5 Wilderness quality index of national park core zones in Austria (according to Plutzar et al., 2013)

Contexts in source publication

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... In the work ) the already considered 7-degree hemeroby scale of H.Sukopp and H.-P.Blume is applied. At the same time, a sufficiently reliable direct nonlinear spatial correlation was established at the level of the landscape cells and the municipalities between the corresponding values of HANPP and the average-weighted index of hemeroby ( Fig.1.15, a) and c)). The latter was qualified as the first indicator of naturalness, which is calculated based on expert assessments and taking into account the experience of large-scale field ...

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... types of land cover that correspond to the 1 st -3 rd degree of hemeroby according to Table 1 are included in such nature-accentuated ones. According to , they are objects of little or infrequent human intervention ( Fig.1.25). Regarding the latter, it should be noted the PhD statement of S. Frank (2014), where the author uses the traditional scale of hemeroby according to (Blume & Sukopp, 1976) as a starting point for modeling ecosystem services. ...

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... scheme of such zoning for Ukraine was analyzed according to V.Voloshchuk, M. Grodzynskyi and P.Shyshchenko (1998) with taxons from geoecological zone to micro-district. In addition, in (Shyshchenko, Havrylenko & Munich, 2014) a choropleth with the main types of nature management on the territory of Ukraine is presented (according to the Law of Ukraine, 2002) ( Fig.1.35). Here, in particular, the density of highways and railway tracks is mapped. ...

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... 2013) In addition, guidelines for land use mapping in Australia (2011) are methodically interesting. In it, a synthesis of such notions as 'land use' itself, 'commodity', 'land cover', 'land management practice' and 'tenure' is put into the conceptual foundations of this mapping ( Fig.1.45). The review of O. Karaim (2011) regarding the state of regulation for landscape potential management in foreign countries and Ukraine is also relevant for the problems of this textbook. ...

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... generation and distribution networks' (according to T.Yasnyuk, scale 1:4000000) ( Fig.3.15); 6) raster map in the electronic version of the Atlas of Ukraine (hereinafter, shortly, the electronic atlas (2000)) 'Areas for recreation and health-resort treatment of the population' (according to A.Bochkovskaia and L.Rudenko, scale 1:6000000); 7) other auxiliary sources. These included, in particular, open for free (noncommercial) access RSD of the Landsat program, namely the Landsat 8 satellite, with a maximum spatial resolution of 15 meters (Samoilenko, Dibrova and Plaskalnyi, 2018). ...

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... should also be recalled that according to the joint ratings of the anthropization and geosituation indexes (see Fig.4.15), the Volynsko-Poliska, Kyivsko-Poliska, Zhytomyrsko-Poliska and Novhorod-Siversko-Poliska sub-regions form the first 'quadruple'. Instead, the Chernihivsko-Poliska sub-region has the 6 th such joint rating. ...

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... such distributions in the quasi-spectra of normalized indexes and areas of the Zhytomyrsko-Poliska sub-region (Fig.4.25), the following should be noted. ...

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... the systems just listed cover almost 50% of the sub-regional model area. Physic-geographic districts of the Novhorod-Siversko-Poliska sub-region are rather anthropized as for the Poliskyi region (Fig.4.35 and Fig.4.37 at the top). ...

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... distribution of areas by dominant systems in the districts of the Volynska vysochynna sub-region is characterized by its only geo-negative type 62 (Fig.4.45 at the above). The cumulative distribution of systems' areas ( Fig.4.45 at the bottom and Fig.4.40), as expected, is represented by concave for one district and essentially concave for four districts. ...

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... peculiarity of the quasi-spectra for this sub-region (Fig.4.50) is that, firstly, among the second-category geo-positive systems, the broad-leaved forest system 'singlehandedly' prevails with more than 22% of the sub-regional area. Relatively essential for the conditions of the sub-region is the total area of nature-protection systems (I.1+I.2), which reaches about 3% of the sub-regional area. ...

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... to these pre-conditions, the quasi-spectra of indexes and areas in the Seredniopodilska vysochynna sub-region (Fig.4.56) indicate that among geo-positive systems that are generally small in terms of total area, such systems prevail as: ...

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... also aggregate 31 districts. The sequence of these sub-regions, all of which are highlands (i.e., with adjective 'vysochynna'), in view of the increase in their average-weighted anthropization index (Fig.4.65 at the top) is as follows: the Pivnichno-Skhidna Prydniprovska sub-region, the Pivdennoprydniprovska sub-region, the Pivnichno-Zakhidna Prydniprovska sub-region, the Kyivska vysochynna sub-region, the Tsentralnoprydniprovska sub-region, the Pivdennopodilska sub-region, the Serednobuzka sub-region and the PrydnistrovskoSkhidnopodilska sub-region. ...

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... the Livoberezhnodniprovskyi region is characterized by the variability of the types concerning district cumulative distributions, which is slightly greater than in the previous region (Fig.4.95). Here, 4 such types are simulated for 17 districts of the region. ...

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... distribution of areas by the dominant systems in the districts of the Pivnichnoprydniprovska sub-region (Fig.4.99 at the top) corresponds to the geo-negative type 462 in 4 physic-geographic districts, and to types 624 and 642, which are similar in content, in 2 districts. Similarly, in 2 districts, the cumulative distribution is close to rectilinear (Fig.4.99 at the bottom and Fig.4.95), which is adequate for the high-categorical moderate-strong anthropogenic impact on them of the 2 nd level. On the other hand, 4 more districts have a concave cumulative distribution, that is, they are already under the low-categorical strong impact. ...

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... to such peculiarities, geo-negative types of area distribution by the dominant systems, which are types 52 and 562 (Fig.4.106 at the top), prevail in the districts of the Skhidnopoltavska vysochynna sub-region. And the cumulative distribution, the only one for all districts, is the concave distribution (Fig.4.106 at the bottom and Fig.4.95). It indicates the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact on all these physic-geographic taxons. ...

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... have the same type of distribution for areas by the dominant systems, namely the peculiar type 462, and the concave cumulative distribution (see Fig.4.13, Table 4.1, Table 3.5 and Fig.4.95). The latter indicate the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact on these taxons. ...

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... type of areas' distribution by the dominant systems in both districts is the same as in the Pivdennoprydniprovska terasova nyzovynna sub-region in general -it is type 462 (Fig.4.108 at the top). Instead, district cumulative distributions are weakly concave and concave (Fig.4.108 at the bottom and Fig.4.95). This is adequate, accordingly, for the high-categorical moderate-strong anthropogenic impact of the 3 rd level and the lowcategorical strong impact on the mentioned physic-geographic districts. ...

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... is adequate, accordingly, for the high-categorical moderate-strong anthropogenic impact of the 3 rd level and the lowcategorical strong impact on the mentioned physic-geographic districts. Fig.4.105 Digital choropleth of the anthropization extent categories (at the top) and the geoecological situation in land use (at the bottom) in the physic-geographic districts of the Skhidnopoltavska vysochynna sub-region located in the Livoberezhnodniprovskyi region in the zone of forest-steppe Legend: codes of districts -in a black box; underlined digits at the top -codes of anthropization extent categories and subcategories according to Table 3.2, at the bottom -codes of geoecological situation categories according to Table 3.3; digits in blue italics at the top -megaregional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -megaregional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics at the top -regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics in a white box at the top -sub-regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -sub-regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST Fig.4.106 ...

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... almost complete set of geo-negative types related to areas' distribution of dominant systems in the districts, namely types 62, 52, 562 and 642, is inherent to the districts of the Sumska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region (Fig.4.112 at the top). But the cumulative areas' distributions of systems in these districts have a single, namely, concave type (Fig.4.112 at the bottom and Fig.4.95). It corresponds to the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact on these physic-geographic taxons. ...

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... type 52 prevails in the distribution for areas of dominant systems in the districts of the Kharkivska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region (Fig.4.115 at the top). Cumulative distributions for areas of land use systems in 5 of these districts are concave, marking the low-categorical strong anthropogenic impact on the districts according to Table 3.5. ...

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... another one, the Bilokolodiazko-Velykoburlutskyi district, the cumulative distribution, as already noted, is essentially concave. It already indicates the highcategorical strong impact on this district (Fig.4.115 at the bottom). 1 … 7 -colors and codes of anthropization extent categories and subcategories (categories and subcategories of LULC systems) according to the Table 3.2, namely anthropization (systems): 1 -very slight (very geo-positive), 2 -slight (geo-positive), 3 -moderate (moderately geo-positive), 4a -lowcategorical moderate-great (low-categorical moderately geo-negative), 4b -high-categorical moderate-great (high-categorical moderately geo-negative), 5a -low-categorical great (low-categorical geo-negative), 5b -high-categorical great (high-categorical geo-negative), 6 -very great (very geo-negative), 7 -excessive (excessively geo-negative) Fig.4.111 Digital choropleth of the anthropization extent categories (at the top) and the geoecological situation in land use (at the bottom) in the physic-geographic districts of the Sumska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region located in the Skhidnoukrainskyi region in the zone of forest-steppe Legend: codes of districts -in a black box; underlined digits at the top -codes of anthropization extent categories and subcategories according to Table 3.2, at the bottom -codes of geoecological situation categories according to Table 3.3; digits in blue italics at the top -megaregional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -megaregional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics at the top -regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics in a white box at the top -sub-regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -sub-regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST Fig.4.112 ...

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... choropleth of the anthropization extent categories (at the top) and the geoecological situation in land use (at the bottom) in the physic-geographic districts of the Sumska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region located in the Skhidnoukrainskyi region in the zone of forest-steppe Legend: codes of districts -in a black box; underlined digits at the top -codes of anthropization extent categories and subcategories according to Table 3.2, at the bottom -codes of geoecological situation categories according to Table 3.3; digits in blue italics at the top -megaregional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -megaregional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics at the top -regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics in a white box at the top -sub-regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -sub-regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST Fig.4.112 Percentage distributions for total areas of LULC systems by categories of these systems according to Table 3.2 (at the top) and approximation by polynomial trends of cumulative graphs for such areas (at the bottom) in the districts of the Sumska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region Legend: digits in parentheses -types (codes) of distributions according to Table 3.4 (at the top) and according to Table 3.5 (at the bottom); continuous lines at the bottom -trends, dots -cumulative graphs Table 3.2, at the bottom -codes of geoecological situation categories according to Table 3.3; digits in blue italics at the top -megaregional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -megaregional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics at the top -regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST; digits in black italics in a white box at the top -sub-regional ratings for districts by increasing values of ІANT,DIST**, at the bottom -sub-regional ratings for districts by descending values of ІGSLU,DIST Fig.4.115 Percentage distributions for total areas of LULC systems by categories of these systems according to Table 3.2 (at the top) and approximation by polynomial trends of cumulative graphs for such areas (at the bottom) in the districts of the Kharkivska skhylovo-vysochynna sub-region Legend: digits in parentheses -types (codes) of distributions according to Table 3.4 (at the top) and according to Table 3.5 (at the bottom); continuous lines at the bottom -trends, dots -cumulative graphs ...