Fig 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Zero 1.0
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Soils lie at the interface between the atmosphere and the subsurface and are a key component that control ecosystem services, food production, and many other processes at the Earth's surface. There is a long-established convention for identifying and mapping soils by texture. These readily available, georeferenced soil maps and databases are used w...
Similar publications
Collections of historical images are currently being scanned to stop their degradation and to enable a numeric exploitation. These collections have a high cultural, artistic and scientific value. However, they are not fully exploited because the photographs do not have a georeference (geographic information cannot be extracted from the picture) and...
Collections of historical images are currently being scanned to stop their degradation and to enable a numeric exploitation. These collections have a high cultural, artistic and scientific value. However, they are not fully exploited because the photographs do not have a georeference (geographic information cannot be extracted from the picture) and...
Unzen Volcano (Shimabara-peninsula, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan) erupted during the period 1990-1995, generating series of pyroclastic flows [Nakada et al., 1999] and lahars [Miyabuchi, 1999] mostly oriented in the direction of the Mizunashigawa-valley. As only a portion of the domes collapsed into pyroclastic flows, numerous lobes remain, hanging a...
The technology has advanced over time and brings with it a number of tools that can contribute to that companies can exercise their advantage in today's competitive market scenario. An example of these tools are the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which are georeferenced data handling systems able to perform data analysis from various sources...
Organisé en deux parties, ce cours synthétique et intuitif présente les bases théoriques et pratiques des systèmes d’information géographique. Il ne requiert pas de connaissances préalables en informatique et donne la possibilité d’acquérir rapidement les notions de base qui vous permettent de créer des bases de données spatiales et de fabriquer de...
Citations
... Our soil model is based on the static soil properties of growth resistance , permeability , and water capacity , as well as dynamic soil properties of water and nutrients . It has been observed that different soil types have different hydraulic properties [Groenendyk et al. 2015]. For example, water in sandy soil infiltrates quickly, whereas in clay the flow is very slow. ...
Computer graphics has dedicated a considerable amount of effort to generating realistic models of trees and plants. Many existing methods leverage procedural modeling algorithms - that often consider biological findings - to generate branching structures of individual trees. While the realism of tree models generated by these algorithms steadily increases, most approaches neglect to model the root system of trees. However, the root system not only adds to the visual realism of tree models but also plays an important role in the development of trees. In this paper, we advance tree modeling in the following ways: First, we define a physically-plausible soil model to simulate resource gradients, such as water and nutrients. Second, we propose a novel developmental procedural model for tree roots that enables us to emergently develop root systems that adapt to various soil types. Third, we define long-distance signaling to coordinate the development of shoots and roots. We show that our advanced procedural model of tree development enables - for the first time - the generation of trees with their root systems.
... Based on the soil textural triangle [8,16], the Yala soil was classified as clay loam while the Tindinyo soil was classified as sandy clay loam. ...
... This means that higher OC does not necessarily translate to higher availability of organic matter, and emphasizes the importance of DOC determination in routine soil analysis. Soil organic matter usually puts together heavy metals such as copper through reactions with ions, and eventually forms complexes [13,16,27]. Complexation by organic matter has been reported as the preferential and most effective mechanism of Cu retention in soils (Bradl [9]), and copper in soil solution forms complexes with soluble organic matter. ...
... Previous studies have demonstrated a diverse array of applications for this ternary diagram, including the representation of hydraulic information (Groenendyk et al., 2015) and subsurface soil properties (Hu et al., 2004), the collection of agricultural data for dynamic soil texture prediction (Aarthi and Sivakumar, 2020), and the assessment of sensor Fig. 1. USDA soil texture triangle (NRCS, 1993). ...
Soil forms the foundation for biotic and abiotic activities that shape landscapes over time. Effective communication and understanding of soil profiles, contents, and interactions with other systems such as vegetation and climate are crucial for multidisciplinary research and projects involving soil. A robust, comprehensible, and extendable visualization system is required to enhance communication across diverse disciplines, including landscape architecture, agronomy, and ecology.
This paper introduces the BeingAliveLanguage, an innovative, extensible visualization system for soil-centric information within a multidisciplinary communication framework. The system employs a fractal-based visual language to effectively convey vital soil information to professionals in various fields engaged in architecture, landscape design, and urban planning projects. The corresponding software, developed as a plugin for the Rhino-Grasshopper CAD environment, allows users to automatically generate easily understandable soil-centered diagrams using a node-based programming language. Designed to enhance communication in landscape, geoscience, and agriculture-related fields, the system provides critical information to support the design and decision-making process. We showcase the system’s efficacy through two extensions and by utilizing the tool in multiple real-world projects.
... This characteristic enhances the water holding capacity at the microscopic level, ensuring water availability for plant roots over extended periods, particularly during drought or water stress. This property contributes to increased water supply to the root zone, enabling plants to withstand prolonged water stress and enhance their resilience [24,51]. ...
Climate variability is a major threat to maize (Zea mays) crops in Colombia, posing a risk to food security and compliance with Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the physical vulnerability of maize crops to climate variability in the semi-arid region of the Department of Cesar, Colombia, using the AquaCrop-OS model. Specifically, the study evaluated the vulnerability of maize crops to three typical meteorological years (dry, intermediate, and wet) adjusted to the growth cycle in two semesters of the year (periods I and II). An analysis of 43 years of data (1980–2022) revealed that most years in the area can be classified as intermediate, whereas the number of wet years was higher than the number of dry years. However, under the intermediate typical meteorological year scenario, maize cultivation in the department of Cesar experienced severe drought conditions during periods I and II. The study’s vulnerability curve showed an increasing rate within the yield loss index when the average water stress index was between 0.5 and 0.8 for period I. The rate of increase slowed when the index exceeded 0.9. For period II, the maize crop presented a lower degree of vulnerability, with 64% of the area experiencing a yield loss rate between 5% and 30%. The study also determined the required irrigation depth of water for optimal yields, which ranged from 70 to 160 mm during the growing season for all maize crop scenarios in the Department of Cesar. The results of this study can contribute to the consolidation of a database of physical vulnerability and threats of precipitation anomalies on regional and national scales. Overall, this study’s evaluation of the physical vulnerability of maize crops can help producers develop better strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate variability and ensure regional food security.
... The texture-by-feel method can be used to estimate the textural class of a soil sample, which is then used to determine its water-holding capacity and permeability using a texture triangle (Ben-Hur,et al ., 2009). However, traditional soil classifications based on texture can be inappropriate and lead to bias in various applications, including hydrology (Groenendyk, et al., 2015). A new approach to soil classification based on hydrologic responses of soils has been proposed to address these issues and provide a simpler and more informative method for understanding the effect of soil texture on water flow (Groenendyk, et al., 2015).Soil texture plays a crucial role in regulating water flow through the soil, which affects various environmental processes. ...
... However, traditional soil classifications based on texture can be inappropriate and lead to bias in various applications, including hydrology (Groenendyk, et al., 2015). A new approach to soil classification based on hydrologic responses of soils has been proposed to address these issues and provide a simpler and more informative method for understanding the effect of soil texture on water flow (Groenendyk, et al., 2015).Soil texture plays a crucial role in regulating water flow through the soil, which affects various environmental processes. Understanding the effect of soil texture on water flow is important, and the soil texture triangle can provide a simpler and more informative way to do so. ...
... Overall, the use of the soil texture triangle and the hydrologic approach to soil classification can provide a more effective way to evaluate the effect of soil texture on water flow. (Upadhyay, et al., 2020), (Groenendyk, et al., 2015). Soil texture plays a crucial role in regulating water flow through the soil, which affects various environmental processes (Behera, S. K., & Shukla, M. K. 2015). ...
Water flow through soil is a critical process that affects many aspects of soil health and environmental sustainability. Soil texture, which is the relative proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles in soil, plays a significant role in regulating water flow through soils. The soil texture triangle is a widely used tool for classifying soil texture based on the proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles. This review paper aims to evaluate the effect of soil texture on water flow through soils using the soil texture triangle. The paper presents an overview of the soil texture triangle and its applications in soil texture classification, followed by a discussion of the relationship between soil texture and water flow. The paper reviews existing literature on the impact of soil texture on water flow and summarizes the key findings. The review highlights the importance of soil texture in regulating water flow through soils and discusses the implications for soil management and environmental sustainability. The paper concludes by identifying areas for future research to improve our understanding of the relationship between soil texture and water flow.
... The depth distribution of selected soil physical properties Soil texture distribution: As it is clearly indicated in Fig. 2, the clay grain fraction (range: 45-48%, Table 2) dominated the depth distribution in Hula study site except on the most upper and lower soil layers in homegarden where silt and sand tended to dominate, respectively. In agreement, according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil texture triangle presented by Groenendyk et al. [31], the soil textural classification of the study sites in Hula district has been identified as clay while the soil in BZ found to be clay-loam except a slight high sand fraction below 5 cm in soil under crop land use (Fig. 2). As indicated in Table 3, neither the LUTs nor the interaction effect significantly affected the depth distribution of both sand and clay contents but AgC factor (p < 0.001), implying the different impacts of weathering processes including bio-cycling processes such as decomposition on the parent materials. ...
The depth distribution of soil properties are governed by several interacting factors including land use types (LUT) and agro-climate (AgC) factors. Yet, there is little information on the effects of LUT, AgC and their combination on soil properties along depth, which this study aimed to investigate. We collected a total of 36 composite soil samples using the manual percussion of a steel core tube layer by layer vertically up to 30 cm in sites representing both highland and lowlands, and analyzed for selected soil properties. A significant main effects of LUT on the depth distribution of bulk density (BD), Ca, Na, K and Cu, and AgC on soil texture, pH, EC, Ca, Na, K, P,
Mn, Fe and Cu were noted. The two-way ANOVA analysis also revealed the significant effects of both LUT and AgC on the depth distribution of BD, Na, K, Cu and EC, reflecting their influences on the paths associated to bio-geo-recycling processes. Compared to crop and forestlands, the average SOC and Fe were lower while EC, CEC, Ca, Na, K, P, Mn and Zn were higher in homegarden located in highland than lowland, possibly the acid nature of the highland soil may make the extractable cations available. SOC was not significantly influenced by AgC, LUT and their
interaction effect. Based on the Elemental Enrichment Ratio (EER), the SOC was concentrated in the upper surface soil in forest and cropland located both in highland (1.79, 1.33) and lowland (1.80, 1.57), respectively. The reverse propagation pattern SOC depth distribution in soils under homegardens with EER of 0.7 (highland) ad 0.8 (lowland) showed that implementing such a system can accelerate carbon sinking and safely store it in the subsoil. Also, diversified species composition
associated with respective root architectures in the homegarden system, make it an efficient soil nutrient management, which should be widely promoted.
Keywords:
Agroforestry, EER, Homegarden, Macro-element, Micro-element, SOC
... The collected soil was air-dried and sieved, and then 10 kg of sieved soil was used to fill each pot. The USDA soil textural triangle was used to determine the soil textural class (Groenendyk et al. 2015), and the soil used in this study was sandy clay loam. The pots with 28 cm length, 22 cm width, and 24 cm height were used in this study. ...
Integrated nutrient management is one of the most effective techniques to tackle soil fertility concerns and boost crop productivity. Taking this into consideration, a pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of selected organic amendments and zinc (Zn) fertilizer on the soil quality, Zn uptake, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Fifteen treatments containing different combinations of three organic sources comprising of compost (5 ton/ha), bioslurry (10 ton/ha), farmyard manure (10 ton/ha), and a Zn sulfate (6 kg of Zn/ha) fertilizer as an inorganic source were employed. The individual and combined application of compost, bioslurry, farmyard manure, and Zn sulfate significantly and positively affected the soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, physiology, growth, and yield attributes of maize. Interestingly, the co-addition of bioslurry and compost with Zn sulfate was the most effective treatment that significantly increased the seed germination (75%), plant physiology (72–96%), shoot and root lengths (68–82%), shoot fresh and dry weights (66–65%) and root fresh and dry weights (84–86%), 1000-grain weight (91%), and Zn in grain (71%) as compared to their respective controls. Furthermore, the co-application of bioslurry and compost with Zn sulfate considerably improved the soil quality attributes (62–87%). The findings of the current study imply that combining compost and bioslurry with Zn fertilizer could be a useful strategy for improving soil quality, Zn uptake and accumulation in grains, and the overall quality and productivity of maize crops.
... Soil types vary within streams [43], but unclear is how soil differences may function to limit mussel presence among a long range of sites. Deposition relates to stream flow [44][45][46], and some suitable habitat is expected unless the stream gradient is severe. ...
Water quality in the Cuyahoga River, a national heritage river of the United States, has improved greatly since the infamous river fire of 1969, but much of the watershed faces combined demands of a state scenic river valued for nature and the primary water source for surrounding cities. A comparative analysis of mussel abundance was applied to test success between water improvements and mussel assemblages in two similarly sized sub-watersheds, the upper reaches of the Cuyahoga River and an isolated tributary stream, Tinkers Creek. Multivariate GIS/remote sensing tools and government data resources were applied to contrast variation in lands use, soil types, and potential impacts from impoundments. Mussel populations declined in much of the Upper Cuyahoga River from 1990 to present, while in Tinkers Creek and the West Branch Cuyahoga River, both areas surrounded by residential lands, mussel species changed from a slow water species to species associated with flowing streams. Major structural differences among these stream reaches included regulated flow from reservoirs and consequentially poor soil drainage type in much of the Upper Cuyahoga River, while extensive improvements in Tinkers Creek enhanced flow dynamics and produced well-draining soils. Thus, the mussel assemblages appeared sustained despite a trend towards more human use where water flowed free.
... Soil structure was identified in the field using a soil structure assessment kit and soil structure class code was determined. The soil structure class code was determined based on the observed shape and size of the soil structure according to the USLE nomograph (Corral-Pazos-de-Provens et al. 2022), while the permeability class code was derived from soil texture classes (Groenendyk et al. 2015) encoded based on the textural triangle chart. ...
Soil erosion is one of the main causes of land resource decline in India, which in turn affects agricultural productivity. With the help of suitable soil and water conservation measures, this problem can easily be overcome. It has been proven that soil and water conservation (SWC) measures make a lasting contribution to the conservation of natural resources. The present study was conducted to highlight the importance of SWC measures for the conservation of soil resources at the watershed scale. Central MPKV Campus Watershed is selected as a study area. It is located in the tropical rain shadow region of Western Ghats, Maharashtra. SWC measures are proposed for the watershed based on the topography and soil characteristics of the area. Soil loss from the watershed before conservation and after conservation measures was estimated using the USLE model combined with RS and GIS techniques. It was found that average annual soil loss rate will be reduce upto 6.51 t/ha/ yr from 18.68 t/ha/yr after the implementation of recommended SWC measures in the watershed. Soil loss will be reduced by approximately 65% once recommended SWC measures are implemented. It was found that SWC measures in the watershed not only contribute to the protection of natural resources, but also act as a climate change mitigation measure.
... Soil properties. The soil (0-30 cm) contained 58.0% of silt, 40.6% of sand, and 1.4% of clay, and the soil is classified as silt loam [47]. The pH was close to neutral (pH KCl 6.5), and the soil was high in both phosphorus (P 2 O 5 297 mg kg −1 ) and potassium (K 2 O 424 mg kg −1 ), and low in nitrogen (0.90 g kg −1 ). ...
One of the practices often mentioned to achieve climate change mitigation is the long-term cultivation of perennial plants. The objective of the study was to estimate changes in the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions in 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm, and within 0–30 cm soil layer of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) swards that differ in age (5, 10 and 15 years) as well as to compare them with the arable field. Our results show that SOC accumulation at 5-year-old cultivation of red fescue is high, later this SOC increase slowed down from 71% in the 0–30 cm soil layer when land use was converted from arable field to 5-year-old sward to 1% from 10 to 15 years. The level of water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) in the 0–30 cm soil layer of swards was significantly higher compared to the arable field. The positive effect of these swards in the accumulation and stabilization of organic carbon during humification in the soil was also determined. The largest amounts of mobile humic substances (MHS) and mobile humic acids (MHA) accumulated in the 0–10 cm layer of sward soil (3.30–4.93 and 1.53–2.48 g kg−1, respectively). In conclusion, the findings suggest that a conversion from arable to soil under permanent grass cover significantly improves carbon status.
