruction. Recounting the apocalyptic visions of chemical death that circulated in interwar Germany, he argues that while everyday encounters with the gas mask tended to exacerbate fears, the gas mask also came to symbolize debates about the development of military and chemical technologies in the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. He underscores how the gas mask was tied into the creation of an exclusionary national community under the Nazis and the altered perception of environmental danger in the second half of the twentieth century. As this innovative new history shows, chemical warfare and protection technologies came to represent poignant visions of the German future.
Resumo: Fruto dos processos de expansão das potências imperialistas, as disputas de poder, territórios e mercados, muitas vezes fatores quase sinônimos, culminaram em confrontos, como a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). O conflito, inicialmente idelizado como algo rápido, extendera-se. O perdurar, as trincheiras e a busca pela vitória incentivaram uma exponencial corrida tecnológica que afetara diversos setores das nações que dela participaram. Os gases tóxicos foram usados pela primeira vez em larga escala por soldados alemãs em 1915. Dali até o fim do conflito o terror dos gases tornara-se constante desde as linhas de produção até as trincheiras de batalha. Esse artigo pretende analisar, num âmbito introdutório, diferentes consequências que a produção e a utilização de gases venenosos causaram perante a aqueles que tiveram de alguma forma a vida por eles afetada.
As a result of the expansion of the imperialist powers, disputes, territories and markets, often near-synonymous, culminated in clashes, such as the First World War (1914-1918). The conflict, initially idle as fast, had spread. The enduring, the trenches and the quest for victory spurred an exponential technological race that had affected many sectors of the nations that participated in it. Toxic gases were used for the first time on a large scale by German soldiers in 1915. By the end of the conflict the terror of the gases had become constant from the production lines to the battle trenches. This article intends to analyze, in an introductory scope, different consequences that the production and the use of poisonous gases caused before those who had in some way the life affected by them.
