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Vitamin D modulates the expression of IL-33, ST2, TNF, IL-1B, IFNG and IL-17A in skin cell lines. Keratinocytes (HPEKp), melanocytes (HEMas), fibroblasts (HDF) and basal cell carcinoma cells (A431) were stimulated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nM) for 4, 8 and 24 h. The relative IL-33 (A), ST2 (B), TNF (C), IL-1B (D), IFNG, (E) and IL-17A (F) mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Source publication
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 family and is produced constitutively by epithelial and endothelial cells of various organs, such as the skin. It takes part in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, repair, and immune response, including activation of Th2 lymphocytes. Its involvement in pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases inclu...
Citations
... Vitamin D is required for the early production of IL-22 by ILC3s [97]. Studies have shown that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , the active form of vitamin D, effectively stimulates the expression of IL-33 in a time-dependent manner [98]. Vitamin B metabolites can be recognized by MAITs in the oral cavity to produce IL-17 [99]. ...
Background
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved unprecedented success in the field of cancer therapy. However, its potential is constrained by a low therapeutic response rate.
Main body
Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) plays a crucial role in antitumor immunity and is associated with a good prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming, as a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, can influence tumor immunity and promote the formation of follicular helper T cells and germinal centers. However, many current studies focus on the correlation between metabolism and TLS formation factors, and there is insufficient direct evidence to suggest that metabolism drives TLS formation. This review provided a comprehensive summary of the relationship between metabolism and TLS formation, highlighting glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism.
Conclusions
In the future, an in-depth exploration of how metabolism affects cell interactions and the role of microorganisms in TLS will significantly advance our understanding of metabolism-enhanced antitumor immunity.
... Psoriatic lesions are characterized by rapid keratinocyte proliferation and maturation that prevents cells from fully differentiating. Researchers have observed that vitamin D analogs can bring keratinocyte hyperproliferation back to normal [8][9][10] . The function of vitamin D analogs as immune system regulators has come into focus in recent years. ...
The purpose of the current work was to develop and characterize ethosomes of vitamin D3 gel that could more effectively work against psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Due to vitamin D3 role in proliferation and maturation of keratinocytes, it has become an important local therapeutic option in the treatment of psoriasis. In this research we have initiated worked on ethosomes gels containing vitamin D3 to treat psoriasis. Soya lecithin 1–8% (w/v), propylene glycol and ethanol were used to create the formulations, which were then tested for vesicle size, shape, surface morphology, entrapment effectiveness, and in vitro drug permeation. The drug encapsulation efficiency of ethosomes was 96.25% ± 0.3. The particle sizes of the optimized ethosomes was 148 and 657 nm, and the PDI value was 0.770 ± 0.12 along with negative charge − 14 ± 3. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) along with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies confirmed the absence of interactions between vitamin D3 and other ingredients. It was determined that the total amount of medication that penetrated the membrane was 95.34% ± 3. Percentage lysis was very negligible for all strengths which were found less than 15%. Based on our research, ethosomes appear to be safe for use. The vitamin D3 ethosomal gel order, description, pH, and viscosity were all within the specified ranges, according to the findings of a 6-month investigation into the stability profile of the completed system. In this research, we successfully prepared ethosomes loaded with vitamin D3 and then converted it into gel for patients’ easy applications.
... Vitamin D and its analogs, such as 1,25 (OH)2D3 and calcipotriol, exert their effects in psoriasis through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), which forms complexes with RXR to regulate gene activity via VDREs, impacting genes like osteocalcin, osteopontin, and p21 involved in calcium management and cell growth [72][73][74] . VDR agonists promote maturation and barrier formation in keratinocytes, slowing down skin cell growth and reducing immune cell infiltration, including neutrophils, while decreasing proinflammatory cytokines like IL-8 and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 [75,76] . Additionally, VDR agonists can suppress activated Tlymphocytes and modulate immune proteins like IL-2 and GM-CSF, contributing to immune system regulation in psoriasis treatment [77] . ...
Psoriasis The skin gets thick and irritated when. The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, proliferates excessively and is populated by dangerous T-cells. Certain medications, such as cyclosporine, retinoids, and methotrexate, may not always be safe, Raloxifene is drug that belong to a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that using in prevent and treat bone loss in postmenopausal women, Raloxifene is a therapeutic agent used to treat osteoporosis and psoriasis by targeting immune responses and cellular pathways involved in the disease process. to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of raloxifene in the management of psoriasis, with a focus on how it affects the generation of cytokines and the regulation of immune cells. The role of raloxifene in the management of psoriasis is still under debate, raloxifene may be effective in treating autoimmune diseases such as Psoriasis due to its function is the regulation of cytokine production and immune cells. Therefore, the ability of SERMs to act on both estrogen receptors and immune systems is instigating news in the field of drug development that the specific mechanisms underlying the association between Raloxifene and VDR ligand activity in psoriasis remain unclear and require further investigation. Future research exploring the cross-link between estrogen receptors, VDRs, and their respective ligands in psoriatic skin cells could provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of Raloxifene and other SERMs in the management of psoriasis.
... for mitochondria of some cells, including skin cells, as it seems to be involved in the modulation of oxidative stress levels and, therefore, in the mechanism of inflammation induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [4]. Furthermore, an interesting report indicated 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D as an inductor of IL-33 ′ expression and its receptor ST2, a cytokine suggested to act in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ways in psoriasis [5]. ...
Connections between vitamin D and psoriasis have been a matter of interest for the past decades, with its active metabolite, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, being valued for antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects. However, none of vitamin D’s actions could be possible without the CYP27B1 enzyme that bio-activates this metabolite of interest. In order to see if there is any link between the enzyme expression and the disease’s particularities, we conducted a preliminary study that involved 11 skin biopsies of patients with mild (n = 4) or moderate to severe psoriasis (n = 7). The cell proliferation antigen Ki67 and the CD45RO+ marker were also assessed. Compared with healthy skin, in psoriasis, it is reported that the enzyme’s expression seems to be more ubiquitous, but a clear correlation between the disease’s severity and the CYP27B1 expression was, to our knowledge, lacking. We found that, in patients with very mild psoriasis, the enzyme expression was observed in the epidermal stratum basale in a similar manner as in healthy skin specimens. Contrary, for higher severity scores, a divergent result was observed, with the enzyme being either variably spread in the epidermal stratum spinosum or completely absent. Unlike malignant diseases, a significant connection between CYP27B1 and Ki67 (p = 0.313) or CYP27B1 and CD45RO+ (p = 0.657) does not seem to be relevant in psoriasis.
... Moreover, upon ST2 signaling, MCs can produce type 2 cytokines and may promote a Th17 response during airway inflammation [110,111]. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can cause higher IL-33 levels, but taking vitamin D supplements can regulate IL-33 expression [112][113][114][115]. ...
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant at sites exposed to the external environment and pathogens. Local activation of these cells, either directly via pathogen recognition or indirectly via interaction with other activated immune cells and results in the release of pre-stored mediators in MC granules. The release of these pre-stored mediators helps to enhance pathogen clearance. While MCs are well known for their protective role against parasites, there is also significant evidence in the literature demonstrating their ability to respond to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and hormone that plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D also has immunomodulatory properties on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, making it a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Vitamin D binds to its receptor, called the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in almost all immune system cells. The literature suggests that a vitamin D deficiency can activate MCs, and vitamin D is necessary for MC stabilization. This manuscript explores the potential of vitamin D to regulate MC activity and combat pathogens, with a focus on its ability to fight viruses.
... Two articles focused on the role of vitamin D in psoriasis [3,4]. Brożyna et al. [3] presented the role of vitamin D and its active metabolites in the pathogenesis, the modulation of the local neuroendocrine system and treatment of psoriasis. ...
... Brożyna et al. [3] presented the role of vitamin D and its active metabolites in the pathogenesis, the modulation of the local neuroendocrine system and treatment of psoriasis. Wierzbicka et al. [4] studied the effect of vitamin D on the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and basal cell carcinoma cells in vitro. It was shown by the authors that 1,25(OH)2D3 effectively stimulates the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2's mR-NAs in a time-dependent manner, in keratinocytes and to the lesser extends in melanocytes, but not in fibroblasts. ...
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with many comorbidities resulting from not only local but also systemic inflammation [...]
... The inhibition of IL-17A induced-HBD2 expression was mediated by increasing IkappaB-α protein and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling, while VDR and MEK/ERK signaling path-ways were activated and involved in the induction of cathelicidin [168]. Interestingly, vit-amin D also stimulates the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 [169] and IL-33 was show to alleviate Th17-mediated psoriatic inflammation [170]. Thus, the anti-inflamma-tory activity of vitamin D is an important factor that is useful in the pathogenesis and management of psoriasis. ...
... The inhibition of IL-17A induced-HBD2 expression was mediated by increasing IkappaB-α protein and the inhibition of NF-κB signaling, while VDR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways were activated and involved in the induction of cathelicidin [168]. Interestingly, vitamin D also stimulates the expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 [169] and IL-33 was show to alleviate Th17-mediated psoriatic inflammation [170]. Thus, the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D is an important factor that is useful in the pathogenesis and management of psoriasis. ...
Psoriasis is a systemic, chronic, immune-mediated disease that affects approximately 2–3% of the world’s population. The etiology and pathophysiology of psoriasis are still unknown, but the activation of the adaptive immune system with the main role of T-cells is key in psoriasis pathogenesis. The modulation of the local neuroendocrine system with the downregulation of pro-inflammatory and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory messengers represent a promising adjuvant treatment in psoriasis therapies. Vitamin D receptors and vitamin D-mediated signaling pathways function in the skin and are essential in maintaining the skin homeostasis. The active forms of vitamin D act as powerful immunomodulators of clinical response in psoriatic patients and represent the effective and safe adjuvant treatments for psoriasis, even when high doses of vitamin D are administered. The phototherapy of psoriasis, especially UVB-based, changes the serum level of 25(OH)D, but the correlation of 25(OH)D changes and psoriasis improvement need more clinical trials, since contradictory data have been published. Vitamin D derivatives can improve the efficacy of psoriasis phototherapy without inducing adverse side effects. The anti-psoriatic treatment could include non-calcemic CYP11A1-derived vitamin D hydroxyderivatives that would act on the VDR or as inverse agonists on RORs or activate alternative nuclear receptors including AhR and LXRs. In conclusion, vitamin D signaling can play an important role in the natural history of psoriasis. Selective targeting of proper nuclear receptors could represent potential treatment options in psoriasis.
D Vitamini Kimyasal Yapısı ve Metabolizması Hülya Cenk D Vitamini Ve Genetik Aydın Rüstemoğlu D Vitamininin Normal Serum Düzeyleri, D Vitamin Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörler Ve D Vitamini Yetmezliği Sabiye Akbulut Serum D Vitamininin Ölçümü Andaç Uzdoğan, Çiğdem Yücel D Vitamini Biyoyararlanımı ve Doğal Beslenme Kaynakları Atilla Çifci, Halil İbrahim Yakut Sistemik D Vitamini Tedavi Ajanları, Biyoyararlanımı ve Tedavi Yönetimi Işıl Deniz Oğuz Topikal D Vitamini Tedavisi, Tedavi Yönetimi ve Kullanıldığı Hastalıklar Dursun Türkmen Deride D Vitamini Sentezi Mekanizmaları Abdullah Demirbaş, Ömer Faruk Elmas Güneşten Koruyucu Kullanımı ve D Vitamini Nursel Dilek, Yunus Saral D Vitamininin Deri Yapısı ve Fizyolojisine Etkisi Pelin Hızlı Deri Yaşlanması ve D Vitamini Ülker Gül Psoriasis ve D Vitamini Ülker Gül Psöriatik Artrit ve D Vitamini Mehmet Uçar Atopik Dermatit ve D Vitamini Ayşegül Ertuğrul, İlknur Bostancı Mast Hücresi ve Kutanöz Mastositozda D Vitamini Selçuk Doğan, Tülin Çataklı, İlknur Bostancı Ürtiker ve D Vitamini Kemal Özyurt Kaşıntı ve D Vitamini Kübra Yüce Atamulu Likenoid Dermatozlar ve D Vitamini Nihal Altunışık Vitiligo ve D Vitamini Ayşe Akbaş Melasma ve D Vitamini İbrahim Etem Arıca Rozase ve D Vitamini Nalan Saraç Akne ve D Vitamini Selma Korkmaz Hidradenitis Süpürativa ve D Vitamini Yılmaz Ulaş Seboreik Dermatit ve D Vitamini Dilek Başaran Otoimmün Büllöz Hastalıklar ve D Vitamini Sezgi Sarıkaya Solak Bağ Doku Hastalıkları ve D Vitamini Kevser Gök Behçet Hastalığı ve D Vitamini Şule Ketenci Ertaş, Ragıp Ertaş İdiyopatik Fotodermatozlar ve D Vitamini Bülent Nuri Kalaycı İktiyozis ve D Vitamini Tubanur Çetinarslan Epidermolizis Bülloza ve Vitamin D Eda Haşal Kseroderma Pigmentozum, Epidermodisplasia Verrusiformis ve D Vitamini Derya Yayla Nevüsler ve D Vitamini Serpil Şener, Suat Sezer Aktinik Keratoz ve Seboreik Keratozda D Vitamini Mahmut Sami Metin Deri Maliniteleri ve D Vitamini Sevda Önder Vaskülitler ve Vitamin D Havva Hilal Ayvaz Venöz Trombozis ve D Vitamini Cahit Yavuz Yara İyileşmesi ve D Vitamini Bülent Nuri Kalaycı Diyabetik Ayak Ülseri ve D Vitamini Gözde Ulutaş Demirbaş, Abdullah Demirbaş Granülomatöz Hastalıklar ve D Vitamini Selma Bakar Dertlioğlu Deri Enfeksiyonları ve Vitamin D Atıl Avcı Oral Mukoza Hastalıkları ve D Vitamini Ali İhsan Güleç Tırnak Sağlığı ve Hastalıklarında D Vitamini Hülya Cenk Alopesiler ve D Vitamini Munise Daye Hirsutizm ve D Vitamini Efşan Gürbüz Yontar Sistemik Kortikosteroid Kullanımında D Vitamini Desteği Selma Korkmaz Fototerapi ve D Vitamini Tuğba Özkök Akbulut Covıd-19 Ve Vitamin D Sibel Altunışık Toplu D Vitamini Tedavisinin Yan Etkileri ve D Vitamini Tedavisi Sürecinde Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar Dursun Türkmen, Nihal Altunışık D Vitamini Ve İlaç İlaç Etkileşimleri Şule Gökşin D Vitamini İntoksikasyonu Bedriye Müge SÖNMEZ
