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Urbanisation process and transport infrastructures in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) [39].
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Abstract: This study provides empirical evidence on the links between urban development factors and the use of specific modes of transport in commuting in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. The case study is of interest because quantitative research on developing countries is scarce and their rapid urban growth and high rates of inequality may gen...
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... Under some circumstances, mobility through population migration involves the spatial rearrangement of labor forces (Ge, 2021). However, it is also one of the major challenges of urbanization to achieve sustainability (Mendiola, 2021). Mobility plays a key role in fulfilling human activities and habits (Cartenì, 2020). ...
Urbanization relies on population growth and mobility in urban areas. Population density is measured by the number of people in a certain area, while mobility refers to the movement from one location to another. This paper, reports a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement on the subject area related to population density and mobility. This review covers various published literature, spanning from 2012 to 2023. The purpose is to examine in detail the hot topic and the research gap on population density and mobility. This review found that urban is a common topic discussed with population density and mobility as urban is a big portfolio that involves urban planning, transportation, and real estate. Population density and mobility will be actively discussed when there is an epidemic.
... Nevertheless, urban growth and development have pressured public urban spaces and, subsequently, their design. The planning and design of a city are influenced by several factors, with mobility being one of the most influential ( Mendiola and González, 2021 ). Movements within street networks and the act of walking aid planners implement road Abbreviations: ML, Machine Learning; BDAs, Big Data Approaches; TFL, Transport for London; AI, Artificial Intelligence; UWB, Ultra-wideband transceivers; CCTV, Closed-circuit television; MAC, Media Access Control; VGA, Visibility Graph Analysis; GIS, Geospatial Information Systems; HPC, High-Performance Computer; GDPR, General Data Protection Regulation; NaN, Not a Number; EM, Elbow Method; SA, Silhouette Analysis; WCSS, Within-Cluster Sum-of-Squares; CH, Calinski-Harabasz coefficient. ...
Urban geometry plays a critical role in determining paths for pedestrian flow in urban areas. To improve the urban planning processes and to enhance quality of life for end-users in urban spaces, a better understanding of the factors influencing pedestrian movement is required by decision-makers within the urban design and planning industry. The aim of this study is to present a novel means to assess pedestrian routing in urban environments. As a unique contribution to knowledge and practice, this study: (a) enhances the body of knowledge by developing a conceptual model to assess and classify pedestrian movement behaviours, utilising machine learning algorithms and location data in conjunction with spatial attributes, and (b) extends previous research by revealing spatial visibility as a driver for pedestrian movement in urban environments. The importance of the findings lies in the perspective of revealing novel insights concerning individual preferences and behaviours of end-users and the utilisation of urban spaces. The approaches developed can be utilised for observations in large-scale contexts, as an addition to traditional methods. Application of the model in a high pedestrian traffic-dense retail urban area in London reveals clear and consistent relationships amongst spatial visibility, individuals' motivation, and knowledge of the area. Key behaviours established in the study area are grouped into two activity categories: (i) Utilitarian walking (with motivation-expert and novice striders) and (ii) Leisure walking (no motivation-expert and novice strollers). The approach offers an insightful and automated means to understand pedestrian flow in urban contexts and informs wider wayfinding, walkability, and transportation knowledge.
... The country's capital is the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) located in the province of Buenos Aires. CABA together with 40 municipalities makes up the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA), which is the second-largest metropolitan area in South America after São Paulo (Mendiola and González, 2021). According to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC, 2021), as of 2021, the total estimated population of Argentina is about 45,808,747 inhabitants, where around 92% of their population live in cities or urban areas (INDEC, 2021;UNHABITAT, 2021). ...
In the present contribution, two nationwide surveys of personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution were conducted in Peru and Argentina aiming to provide valuable information regarding the abundance and distribution of PPE in coastal sites. Additionally, PPE items were recovered from the environment and analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and compared to brand-new PPE in order to investigate the chemical and structural degradation of PPE in the environment. PPE density (PPE m⁻²) found in both countries were comparable to previous studies. FTIR analysis revealed multiple polymer types comprising common PPE, mainly polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester. SEM micrographs showed clear weathering signs, such as cracks, cavities, and rough surfaces in face masks and gloves. EDX elemental mapping revealed the presence of elemental additives, such as Ca in gloves and face masks and AgNPs as an antimicrobial agent. Other metals found on the surface of PPE were Mo, P, Ti, and Zn. XRD patterns displayed a notorious decrease in the crystallinity of polypropylene face masks, which could alter its interaction with external contaminants and stability. The next steps in this line of research were discussed.
The mode choice of commuters is an important element in the formulation and design of transportation policy. It gives policymakers a better understanding of the dynamics of intra urban trips. However, most of the studies on the modal split of intra urban trips found in the literature focused on Europe, America, and Southeast Asia with little emphasis on Africa. The lacuna this trend creates motivates this study to present evidence from Nigeria using the centenary city of Enugu as a case study. This study is critical for knowledge production that drives explicit outline strategies for the development of a sustainable urban transportation system in Nigeria. Data on modal split and determinant factors were collected from primary source through the use of a questionnaire. Discriminant analysis was used to classify the modal split of intra urban trips in Enugu into two groups’ namely public and private transport. Although public transport modes are the most used for intra urban trips, the mode share indicates that private transport mode (car) is the most used single mode for intra urban trips. More than three-quarters of commuters that use private transport for intra urban trips prefer the mode, whereas a little less than one-fifth of commuters will switch to public transport modes. On the other hand, most of the commuters that use public transport for intra urban trips prefer the modes and very few others will switch to private transport. Car ownership has the strongest influence on the modal split. The study identifies the need for policy interventions that reflects better understating of the dynamics of intra urban trips.
Mobility emerges as one of the axes on which cities base their response to the challenges of sustainability. It is a complex phenomenon where elements located at different levels interact, meaning that it is increasingly being studied from a multi-level perspective. There are numerous smart mobility initiatives around the world, although there are doubts about their generalisation. The purpose of this article is to stablish the configurations of elements that determine the degree to which a city is making changes to implement sustainable mobility solution, and to study if those are generalisable across continents. Based on the data of 60 cities from different continets provided by the Urban Mobility Readiness Index, the configurations of elements that explain both the transition towards the implementation of sustainable mobility solutions and the denial of this phenomenon are established, three in each case. QCA was applied to a model that use the multilevel perspective.The main contribution is that infrastructures maintain the pivotal role, although the joint presence of other elements is also required, including certain characteristics of the city, such as its innovative character, as well as a high population density. Individual experiences can be extrapolated between cities on different continents.
