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In 2020, vehicle sales decreased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, several voices have demanded a vehicle subsidy similar to the "environmental subsidy" in Germany in 2009. The ecological efficiency of vehicle subsidies is controversially discussed. This paper establishes a prognosis of the long-term environmental impacts of var...
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... results in an energy density of 136 Wh/kg, which is used to calculate the battery weight of all BEVs based on the battery capacity. For each segment, a reference BEV is defined based on the number of newly registered vehicles in 2019 [27] (Table 3). In the SUV segment, the Hyundai Kona Electro and the Audi E-Tron both had nearly the same registration numbers in 2019. ...Similar publications
This study analyzes the dynamics of COVID-19 lethality using a global sample of 137 countries for the period that ranges from January 2020 to Decem-ber 2020. Using β-convergence and σ-convergence tests we find that there has been a convergence process in lethality rates and case detection rates across the globe. In a second step, we investigate if...
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the widespread use and need for respirators and face masks for the healthcare workers and public. In this study, several generally available respirators and mask designs were fit tested, and their materials were evaluated for filtration efficiency using 250 nm polystyrene latex particles. Efficiency testing was perfo...
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic brings unprecedented uncertainty and stress. This study aimed to characterize sleep behaviors among Chinese residents during the early stage of the outbreak and to test the extent to which sleep quality was driven by COVID-19 uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, and perceived stress.
Methods
A cross-sectional c...
Citations
... (2) Social factors Agricultural production benefit is an important part of ensuring the improvement of farmers' income and also an important factor affecting the carrying capacity of cultivated land. On the other hand, the agricultural output benefit per unit area of cultivated land has also continued to grow, and the increase in agricultural production efficiency is largely attributed to the adjustment of the industrial structure (Scharf et al. 2020). ...
This paper evaluates the carrying capacity of cultivated land in Guangdong Province, China, using the entropy weight method. Ecological and environmental pressure significantly impacts capacity, while economic and social factors are stable. Production pressure fluctuates and rises. To improve capacity, we must reduce ecological and environmental pressure, protect cultivated land resources, develop and promote green technology, and maintain water conservation facilities. The results indicate that reducing ecological and environmental pressure is essential to improve the carrying capacity of cultivated land in Guangdong Province. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability in developing regions like Guangdong Province. It suggests that a holistic approach that considers ecological, economic, and social factors is necessary to ensure long-term food security and sustainable land use practices.
... This approach is applied extensively on efficiency valuation in health, education, finance, manufacturing, and distribution channels (Gao 2020). More so, data Envelopment analysis for energy plus environmental efficiency valuation of the two government and private domains gained traction amongst energy economists and ecologists in the area of management (Scharf et al. 2020). Correspondingly, concerning this study, the authors apply the data envelopement analysis as the key approach to assess the energy beyond environmental efficiency of the transport domain in 'China's provincial managed territories . ...
Environmental concerns are increasingly assuming prominence across the globe. Undesirable output such as carbon dioxide is the end-product of desirable productivity in energy and environmental measurement. Therefore, the current study uses data envelopment analysis to measure the energy and environmental efficiency of developed and developing countries from 2001 to 2020. In order to incentivize environmentally benign generation, undesirable outputs ought to be coupled in the evaluation of the performance of countries. One of the widely acclaimed approaches for evaluating efficiency is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Within this analysis, the traditional modeling in data envelopment analysis is expanded to incorporate a novel framework for efficiency evaluation amongst undesirable outputs. The novel efficiency estimate is extra robust, plus gives more extraordinary differentiating ability. The findings highlighted that the environmental efficiency was essentially minimal, whiles their spatial attributes increased in the East and decreased in the West, beyond more significant in the South as well as lower in the North. The findings equally show that Iceland obtained a perfect efficiency score of one for energy and environmental efficiency owing greatly to its reliance on geothermal energy which is emission-free energy. The finding is in line with the reality that the twofold data envelopment analysis model compares DMUo with the entire decision-making units in the technology, plus not only with empirical decision-making units.
... are developing quickly in popularity, safety problems and cost (connected to cycle and calendar life) that all are tied to thermal effects in batteries are the primary impediments to the development of large fleets of cars on public roads equipped with Li-ion cells [6]. Besides the li-ion battery pack cost estimated at 18 per cent of the entire electric vehicle pricing [7], the storage system bulk adds, for example, to more than 20 per cent of the whole vehicle's weight in the case of the BMW I3 [8]. And because of the dependent connection between the electric powertrains components, a heavier storage system effect directly the motor and power electronics size and technology choice. ...
This paper investigates the impact of battery
technology on the electric motor’s optimization process for
an electric vehicle application. Matlab and Ansys Electronics
are used to conduct the simulations. The needed autonomy is
estimated for the WLTC driving cycle using a dynamic vehicle
model while considering the storage system mass calculated
with a connected sizing algorithm.
The Motor model is constructed using the finite element software Ansys electronics. The genetic algorithm will determine
its geometrical parameters while considering the new power
and torque demands, including the storage system weight.
The comparison of the optimization results was carried out for
four battery technologies that have promising characteristics for
an automotive application. The results discussed active material
cost and performances evaluated for the entire selected driving
cycle.
... Environmental uncertainty makes the emission change of NEVs more drastic, including technological change [129], policy change [68] and emergencies [130]. Internet plus can realize the interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid, with the help of smart grid technology and internet intelligent control devices, so that this uncertainty is gradually controllable [129]. ...
... Internet plus can realize the interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid, with the help of smart grid technology and internet intelligent control devices, so that this uncertainty is gradually controllable [129]. When the current subsidy policy has little effect due to emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, technology-centered incentive and subsidy policies can achieve environmental and income balance at the fastest speed [130]. However, technological innovation that improves efficiency often fails to give full play to its potential when considering the environmental rebound effect [131]. ...
... The Nissan Leaf is the most representative compact electric car in the study. This is because the production data of the Nissan Leaf on Ecoinvent are relatively comprehensive [33,99,130]. ...
New energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric vehicles (EVs), address the important task of reducing the greenhouse effect. It is particularly important to measure the environmental efficiency of new energy vehicles, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) model provides a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental efficiency. To provide researchers with knowledge regarding the research trends of LCA in NEVs, a total of 282 related studies were counted from the Web of Science database and analyzed regarding their research contents, research preferences, and research trends. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the stages of energy resource extraction and collection, carrier production and energy transportation, maintenance, and replacement are not considered to be research links. The stages of material, equipment, and car transportation and operation equipment settling, and forms of use need to be considered in future research. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs), vehicle type classification, the water footprint, battery recovery and reuse, and battery aging are the focus of further research, and comprehensive evaluation combined with more evaluation methods is the direction needed for the optimization of LCA. According to the results of this study regarding EV and hybrid power vehicles (including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and extended range electric vehicles (EREV)), well-to-wheel (WTW) average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been less than those in the same period of gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (GICEV). However, EV and hybrid electric vehicle production CO2 emissions have been greater than those during the same period of GICEV and the total CO2 emissions of EV have been less than during the same period of GICEV.
... Currently, despite the rapid development of car-sharing, it also faces many problems and challenges, especially in the case of coronavirus pandemic. Due to strict lockdown, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the global car-sharing industry has soared (Ivanov, 2020;Scharf, Heide, Grahle, Syre, & Goehlich, 2020), in order to reduce the risk of infection, many people shift away from car-sharing 2 , according to sources from Fortune, the global pandemic has pummeled Uber's passenger-trip volumes by 80% 3 . However, under the expectation of long-term economic downturn, many consumers are also worried about their own financial situation, some potential buyers embrace car-sharing to reduce the expenditure on car purchase. ...
Service platform has developed rapidly in car-sharing, consumers often buy or own cars but not fully utilize and share them. Since the coronavirus pandemic has affected sales and people’s attitudes towards car-sharing, which brought both opportunities and challenges to the platform and changed the operating mode of manufacturers, some traditional manufacturers have motivated to cooperate with third-party platform. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to examine the pricing decisions and optimal mode selection of manufacturer under the COVID-19 epidemic. Considering the supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a third-party sharing platform. We analyze three scenarios including no sharing, customers-to-customers, and mixed sharing, then employ a game theoretic approach to get equilibrium solutions and analytically derive the optimal mode choice. Our analysis shows that when the operation and maintenance cost is low, manufacturer will join the third-party platform, and the sharing price increase in operation and maintenance cost, while the selling price decrease in operation and maintenance cost. When the value perception factor less than the threshold, the manufacturer will retain sales channel, and the selling demand decrease in value perception factor in the growing market, the sharing demand has the same trend, vice versa. Furthermore, we find that if the operation and maintenance cost is low and value perception factor is high, mixed sharing is the best choice for the manufacturer, while the manufacturer will choose no car-sharing when the value perception factor is relatively low.
... The trend towards heavier passenger cars (especially due to the increase in the share of sport utility vehicles) is also not considered in this paper. We addressed this issue in a study on the environmental impact of different subsidy programs for passenger vehicles in [123]. Here, in contrast, we analyse a direct transition of the current fleet to new drive technologies. ...
This paper presents a new methodology to derive and analyze strategies for a fully decarbonized urban transport system which combines conceptual vehicle design, a large-scale agent-based transport simulation, operational cost analysis, and life cycle assessment for a complete urban region. The holistic approach evaluates technical feasibility, system cost, energy demand, transportation time, and sustainability-related impacts of various decarbonization strategies. In contrast to previous work, the consequences of a transformation to fully decarbonized transport system scenarios are quantified across all traffic segments, considering procurement, operation, and disposal. The methodology can be applied to arbitrary regions and transport systems. Here, the metropolitan region of Berlin is chosen as a demonstration case. The first results are shown for a complete conversion of all traffic segments from conventional propulsion technology to battery electric vehicles. The transition of private individual traffic is analyzed regarding technical feasibility, energy demand and environmental impact. Commercial goods, municipal traffic and public transport are analyzed with respect to system cost and environmental impacts. We can show a feasible transition path for all cases with substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions. Based on current technologies and today’s cost structures our simulation shows a moderate increase in total systems cost of 13–18%.
China has to deal with the twin challenges of economic structural reform and carbon emission reduction against global warming. While investing in and constructing new infrastructure is great for the economy, it has also added to the carbon emissions of major cities. The product design industry has recently become increasingly interested in creating and pricing cultural and creative goods in specific provinces. Thanks to the burgeoning global cultural and creative sector, a new platform has opened up for the evolution and modernization of China’s ancient cultural practices. Cultural creativity has broken the rigid design and production pattern of traditional products from a business point of view, increasing their economic advantages and competition. Also, this study examines ICT’s main and moderate effect on carbon emissions in the 27 provinces of China’s economy from 2003 to 2019 using panel estimators. The estimated outcomes show the positive contribution to environmental damages by physical capital, tourism, cultural product prices, innovative, creative prices, and trade openness, while ICT significantly reduces emissions. Besides the moderate role of the digital economy on physical capital, tourism, CP, ICP, and tourism significantly reduce CO2 emissions. However, the granger causality outcomes also show a robust analysis. Furthermore, this study also proposes some interesting policies to obtain environmental sustainability.
Renewable energy projects have difficulties accessing finance, and digital finance can help fill the green finance gap. This study uses panel data from 60 emerging and non-emerging economies collected between 2010 and 2020 by employing pooled mean group method to show how green digital finance affects climate change mitigation from a resource-constraint viewpoint. The findings demonstrate that advocating for digitally accessible green finance helps to develop green and renewable energy resources and reduce CO2 emissions. The study provides practical policy recommendations.
Under regulated conditions, a driving cycle forecasts the electric vehicle’s range and different driving cycles can substantially impact the vehicle’s performance.
By evaluating a suggested compact electric car, the impacts of several driving cycle types on battery sizing and motor optimisation convergence are investigated in this article.
Matlab and Ansys Electronics are used to conduct the simulations. The energy consumption of four driving cycles is
estimated using a vehicle dynamic model to estimate the required autonomy , on which is based on the storage system
sizing .
The Motor model is constructed using the finite element software Ansys electronics. Its geometrical parameters will be
determined using an optimisation algorithm while considering the new power and torque demands, including the storage system weight.
The genetic algorithm is used for the optimisation process to
minimise the motor’s losses.
With the determination to achieve 100% carbon free energy generation by 2050, renewable energy has been widely accepted as a feasible option for environmentally friendly and inclusive economic growth. Giving priority to this support mechanism is vital to upholding a steady and conducive atmosphere for investment in this sector while meeting the anticipated target in the energy system in an economical way, and policy makers reveal that auctions have reached their pinnacle in due course of time. Merely 29 states had applied renewable energy auctions up to the end of 2017 and their number increased to 41 in 2019. The present study aims to prepare a roadmap for achieving the carbon free green energy production target within the stipulated period while meeting future energy demand through a cost-effective auctioning scheme. The research outlines the feasibility of suggested auctioning schemes, highlighting some country-specific empirical evidence and potential benefits for countries. For this, qualitative research has been conducted to summarize and assess the necessary conditions to develop an auctioning model. The results indicate that for the emerging economics that are provided with renewable energy sources, technology-neutral site-specific volume auctions systematically scheduled, together with socio-economic development instruments under qualification requirement, result in diversified gains.
