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This research paper aims to empirically examine the causal relationship among economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Lebanon. The analysis utilizes annual time series data spanning from 1970 to 2022 and employs a trivariate causality model to explore the interdependencies and causal linkages between these variables. Through a sys...
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... results highlight the importance of endogenous variables (CO 2 and EC) in the adjustment process when the system deviates from its equilibrium state. Table 3 presents the estimated long-term adjustment factors. The coefficient for CO 2 emission per capita indicates an annual adjustment speed of 0.734 percent, suggesting a gradual reduction in emissions over time. ...