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Water retention curves for the uncompacted (ρ) and compacted (ρc) substrates: (a) substrate S1; (b) substrate S2; (c) substrate S3; (d) substrate S4; (e) substrate S5.
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The method presented in this paper aims to estimate the hydrodynamic and thermal properties of green roofs after settling has occurred.
Abstract
Although compaction affects water and heat transport processes in porous media, few studies have dealt with this problem. This is particularly true for substrates, which are artificia...
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Green roofs are a resource for the city: they mitigate pollution, decrease the urban heat island effect (UHI), and regulate storm runoff. Within a climate change scenario, green roofs might instead become an issue, and in particular, in mitigating UHI at mesoscale level. The aim of the contribution is to define the water balance and thus the water...
Citations
... Many evaluated the effectiveness of green roofs using HYDRUS, including Brunetti, Papagrigoriou et al. (2020), Peczkowski et al. (2018), Sandoval et al. (2017, Soulis et al. (2017), and Zhang, Lin et al. (2021). Several studied various factors affecting the hydrological functioning of green roofs, such as different substrates (Zhang, Lin et al., 2021), a storage layer (Li et al., 2019), storm events , compaction (Sandoval & Suárez, 2019), different substrate depths and vegetation covers (Soulis et al., 2017), having no vegetation (Brunetti, Porti, et al., 2018), and layering (Brunetti et al., 2016b;Wang et al., 2021). HYDRUS can be used to simulate not only water flow in green roofs, but also solute transport. ...
The HYDRUS codes have become standard tools for addressing many soil, agricultural, environmental, and hydrological problems requiring the evaluation of various subsurface physical, chemical, and biological processes. There are now many thousands of HYDRUS users worldwide, with thousands of applications of the HYDRUS models appearing in the peer‐reviewed literature. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the capabilities of the most recent Version 5 of HYDRUS, focusing primarily on features implemented since 2016. We briefly describe the standard HYDRUS model and its standard and nonstandard specialized add‐on modules that significantly expand the capabilities of the software packages. The standard add‐on modules include HPx, UNSATCHEM, Wetland, Furrow, PFAS, COSMIC, DPU, SLOPE Cube, and Particle Tracking. Recent developments of the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW are also described, along with additional capabilities incorporated into the graphical user interface supporting HYDRUS. Also discussed are new or improved options to simulate the fate and transport of environmental isotopes, multi‐cropping systems, compensated root water uptake, and hydraulic redistribution within the rootzone, which will be implemented in upcoming add‐on modules. Another objective is to review selected applications of the HYDRUS models, such as evaluations of various irrigation, low‐impact development (LID), and managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes.
... Therefore, CWs are an interesting option to explore when considering developing countries [26]. -Green roofs: Green roofs have been adopted as a technological solution for sustainable development since they integrate vegetation into buildings to reduce to the minimum some of the negative effects of urbanization [27]. The vegetation used in green roofs is wide-ranging and includes grass, sedum, succulents, and bushes. ...
... Moreover, green roofs are applicable to extensive (6-15 cm of the substrate) and intensive (20-70 cm of the substrate) covers [28]. Among the benefits found in green roofs, it can be mentioned their capacity to collect rainwater (66% retention), pluvial flood risk reduction, roof temperatures reduction (around 42% of rooftops temperatures), air decontamination, reduction in energy consumption of buildings, and reduction regarding noise levels [27,29,30]. -Green walls: Green walls have been established as a way to improve the quality of life of urban environments [31]. ...
Nature-based solutions (NbS) emerge with the aim of facing the several different challenges imposed by climate change and the extreme conditions that humanity is facing. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate NbS related research and teaching in order to prompt environmental education in Latin America. As a means to obtain information about the types of courses and undergraduate research and/or postgraduate training that has being done, investigation groups from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru were reached with the help of the Pan-American Constructed Wetlands Network (HUPANAM). This information was complemented with a Web of Science (WoS) review of Nbs publications in Latin America in 2010–2020. Within the study period 2010–2020, a total of 706 studies related to NbS were found in Latin America, being the groups in Brazil (319), Mexico (151), and Chile (83) the ones that led in the number of published research. Additionally, during the study period, an increase of 65% from 2010 to 2020 of publications in WoS could be observed due to the studies conducted by different researchers from Latin America. The most studied topics regarding NbS are constructed wetlands (CW) (38%), biofilters (23%), and stabilization ponds (16%). In terms of the promotion of environmental education related to NbS, a series of books, book chapters and courses can be found. For instance, the book “Constructed Wetlands: Design and Operation”, the book chapter “Strategies of the constructed wetlands operation under the perspective of the global change scenario” and undergraduate courses and summer schools related to CW can be highlighted.
... This probably occurred because of the pressure variation applied by the plunger in the bed samples, which may have rearranged the particles of the materials, reducing the porosity and density over the entire depth tested. This behavior is consistent with the findings of other investigations [48] and occurs because as the material is dynamically compacted, there is more physical contact between the solid particles, which increase thermal conduction [49]. Additionally, the magnitude of the thermal conductivity is similar to that presented in the literature [48][49][50]. ...
... This behavior is consistent with the findings of other investigations [48] and occurs because as the material is dynamically compacted, there is more physical contact between the solid particles, which increase thermal conduction [49]. Additionally, the magnitude of the thermal conductivity is similar to that presented in the literature [48][49][50]. ...
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The findings are highly relevant for the design and management of bedded pack barns.
Abstract
Among animal facilities, compost-bedded pack (CBP) barns have attracted a lot of attention from milk producers and the scientific community. Systematic investigation of the main thermal properties utilizing sawdust in CBP barns is of environmental and economic relevance. In this paper, the aim was to (a) develop predictive equations for the thermal conductivity (k) of compost bedding as a function of moisture content (MC), the degree of compaction (DCo), and particle size (PS); and (b) investigate the links between k and depth within bedding material. Samples of compost bedding materials were collected from 42 commercial CBP barns distributed throughout Kentucky (USA). From these predictive equations, it was possible to understand how the MC, DCo, and PS of the bedding materials may influence the behavior of k. These results are very useful for solving obstacles to simulate and predict the variable outcomes of the compost bedding materials process in CBP barns, allowing for its optimization, consequently reducing the time and energy spent on their optimization and allowing for simulation and assessment of compost bedding process modifications. The results of the current study may have important implications in the design and management of bedded pack barns.
