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When prototypes are aimed to the periphery of the problem we gain a bigger understanding of the future system.
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Since design has made an argument on its ability to foresee possible future scenarios for the artifacts designers construct; one of the most important contemporary issues is the understanding of how these objects and the people around them will interact in the real world, beyond the expectations proposed on the process of design. This paper advance...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... this model we stop trying to aim to the ideal solution, and consciously aim to the periphery of the problem on an attempt, not to solve the problem, but to recognize the emergence of new knowledge on the physical interactions of users with it. On a model like this, each instance is intended as a way to increase our understanding of the possible future shifts that this object could generate and in the same process a new understanding of the problem itself (Figure 4). We can see that instead of converging into the 'optimal' solution, the model seeks for knowledge of the possible ways in which the system could be modified, and the complexity of the system that contains the process. ...
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Citations
Esta pesquisa aborda a leitura em voz alta entre adultos com foco no entretenimento. O projeto foi inspirado na percepção de como os livros infantis se tornam um mediador da interação entre o adulto e a criança. Nesta proposta, intenta-se replicar entre adultos essa conexão percebida; agora não mais por uma necessidade de auxílio, mas sim, por uma vontade de estar com o outro em um momento de entretenimento. Logo, o objetivo geral é contribuir através do design editorial com a promoção de relações positivas entre adultos por meio da leitura em voz alta. No processo investigativo a metodologia escolhida foi a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados e, junto com esta, utilizaram-se protótipos experimentais. A abordagem da pesquisa se alinhou ao Design Positivo. Dessa forma, buscou-se encontrar possibilidades de projeto que melhorassem o bem-estar subjetivo dos usuários, focando-se principalmente no aspecto social do livro. Nos primeiros estudos exploratórios foi observada a dinâmica da leitura oral que acontecia naturalmente em pares e em grupo. Com base nesses resultados, os protótipos realizados passaram a ter diretrizes mais delimitadas para o usuário, as quais envolviam leitura, desenho e pintura, assim como abrangiam tanto pessoas que já se conheciam previamente como desconhecidos. Foram desenvolvidos dois protótipos físicos: The Listener’s Book e O Alienista – para ser lido a dois. O primeiro consistia em um livro específico para os ouvintes utilizarem quando estivessem ouvindo a leitura. Em suas páginas, ao invés de conter texto, foram oferecidos espaços para desenhar que acompanhavam o ritmo de leitura do "livro do autor". O segundo apresentava a proposta do modelo editorial Leitura Distribuída. Nessa edição o conteúdo foi dividido de forma alternada em dois volumes para ser lido em voz alta por duas pessoas juntas: um volume continha os capítulos pares e, o outro, os ímpares; naqueles em que o texto estava ausente foram disponibilizadas ilustrações para serem coloridas pelo ouvinte. Os protótipos se mostraram satisfatórios dentro do objetivo proposto e propiciaram aos leitores momentos de interação, relaxamento e aproximação. Através de seus resultados foi possível estabelecer diretrizes a serem seguidos em outras propostas de design com o foco na leitura compartilhada.
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This research is about the development of a design framework intended for adults who read out loud to other adults as a prosocial activity. Although it addresses both reading and listening, the focus of the design activity is on adult listeners. The project was inspired by children’s books, in how they serve as a mediator for the interaction between the adult and child. The idea is to replicate the same experience between adults, not anymore for a necessity of help to read, but now for a willingness to be together during a moment of leisure. Therefore, the general goal of this project is to promote, through Editorial Design the strengthening of affective bond among adults through reading out loud practices. The methodology is based on Project-grounded research, with the resources of experimental prototypes addressed to thinking how could design enhance the out-loud reading experience for an adult listener. The study follows the Positive Design’s approach, searching design possibilities to enhance the subjective well-being of the users, focusing especially on the social aspects of the book that used to be present at least until the beginning of the 19th, century. First, the experimental prototypes were made to better comprehend the oral reading dynamic that happened naturally between pairs and small groups. Based on these results, the following ones were more concentrated at practice possibilities, including reading, drawing, and painting, and involving people who already knew each other, as well as people who did not know each other before the reading experience. Two physical prototypes were developed: The Listener’s Book and O Alienista – para ser lido a dois. The first one consists of a booklet with blank and illustrated pages, with numbered pages that would directly relate to the page spreads of the book that would be read. The idea is to maintain a relationship between the "author’s book" and the "Listener’s Book". The second was an edition of the model Distributed Reading. It uses two books. One contains the odd-numbered chapters, with visual and text prompts replacing the even-numbered chapters. The companion book reverses the pattern, with the original content in its even-numbered chapters, and prompts replacing odd-numbered chapters. Both prototypes proved to be satisfactory in promoting among the readers moments of relaxation, interaction, and closeness. Through the achieved results it was possible to establish guidelines to be followed in future projects involving shared reading experiences that strengthens affective bonds.
Designers have been interested in the relationship(s) between design theory, practice, and pedagogy ever since the field emerged as a scholarly discipline. In this article, we recount how we took a design theory originally developed for use in grassroots policymaking and redeployed it in the graduate classroom. The theory posits that visions of the future are always value-laden and systemic, and designers can understand those visions more thoroughly by examining not just a single design focus, but instead a series of clusters of designs that sit on the periphery of that single design. Eight graduate students were each asked to consider a topic area related to their thesis, then look 50 years into the past of that topic and 50 years into its future, describing designs at each decade that represented the primary values of the period. In this way, they learned about design history in the context of design futures, while simultaneously practicing how to understand design as a process that imbricates value clusters.
Design’s arguments of innovative transformation and its constant search for a preferred future have become a contemporary principle of the discipline, and yet most design models limit their process to the production of the next stage of incremental innovation. This approach to the future carries significant systemic problems that can go from unexpected behavioral changes to unintended discrimination against certain groups, especially when addressing complex social problems and transformations. Avoiding these systemic problems might require the use of Design Research to study the conditions that produced them. However, design researchers seem to still disagree on the nature of Design Research, and the specific knowledge that can be produced through it. This paper seeks to introduce a possible model for design research that integrates various design theories to help obtain a more sophisticated view of the systemic situation of possible preferred futures. The goal of these process is to seek to produce a better understanding of how stakeholders envision their future, their intentions, values and needs as a systemic view within any given socio-technical system.
